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Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states are differentiated by:Question options:Population sizeEnvironmentsPolitical and subsistence patternsTheir beliefs about their own origins
Political and subsistence patterns
What term describes how people interact with their environments in order to make a living?Question options:agriculturegathering and huntingmodernitymode of subsistence
mode of subsistence
Which of the following is NOT associated with globalization?Question options:the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factoriesmarkets expanding beyond the location where products are manufacturedthe moving of factories to countries such as China and Brazil for cheaper laborthe economies of the United States and Western European since the late 1970s
the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories
What term refers to a cultural group without an official leader?Question options:Precolonialacephalouslineage ordertribal
acephalous
Which of the following BEST describes the universalist approach to understanding economic processes?Question options:relies upon fieldwork rather than statistics to understand economic processesassumes that economic processes work the same way all over the worldfocuses on the differences between economic assumptions in various culturescreates universal rules based on those cultures that are egalitarian
assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world
The first method of farming developed by humans is known as what?Question options:intensive irrigationpotlatchesintensive agricultureextensive horticulture
extensive horticulture
What term refers to the process of raising animals to obtain animal by-products?Question options: farming horticulture herding animal domestication
farming
As cities and states emerged, there was an increase in demand for higher yields to support growing populations. What did this force farmers to do?
figure out new ways to store surplus
What do anthropologists believe was the first step in the development of agriculture?Question options:pastoralists using a plough to prepare the soil for replanting a pasturegatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for themhorticulturalists practicing slash-and-burn techniquesnomads experimenting with the growing of hybrid plants
gatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for them
hat term refers to people sharing things with no regard to value or compensation?Question options:marketspotlatchredistributiongeneralized reciprocity
generalized reciprocity
What is the name for the use of irrigation systems, a plough, and continuous cultivation of the same plots?Question options:intensive agricultureslash and burnsurplus agricultureextensive horticulture
intensive agriculture
Which farming method would generate the greatest yield and support the largest population?Question options:slash and burnextensive horticultureshifting cultivationintensive agriculture
intensive agriculture
What term refers to a form of herding in which people live in small seasonal camps as they move with their animals?Question options:gathering and huntingnomadismforaginghorticulturalists
nomadism
What mode of subsistence is associated with the care and use of domesticated herd animals?Question options:plant cultivationpastoralismgathering and huntingseasonal migration
pastoralism
What term refers to the ability to convince others and build group consensus?Question options:political powerpersuasive powerpositions of authoritycoercive power
persuasive power
What is the name for using several plots of land in various stages of fallow and cultivation?Question options:shifting cultivationintensive agriculturetranshumanismseminomadism
shifting cultivation
Which description BEST defines evolutionary social theory (cultural evolution)?Question options:the transition from an egalitarian society to a rigid social hierarchythe cultural changes associated with the rise of the industrial age in the 19th centurysocieties moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequencethe transition from a gathering and hunting to a farming mode of subsistence
societies moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequence
What term refers to small seminomadic groups who are gatherer-hunters?Question options: villages bands tribes nomads
bands