ELA test 3/8/18, Key Terms for Argumentative Essay
An argumentative claim must have all of the following:
1.A statement, 2. clear and concise, 3. take a position, a side, either the Pro or Con- cannot take both sides (Do not sit on the fence: its uncomfortable!), 4. supported by logical reasons- provides a road map for the reader to follow through the body paragraphs.
rebuttal
A counterargument, especially in debate.
assertion
A declaration or statement.
What is the definition for argument?
A reasoned attempt to convince the audience to accept a particular point of view about a debatable topic. It is a statement of the writer's position regarding an issue supported by valid significant reasoning AND relevant, sufficient, thorough, and unbiased evidence
topic sentence
A sentence intended to express the main idea in a paragraph or passage.
argument
A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer.
counterclaim
A statement made by someone that goes against the claim. Like a defendant suing a plaintiff
claim
A statement or assertion that is open to challenge and that requires support (Your basic belief about a particular topic, issue, event, or idea)
thesis statement
A statement or sentence that states the purpose of a paper or essay.
Write down the 5 questions to ask yourself about a source.
Currency? How current is the source? Relevancy? Authority? All of this relates to credibility/Ethos of an argument Accuracy? Purpose?
(Claim + 3 main supporting ideas
Definitive "Road Map"
Formal writing rules:
Do Not Use Contractions Do Not Use Abbreviations Do Not Use Slang or Non-Standard English Spell out numbers from one to ninety-nine Avoid "ETC." and exclamation marks
Wind power should continue to be developed and utilized as an alternative energy source in the United States
Effective
One must also make the audience believe and accept. What is this referred to as in rhetoric?
Ethos
What are the three basic components/parts of the introductory Paragraph?
Hook- Interest readers curiosity Context/Background- Why is this important to my reader Thesis/Claim- Position taken with reasons to prove it
What are the seven parts of an argumentative essay?
Introduction Paragraph Ends with a claim or 3 point thesis Body paragraph(s) Counter-claim Counter-argument Rebuttal Concluding paragraph
4 questions about your claim or thesis...
Is it a statement? Is it clear and concise? Does it take a position? Is it debatable? Can it be supported with logical reasons/evidence?
Lets review claims/thesis statement/position
It is a statement It is clear and precise It takes a position or a side, "no sitting on the fence." It can be supported with logical reasons
Why do we want to think about our audience before we write?
It will determine my tone It will determine my counter-arguments
What is appealing to logic and intellect referred to as in rhetoric?
Logos
How do I avoid informal tone?
No 1st & 2nd person pronouns---- Use 3rd person pronounds No contractions No slang No abbreviations (including ETC.) No exclamation marks Spell out numbers 1-99
Explain how to determine if you have a debatable topic
One can debate a topic that which has two sides (Pro and Con)
Arguments must be rational. What can they not depend on at all?
Pathos, passion or emotion.
What are the differences between an expositive and argumentative essay
The argumentative essay and the expositive essay are similar because they are both nonfiction, and both essays have an introduction, body, and conclusion. However, the expositive essay has a thesis statement, and the argumentative essay has a claim.
Wind power should continue to be developed and utilized as an alternative energy source in the United States Wind power should continue to be developed and utilized as an alternative energy source in the United States
Too General or Broad
What is an example of a debatable topic?
Whether or not middle school administrators should ban the wearing of baseball caps by students to school or mandate assigned lunchroom seating.
What are the 6 rules for formal writing? Only type the bold explanations below
Write in Third Person (do not use first person or second person-you,yours) Do Not Use Contractions Do Not Use Abbreviations Do Not Use Slang or Non-Standard English Spell out numbers from one to ninety-nine Avoid "ETC." and exclamation marks
Support
Your specific facts or specific evidence used to support why your claim is true
warrants
a general assumption that establishes a connection between the data and the claim
counter-argument
acknowledging the opposition to your argument
data
also called grounds or evidence = support for your claim
Key Components for creating an argument
claim reasons and evidence Explanation/Elaboration
In order to write an argumentative essay, one has to have a _______,___________ statement regarding his/her position on an issue
clear, and precise
bias
subjective statements, wording, examples used by the author that make their argument unreliable
pathos
the argument's emotional appeal. How well does the writer tap into the reader's emotions? Why does this argument matter?
logos
the argument's logical appeal. How well does the author use facts and other supporting details to support his or her claims?
ethos
the author's ethical appeal. How knowledgeable and reasonable is the author? Fair? Trustworthy?
This statement it the _________ or _________. It is the __________ ___________ behind the essay. ____________ in the essay should relate to the ____________. The __________ or___________ is the _____________ on which the whole essay is built.
thesis or claim. driving force. everything, thesis/claim. thesis or claim and foundation
When writing a prompt:
use the language of the text or key words and phrases from the prompt or text in your thesis/claim.
audience
who the argument is intended to persuade
