EMT Ch 24-31, 38 (MODULE 5)

When performing a full body scan, you should assess for ________. A. OPQRST B. DCAP-BTLS C. AVPU D. SAMPLE

B. DCAP-BTLS

The mesentery is: Answers: A. the point of attachment between the small and large intestines. B. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body. C. a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs. D. a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver.

B. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______. A. patient history B. primary assessment C. scene size-up D. secondary assessment

B. primary assessment

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: A. pubic symphysis. B. proximal femur. C. femoral shaft. D. pelvic girdle.

B. proximal femur.

If your patient swallows blood following facial trauma, there is an increased risk of ________. A. GI trauma B. vomiting C. altered LOC D. hypotension

B. vomiting

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is: A. irregular. B. weak. C. rapid. D. slow.

D. slow.

In which of the following situations would the EMT be the LEAST likely to immobilize a patient's spine? A. No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication B. No spinal pain, but tingling in the extremities C. Unresponsive, but moving all extremities equally D. Pain to the c-spine, but no numbness or tingling.

A. No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should: A. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. B. request a paramedic to decompress the chest. C. make note of it and continue your assessment. D. apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask.

A. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: A. how rapidly he or she bleeds. B. how fast his or her heart beats. C. his or her baseline blood pressure. D. the part of the body injured.

A. how rapidly he or she bleeds.

he effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by: A. immediate reassessment following the intervention. B. reassessing the patient's blood pressure after 10 minutes. C. a neurosurgeon or emergency department physician. D. noting a decrease in the heart rate during ventilations.

A. immediate reassessment following the intervention.

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: A. intracranial bleeding. B. spinal cord injury. C. airway compromise. D. a fracture of the skull.

A. intracranial bleeding.

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should: A. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints. B. flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation. C. make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position. D. gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint.

A. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: A. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position. B. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls. C. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma. D. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury.

A. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should: A. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps. B. carefully slide a long backboard underneath her, keep her in a supine position, and apply a splint to her leg. C. manually stabilize her left leg, apply a traction splint, and then secure her to a long backboard or scoop. D. bind both of her legs together with triangular bandages and carefully secure her onto the ambulance stretcher.

A. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is: A. rapidly transporting her to the hospital. B. quickly immobilizing her spinal column. C. requesting a paramedic ambulance. D. careful monitoring her vital signs.

A. rapidly transporting her to the hospital.

During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a: A. shotgun. B. handgun. C. .357 magnum. D. .22-caliber pistol.

A. shotgun.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: A. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released. B. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first. C. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding. D. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control.

A. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

If you do not have the appropriate-size cervical collar, you should: A. use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head. B. defer cervical immobilization and apply lateral head blocks. C. ask the patient to keep his or her head in a neutral position. D. place sandbags on either side of the patient's head.

A. use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. A. 10% B. 20% C. 15% D. 5%

B. 20%

When functioning at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a patient will require complex extrication, you should enter the vehicle and provide care to the patient: A. after rescue personnel have cut the battery cables. B. after receiving approval from the incident commander. C. only after you believe the vehicle has been stabilized. D. only if the patient has experienced a major injury.

B. after receiving approval from the incident commander.

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: A. packing the wound with gauze. B. applying local direct pressure. C. compressing a pressure point. D. elevating the injured extremity.

B. applying local direct pressure.

You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should: A. break the window and unlock the door. B. ask the patient if he can unlock the door. C. request the rescue team to extricate him. D. use a pry bar to attempt to open the door.

B. ask the patient if he can unlock the door.

You arrive at an accident scene to find an alternative-fuel vehicle leaking an unknown substance. You should immediately _________. A. search the vehicle for occupants B. call for additional resources and keep bystanders away from the vehicle C. disconnect the car battery D. apply retardant to the leaking fuel

B. call for additional resources and keep bystanders away from the vehicle

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should: A. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings. B. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once. C. arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient. D. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport.

B. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: A. is allergic to any medications. B. has a history of eye surgeries. C. noticed the change during a meal. D. regularly sees a family physician.

B. has a history of eye surgeries.

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: A. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed. B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM. C. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status. D. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min.

B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: A. a thoracic spine fracture. B. posterior hip dislocation. C. anterior hip dislocation. D. fracture of the tibia or fibula.

B. posterior hip dislocation.

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to: A. closely assess the patient's airway. B. wear gloves and facial protection. C. consider the mechanism of injury. D. manually stabilize the patient's head.

B. wear gloves and facial protection.

Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death? A. Pulmonary contusion B. Aortic dissection C. Aortic rupture D. Myocardial contusion

C. Aortic rupture

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct? A. Most cases of compartment syndrome occur following a severe fracture of the pelvis. B. In most cases, compartment syndrome develops within a few minutes after an injury. C. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury. D. Compartment syndrome occurs because of increased pressure within the bone cavity.

C. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? A. His prescribed albuterol B. Diabetic complications C. High blood pressure D. Hemorrhagic stroke

C. High blood pressure

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct? A. The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss. B. Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration. C. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist. D. Most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant.

C. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should: A. perform a secondary assessment. B. suspect a severe hemopneumothorax. C. aggressively manage his airway. D. elevate his legs.

C. aggressively manage his airway.

An open pneumothorax occurs when: A. air enters the pleural space from a perforated lung. B. extreme pleural pressure causes the lung to rupture. C. air enters the pleural space from outside the body. D. a fractured rib perforates the tissue of the lung.

C. air enters the pleural space from outside the body.

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: A. epidermis. B. muscle fascia. C. dermal layer. D. fatty layer.

C. dermal layer.

In a patient with a head injury, hypertension, bradycardia, and Biot respirations indicate: A. decreased cerebral blood flow. B. internal bleeding in the chest. C. herniation of the brain stem. D. an underlying skull fracture.

C. herniation of the brain stem.

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the: A. spleen. B. kidney. C. liver. D. stomach.

C. liver.

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: A. lower extremity fractures. B. blunt trauma to the head. C. neck and facial injuries. D. open abdominal trauma.

C. neck and facial injuries.

At a scene with downed electrical lines, the EMT should _________. A. relocate the danger (hot) zone away from the patient B. enter the danger (hot) zone for patient removal only C. remain outside the danger (hot) zone D. stabilize the patient in the danger (hot) zone

C. remain outside the danger (hot) zone

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: A. carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing. B. thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing. C. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing. D. carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial.

C. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should: A. ask the child's father to try to locate the dog. B. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. C. report the incident to the appropriate authorities. D. advise the child that he will need rabies shots.

C. report the incident to the appropriate authorities.

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should: A. pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood. B. assist his ventilations with a BVM. C. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds. D. immobilize his spine and transport immediately.

C. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________. A. apply direct pressure first B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? A. When distal circulation and neurological functions are absent B. If a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity C. If transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes D. If resistance is encountered or the patient expresses severe pain

D. If resistance is encountered or the patient expresses severe pain

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: A. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. B. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. C. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a BVM. D. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

D. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: A. obtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen. B. attach and AED to treat for a potential arrhythmia. C. allow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable. D. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

D. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: A. apply insulated gloves and assume manual control of his c-spine. B. manually stabilize his head as your partner assesses for breathing. C. quickly but carefully move the patient away from the power line. D. rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

D. rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to: A. recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken. B. manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture. C. assess circulation distal to the site of the injury. D. remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.

D. remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.

During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should: A. defer spinal immobilization and transport to a trauma center. B. perform a focused physical exam with emphasis on the pelvis. C. log roll the patient onto a long backboard and transport at once. D. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

D. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: A. thoroughly flush her ear with sterile saline. B. remove the peanut with a cotton-tipped swab. C. use tweezers to try to remove the object. D. transport her to the emergency department.

D. transport her to the emergency department.