EMT Ch 25 Pre-quiz

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? Select one: A. High blood pressure B. His prescribed albuterol C. Hemorrhagic stroke D. Diabetic complications

A. High blood pressure

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: Select one: A. applying local direct pressure. B. compressing a pressure point. C. packing the wound with gauze. D. elevating the injured extremity.

A. applying local direct pressure.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: Select one: A. follow appropriate standard precautions. B. place the patient on high-flow oxygen. C. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment. D. apply direct pressure to the wound.

A. follow appropriate standard precautions.

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured? Select one: A. Red blood cells separate from plasma B. Platelets collect at the injury site C. Local blood vessels begin to dilate D. Red blood cells become less sticky

B. Platelets collect at the injury site

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? Select one: A. Adequate blood in the vasculature B. The filtering of blood cells in the spleen C. An intact system of blood vessels D. An effectively pumping heart

B. The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: Select one: A. white blood cells' ability to fight infection. B. ability of the blood to effectively clot. C. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. D. systolic blood pressure exclusively.

B. ability of the blood to effectively clot.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: Select one: A. venules. B. arterioles. C. capillary arteries. D. vena cavae.

B. arterioles.

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: Select one: A. a rapid, thready pulse. B. dizziness upon standing. C. a decreasing blood pressure. D. rapid, shallow breathing.

B. dizziness upon standing.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: Select one: A. dyspnea. B. hematemesis. C. hemoptysis. D. hematuria.

B. hematemesis.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: Select one: A. how fast his or her heart beats. B. how rapidly he or she bleeds. C. his or her baseline blood pressure. D. the part of the body injured.

B. how rapidly he or she bleeds.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: Select one: A. bruising only. B. pain and distention. C. significant hypotension. D. widespread ecchymosis.

B. pain and distention.

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. Select one: A. 200 mL B. 50 mL C. 150 mL D. 100 mL

D. 100 mL

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? Select one: A. Position the patient with his injured side down B. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport C. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis D. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

D. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours? Select one: A. Kidneys B. Heart C. Brain D. Skeletal muscle

D. Skeletal muscle

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: Select one: A. heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min. B. systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg. C. body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased. D. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

D. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

The systemic veins function by: Select one: A. returning oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium. B. delivering oxygen-poor blood to the capillaries. C. delivering deoxygenated blood to the capillaries. D. returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

D. returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.