EMT Chapter 10 Test

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

it forces the alveoli open & pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic & is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

nonrebreathing mask

Which of the following statements regards normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?

oxygen & carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls & capillaries

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

oxygen supports the combustion process & may cause a fire

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?

patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate

The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately____ pounds per square inch (psi)

2,000

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

300 mm Hg

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:

44%

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

500 psi

You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

55%

The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is:

hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts

The diaphragm is innervated by the _____ nerve, which allows it to contract

phrenic

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is______mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is______mm Hg

104, 40

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway

A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

Bronchus

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:

Cheyne-Stroke respirations

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position?

a 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar & adequate breathing

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

a conscious male with respirations of 19 respirations & pink skin

A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ration) mismatch occurs when:

a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen

During your assessment of a patient with a respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:

a lower airway obstruction

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

adequate amounts of surfactant.

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?

adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious & alert & able to speak n complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min & regular. You should:

administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

air moves primarily in the automatic dead space & does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid & shallow breathing, & has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

alternate 15 seconds of orals suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilations

Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:

blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state.

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it:

can maintain a patient airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

carbon dioxide

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury & the patient's medical history is unknown. The patients face is cyanotic, yet the pulse reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

carbon monoxide poisoning

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

corner of the mouth to the earlobe

Inhalation occurs when the:

diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure.

The leaf shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the:

epiglottis

Despite your attempts to coach a conscious young female's respirations, she continues to hyperventilate with a marked reduction in tidal volume. You should:

explain to her that you will assist her ventilations

Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered?

exposure to carbon monoxide & an oxygen saturation of 95%

The process of exchanging oxygen & carbon dioxide between the alveoli & the blood of the capillaries is called:

external respiration

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.

The hypoxic drive is influenced by:

low blood oxygen levels

Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include:

lung tissue injury & gastric distention

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the:

mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve

A 19-year-old male is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. AS you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:

remove the airway & be prepared to suction her oropharynx

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she:

requires CPR

Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the:

reservoir bag is fully inflated

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma, however, air is escaping from the mouth & nose. To prevent this, you should:

seal the mouth & nose

Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult?

shallow breathing

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:

slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:

suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the epiglottis

The main advantage of the Venturi mask is:

the use of its fine adjustment capabilities in the long-term management of physiologically stable patients.

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:

ventilation