Endo - Sample Exam Q

Which fibers are: Low stimulation threshold Myelinated HIGH conduction velocity* Located at pulp-dentin border Sharp lightning type of pain Reversible pulpitis

Alpha-fibers

Which fibers are: High stimulation threshold Non-myelinated LOW conduction velocity* Distributed throughout central pulp Throbbing dull, lingering, poorly localized pain Irreversible pulpitis

C-fibers

T/F: If the patient has requested that a rubber dam not be used during an endodontic procedure, and they have signed an informed consent waiving the use of rubber dam isolation, you will not be held liable if the patient ingests a file during the procedure.

False

T/F: Large pulp stones are not clinically significant even though they may block access to the canals.

False

T/F: In an iatrogenic error where a rubber dam was not used; studies show that the patients is more likely to ingest rather than aspirate a foreign object.

True

T/F: Mandibular molars may receive sensory innervation from the C2 and C3 cervical spinal nerves which may create challenges anesthetizing these teeth primarily by an inferior alveolar block injection.

True

T/F: Of all the clinical options and conditions for treating failing endodontic therapy, orthograde re-treatment should take precedent over periapical surgery.

True

The degree of bevel suggested for root-end resection should be: a. 0 (zero) degrees b. 10 degrees c. 45 degrees d. 90 degrees

a. 0 (zero) degrees

The taper of stainless steel endodontic K-files is: a. 0.02 b. 0.04 c. 0.06 d. 0.08

a. 0.02

All of the following are true for lateral canals (accessory) except. What is the EXCEPTION. a. Are demonstrated to be more frequent in anterior teeth than posterior teeth b. Formation of these canals can result in direct communication between the pulp and the PDL c. Usually only revealed or demonstrated when filled with radiopaque material such as sealer d. Are found more prevalent in the apical region than the coronal segments of teeth

a. Are demonstrated to be more frequent in anterior teeth than posterior teeth

Please review both statements. Statement I: With regard to pain fibers in the pulp, A-fibers (alpha) are myelinated axons that are high conduction and associated with reversible pulpitis. Statement II: C-fibers are unmyelinated neurons with low conduction and associated with irreversible pulpitis and chronic inflammation. a. Statements I and II are true. b. Statement I is true whereas statement II is false. c. Statement I is false and statement II is true d. Statements I and II are false.

a. Statements I and II are true.

Rapid onset, spontaneous pain with swelling

acute apical abscess

It is known that the apical foramen does not exit at the true anatomic apex but is approximately _____ from the apex. a. 0.1 - 0.5 mm b. 0.5 - 1.0 mm c. 1.0 - 2.0 mm d. 1.5 - 2.5 mm

b. 0.5 - 1.0 mm

The distal root of the mandibular 1st molar has a Weine's class III classification approximately. a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 25

b. 10%

According to the Walton classification, a mandibular lateral incisor will have a type II canal system: a. 40% b. 30% c. 20% d. 10%

b. 30%

The mesial root of the mandibular 1st molar has a Weine Type III classification: a. 80% of the time b. 60% of the time c. 25% of the time d. 10% of the time

b. 60% of the time

With regard to surgical flap design, all are considered guidelines except. What is the EXCEPTION. a. Incision and reflection should include the periosteum. b. Acute angles for the flap may be acceptable. c. At the minimum, the flap should include at least one tooth on either side of the intended tooth to be surgerized. d. It is advisable to not split the interdental papilla.

b. Acute angles for the flap may be acceptable.

A patient has presented with clinical symptoms that indicate you should prescribe an antibiotic. There is not any history of allergies or previous sensitivity to any medications. The antibiotic of choice for an endodontic infection is: a. azithromycin (Z-pak) b. Amoxicillin c. Cephalexin (Keflex) d. Clindamycin (Cleocin)

b. Amoxicillin

The presence of several accessory canals at the apical area in close proximity to the apical foramen may be referred to as: a. Apical beta b. Apical delta c. Apical sigma d. Apical rho

b. Apical delta

The preferred root-end filling materials are: a. Super-EBA and composite b. MTA and Super-EBA c. IRM and Biodentine d. MTA and glass ionomer

b. MTA and Super-EBA

During periapical surgery, root-end preparation and filling of the retro-preparation are indicated. From the following choices choose the optimal armentarium for root-end preparation and suggested minimum depth of the class I preparation. a. Tapered fissure bur in a high-speed hand piece and 3.0 mm b. Ultrasonic tip and 3.0 mm c. Tapered fissure bur in a high-speed hand piece and 5.0 mm d. Ultrasonic tip and 5.0 m

b. Ultrasonic tip and 3.0 mm

To hasten or increase the closure (maturation) of an open apex in an immature permanent tooth, the material that may be used in the canal(s) as an inter-appointment medicament is: a. formocresol b. calcium hydroxide (CaOH) c. peridex (chlorohexidine) d. 17% EDTA

b. calcium hydroxide (CaOH)

A patient presents with a moderate to largely periapical radiolucency (PARL) at the apex of #8. Moderate soft tissue erythema and swelling are present with a draining sinus tract. The tooth tests non-vital with Endo-ice and EPT. A small amount of exudate can be expelled from the sinus tract. What would be your periapical diagnosis? a. acute apical abscess b. chronic apical abscess c. acute symptomatic apical periodontitis d. chronic asymptomatic apical periodontitis

b. chronic apical abscess

The most sensitive diagnostic test to determine the vitality of pulp tissue is: a. pulse oximetry b. electric pulp test c. percussion d. carbon dioxide ice

b. electric pulp test

During endodontic treatment a barbed broach is used to: a. initial instrumentation of the canal to obtain working length b. extirpate (remove) pulp tissue) c. widen and shape the canals d. given to female geriatric patients to wear on their lapels

b. extirpate (remove) pulp tissue

The optimal method to transport an exfoliated tooth in an adult is: a. Place in "Save-A- Tooth" a Hank's balanced salt solution b. firmly re-position the tooth in the patient's socket and immediately proceed to dental office c. place in milk for storage until dentist can see patient d. remove debris by wiping the tooth with a clean cloth or tissue, rinse with water, place in muccobuccal fold

b. firmly re-position the tooth in the patient's socket and immediately proceed to dental office

The permanent material that is most often placed into the canal systems after cleaning and shaping is completed is: a. calcium hydroxide b. gutta percha c. sargenti paste d. smear clear

b. gutta percha

An adult patient presents with a, "fluctuant" abscess. To provide immediate relief, the following procedure may be considered: a. trephination b. incise and drain (I&D) c. endodontic root end surgery d. cvek pulpotomy

b. incise and drain (I&D)

The canal(s) have/has been adequately filed, cleaned, and shaped. The correct endodontic terminology for filling the canal space is: a. trephination b. obturation c. sonication d. retro-fill

b. obturation

In an endodontic emergency for a patient in moderate to severe pain, the optimal procedure relieve discomfort would be to perform: a. apicoectomy b. pulpotomy or pulpectomy c. prescribed antibiotics and an opiate medication d. apexification

b. pulpotomy or pulpectomy

Gates-Glidden are instruments used in endodontic therapy to accomplish: a. accessing the canals b. to enlarge the coronal portions of the canals c. removing grossly hemorrhagic debris from the canal d. repair furcation or strip perforations

b. to enlarge the coronal portions of the canals

It is known that the apical foramen does not exit at the true anatomic apex but is approximately _____ from the apex. a. 2.0-3.0 mm b. 1.5-2.0 mm c. 0.5-1.0 mm d. 0.1-0.5 mm

c. 0.5-1.0 mm

For endodontic therapy, more successful treatment outcomes are associated with instrumentation and filling material to this area of the apical region. a. 3.0 mm or greater from the radiographic apex b. 2.0-3.0 mm beyond the radiographic apex c. 0.5-1.0 mm from the radiographic apex d. The filling material is, "flush" with the radiographic apex

c. 0.5-1.0 mm from the radiographic apex

The distal root of a mandibular 1st molar has a Walton type III classification. a. 60% of the time b. 30% of the time c. 10% of the time d. 5% of the time

c. 10% of the time

For the irrigating solution to effectively reach the apical third of the canal, the apical canal should be enlarged to at least a no. __________ file. a. 15 or 20 b. 25 or 30 c. 35 or 40 d. At least to a 45 MAF (master apical file)

c. 35 or 40

The mesio-buccal (MB) root of the maxillary 1st molar will have a Weine's type II canal what percent of the time? a. 15% b. 40% c. 80% d. 95%

c. 80%

All of the following are true for a "C-shaped," anatomy except one. What is the EXCEPTION. a. Prognosis may be questionable due to challenging debridement and obturation. b. This anatomy is usually found in mandibular 2nd molars. c. C-shape anatomy is more common in African ancestry. d. A total of 3 separate canal orifices may be located.

c. C-shape anatomy is more common in African ancestry.

A 30 stainless steel K-file is demonstrated by: a. Has a taper of 0.06 b. D0 is 0.030 c. Color coded blue d. Commercially available in file lengths 20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm e. D16 is 0.67

c. Color coded blue

The current Chairman of the Department of Endodontics at IUSD is: a. Dr. Joseph Legan b. Dr. Samuel Patterson c. Dr. Kenneth Spolnik d. Dr. Carl Newton

c. Dr. Kenneth Spolnik

The optimal clinical test to distinguish endodontic pathology with non-odontogenic lesions is: a. Thermal (Endo-Ice) b. Radiograph c. Electric pulp test (EPT) d. Percussion e. Palpation

c. Electric pulp test (EPT)

All of the following are legal considerations for rubber dam use except one. What is the EXCEPTION. a. Protects the staff from transmission of infectious disease such as Hepatitis. b. It is estimated that almost 50% of dentists do not use a rubber dam during an endodontic procedure. c. Expert testimony is required in cases involving patients who have swallowed or aspirated objects. d. Juries are considered competent to consider negligence.

c. Expert testimony is required in cases involving patients who have swallowed or aspirated objects.

When accessing through an all ceramic crown what bur is recommended to be used? a. High speed No. 557 carbide bur with water coolant b. Slow speed No. 4 round carbide c. High speed Round diamond bur with water coolant d. High speed Endo Z bur

c. High speed Round diamond bur with water coolant

In the maxillary 1st molar, which of the following describes the location of the orifice of the mesial-lingual (MB2) canal. a. Directly under the DB cusp tip. b. Located 3-5 mm from the palatal orifice toward the DB orifice c. Is located 1-3 mm lingual from the MB1 canal toward the palatal canal orifice. d. Is the largest canal and located slightly distal to the ML cusp tip.

c. Is located 1-3 mm lingual from the MB1 canal toward the palatal canal orifice.

Of the following teeth, what tooth is more likely to have two separate canals? a. Maxillary 1st molar mesial-buccal root b. Mandibular lateral incisor c. Mandibular 1st molar mesial root d. Maxillary 2nd pre-molar

c. Mandibular 1st molar mesial root

The following roots can contain more than one canal except one. What is the EXCEPTION. a. MB root, maxillary 1st molar b. Mandibular central incisor c. Maxillary lateral incisor d. Mesial root, mandibular 1st molar

c. Maxillary lateral incisor

Dens invaginatus (Den in Dente) occurs most commonly in what teeth? a. Mandibular 1st pre-molars b. Maxillary canines c. Maxillary lateral incisors d. Mandibular lateral incisors

c. Maxillary lateral incisors

Convenience form of the access cavity refers to: a. Prevention of materials from entering the chamber and canals b. Developing an aseptic environment before entering the pulp chamber c. Modification of the access to facilitate instrument placement d. Assessment of restorability after caries removal e. Recommended shape of the access outline form

c. Modification of the access to facilitate instrument placement

The outline form of the access cavity refers to: a. Modification of the access to facilitate instrument placement. b. Preventing materials or objects from entering the chamber and canal space. c. Recommended shape for access with a normal tooth and pulp chamber. d. Determining the restorability of the tooth. 5. When accessing through an all ceramic crown, Torabinejad et al. recommends the following bur to be used.

c. Recommended shape for access with a normal tooth and pulp chamber.

Please read the following two statements about the lingual groove defect and answer accordingly. Statement 1: The lingual groove defect is demonstrated most frequently in maxillary central incisors. Statement 2: The treatment of a lingual groove defect is generally regarded as a poor prognosis. a. Both statements 1 and 2 are true. b. Statement 1 is true whereas Statement 2 is false. c. Statement 1 is false whereas Statement 2 is true. d. Bothe Statements 1 and 2 are false.

c. Statement 1 is false whereas Statement 2 is true.

Please review the two statements and answer accordingly. Statement 1: pulp stones are most often demonstrated in the radicular pulp and cannot be observed by radiographs. Statement 2: Diffuse calcifications are often found in the radicular pulp and are only visible histologically. a. Both statements 1 and 2 are true. b. Statement 1 is true whereas statement 2 is false. c. Statement 1 is false whereas statement 2 is true d. Both statements 1 and 2 are false.

c. Statement 1 is false whereas statement 2 is true

In the lecture, all of the following statements are true regarding the pulpal system of molars except. What is the EXCEPTION. a. The pulp chamber is in the center of the crown b. Dark developmental lines can connect the canal orifices c. The floor of the chamber is usually lighter colored dentin d. The floor of the chamber is at the level of the CEJ e. Lower molars reveal orifices of canals that are equidistant in a mesial-distal line angle

c. The floor of the chamber is usually lighter colored dentin

Which of the following are true regarding the apical foramen? a. The position of the foramen is often visible on the radiograph. b. The diameter remains constant throughout life. c. The foramen is more commonly located 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm away from the radiographic apex. d. None of these statements are true

c. The foramen is more commonly located 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm away from the radiographic apex.

During a traumatic event, the complete loss of a tooth from the alveolar socket is referred to as: a. concussion b. luxation c. avulsion d. intrusion

c. avulsion

A patient complains of excessive sensitivity when drinking cold beverages. When Endo-Ice is applied to tooth #5 there is a sharp and lingering pain when compared to teeth #4, #6, and #12. The correct pulpal diagnosis for #5 would be: a. normal pulp b. reversible pulpitis c. irreversible pulpitis d. necrosis

c. irreversible pulpitis

The correct term for dental pulp tissue that has been determined to be non-vital is: a. reversible inflamed dental pulp tissue b. normal pulp tissue c. necrotic pulp tissue d. irreversible inflamed pulp tissue

c. necrotic pulp tissue

The solution most often employed to cleanse and irrigate the root canal system during endodontic treatment is: a. sterile saline b. glycerin c. sodium hypochlorite d. ethyl alcohol

c. sodium hypochlorite

An endodontic procedure has been completed but the patient has not had a permanent restoration placed. The patient had been asymptomatic after RCT but now complains of biting-chewing sensitivity in the area. It has been 6 months since the procedure was complete. you suspect them most likely reason for discomfort is: a. all dental caries was not removed b. the original pain was non-odontogenic in etiology c. the coronal seal has been compromised and bacterial contamination has occured d. the case was misdiagnosed and the wrong tooth was treated

c. the coronal seal has been compromised and bacterial contamination has occured

A patient reports that a few days ago they bit into a burrito and heard a, "popping" noise. Later when they chewed in the area it was sensitive to biting pressure. In addition, cold beverages now cause increased discomfort. When you examine the patient you suspect, "cracked tooth syndrome." What additional tests may be considered useful in addition to percussion, palpation, and pulp status? a. occlusal analysis and test cavity b. pulse oximetry and CBCT c. trans-illumination and tooth slooth d. Nabor's probe and iodine dye

c. trans-illumination and tooth slooth

Long-standing lesion resulting in sinus tract

chronic apical abscess

Increase in trabecular bone due to irritation

condensing osteitis

The definition that best characterizes a dilacerated root is: a. A complex root structure resulting in an apical split (Walton type IV). b. An obviously wider than usual canal space in a severely curved root. c. A root structure defined by bifurcated apex severely curved to the distal. d. A severe root curvature often positioned in the faciolingual plane.

d. A severe root curvature often positioned in the faciolingual plane.

With regard to pain fibers in the pulp, A- fibers (alpha) are myelinated axons that are low conduction and associated with reversible pulpitis. (I) In contrast, C-fibers are unmyelinated with high conduction and associated with irreversible pulpitis. (II) a. Both statements I and II are true b. Statement I is true whereas statement II is false c. Statement I is false whereas statement II is true d. Both statements I and II are false

d. Both statements I and II are false ** ( changed bc alpha fast conduction, C-fiber low conduction)

The cementodentinal junction: a. Continuously changes due to dentin deposition b. Usually located 0.5-1.5 mm from the anatomic apex c. Is often observed on the radiograph d. Cannot be determined clinically

d. Cannot be determined clinically

The major objective of accessing is: a. Removing all pulp tissue b. Minimizing the removal of tooth structure c. Locating all pulp tissue d. Gaining and maintaining straight line access

d. Gaining and maintaining straight line access

The major factor that affects a successful outcome of periapical surgery is: a. Excessive occlusal forces b. Case selection c. Root fractures d. Good oral hygiene

d. Good oral hygiene

Which of the following describes a submarginal flap design. a. It causes less intraoperative bleeding. b. It causes less scarring. c. It is an ideal flap design for mandibular teeth. d. It is associated with less gingival recession.

d. It is associated with less gingival recession.

This particular cell type is not found in normal healthy pulps but can be demonstrated in inflamed pulp tissue. a. Macrophages b. T-lymphocytes c. Histiocytes d. Mast cells

d. Mast cells

The preferred material for dressing the exposed pulp tissue is: a. Zinc oxide reinforced with sedative pain alleviating eugenol b. Methacrylate based bonding agents and glass ionomer cements c. CaOH based materials such as pure CaOH powder, Dycal, or Ultracal d. Materials from the calcium silicate family such as MTA or Biotine

d. Materials from the calcium silicate family such as MTA or Biotine

The national endodontic professional society recognized by the American Dental Association is: a. The Association of Endodontic Surgeons (AES) b. The American Academy of Endodontist (AAE) c. The American Schilder Academy (ASA) d. The American Association of Endodontists (AAE)

d. The American Association of Endodontists (AAE)

For aging molars, secondary dentin is deposited: a. In the canals only b. Buccal and lingual walls of the pulp chamber c. Mesial and distal wall of the pulp chamber d. The roof and the floor of the chamber e. In the coronal portions of the canal orifices

d. The roof and the floor of the chamber

All of the following are not types of collagen found in dental pulp except one. What is the EXCEPTION. a. Type IV b. Type II c. Type VII d. Type III e. There are no exceptions; all these collagen types are found within dental pulp

d. Type III

Although collagen type I is the most prevalent in dental pulp, the other type of collagen produced by pulpal fibroblast is: a. Type IX b. Type II c. Type VI d. Type III

d. Type III

The lingual (palatal) root of the maxillary 1st molar often has a curvature in the apical 3rd to which of the following. a. Distal b. Mesial c. Lingual d. Buccal e. No curvature is present, the root is usually straight.

d. buccal

A 14 year-old boy suffers blunt force trauma to #8 and #9 with a volleyball. There is no indications of crown-root fractures, tissue lacerations, or alteration of the original position of the teeth. This type of traumatic injury is classified as: a. avulsion b. intrusion c. luxation d. concussion

d. concussion

Rotary files are composed of this type of metal. a. chromium-nickel (CrNi) b. carbon steel c. stainless steel d. nickel-titanium (NiTi)

d. nickel-titanium (NiTi)

When performing a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), all of the following are anatomical planes evaluated except one. What is the EXCEPTION? a. coronal b. sagittal c. axial d. occlusal

d. occlusal

Regarding endodontic radiography, the SLOB rule (same lingual opposite buccal) is most often utilized during root canal therapy by obtaining an X-ray to observe the following: a. demonstrate how much infection is present b. evaluate the restorability and periodontal stability for the tooth c. determine the amount of bone loss in the region d. separate the buccal canal from the lingual canal

d. separate the buccal canal from the lingual canal

All of the following are true for the odontoblast except one. What is the EXCEPTION. a. Responsible for forming dentin. b. Are more numerous in the coronal portion of the pulp. c. Toll-like receptors on the odontoblast cell membrane, TLR2 & TLR4, can release pro-inflammatory cytokines. d. Odontoblasts do not undergo cell division once mature, hence they are referred to as, "end cells." e. All of the following statements are true, there are no exceptions.

e. All of the following statements are true, there are no exceptions

Alteration in the anatomy of the pulp space occur because of the following except. What is the EXCEPTION. a. Age b. Resorption c. Calcifications d. Trauma e. No exceptions, all answers are correct.

e. No exceptions, all answers are correct.

The following statements about access for maxillary central incisors are true except one. What is the EXCEPTION. a. The lingual shelf must be removed b. If pulp horns are receded, the outline form becomes ovoid c. Central incisors usually have one root and one canal d. Prominent pulp horns require a triangular outline form e. No exceptions, all statements are true

e. No exceptions, all statements are true

Several canal morphologies have been identified. All of the following are descriptions of canal morphology except. What is the EXCEPTION. a. C-shaped b. Ovoid c. Hourglass d. Round e. No exceptions; all are considered correct

e. No exceptions; all are considered correct

All of the following are true for removing the smear layer except one. What is the EXCEPTION. a. EDTA exposure over 10 minutes may cause excessive removal of both peritubular and intratubular dentin. b. Irrigation with 17% EDTA should be followed by rinsing with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). c. Citric acid has proven to be an effective means of removing the smear layer d. The recommended exposure time with EDTA is one minute. e. There are no exceptions, all answers are true for removing the smear layer.

e. There are no exceptions, all answers are true for removing the smear layer.

Dens Invaginatus is associated with the following: a. Prognosis may be questionable. b. Most common in lateral maxillary incisors. c. Also referred to as "Dens in Dente." d. May appear clinically as a small bulge or tubercule. e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above

e. a, b,and c

Odontoblasts of the dental pulp have the following properties: a. Odontoblast form dentin b. Odontoblast may divide in response to injury via caries, trauma, or restorative procedures c. Cell numbers in the coronal portion may range from 45,000-65,000/mm d. Odontoblasts in the cervical area are flattened and fewer when compared to the coronal region e. a, b, and c f. a, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above

f. a, c, and d

Characteristics of Dens Evaginatus include: a. Most common in maxillary premolars b. More prominent in Hispanics and Native Americans c. Initially appears as a small tubercle or "bulge." d. The projection may be identified on a radiograph e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above

f. b, c, and d

C-shaped canals are characterized by the following: a. More common in Asian populations. b. Internal anatomy complex enough to warrant referral to an endodontist. c. Usually occurs in mandibular 1st molars. d. Considerate maximum difficulty on the Endodontic Risk Assessment Form e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above

g. a, b, and d

Ideal characteristics for a root-end filling material should include: a. Capable of regenerating periradicular tissues b. Be visible radiographically c. Be resorbable d. Seal well e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above

g. a, b, and d

The following cell types are demonstrated in healthy pulps. a. Fibroblast b. Dendritic cell c. Mast cell d. T-lymphocyte e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above

g. a, b, and d

Characteristics of condensing osteitis include: a. Often due to chronic pulpal inflammation. b. Usually demonstrated in maxillary posterior teeth. c. Presents as irregular dense trabecular bone around apex. d. Approximately 50% will respond to conventional endodontic therapy. e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, c, and d h. All of the above.

g. a, c, and d

Which of the following are characteristics of C-shaped molars. a. Often occurs in mandibular 2nd molars. b. More common in individuals of African ancestry c. Although a C-shape, three orifices are usually located within the groove d. Prognosis is questionable. e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, c, and d h. All of the above

g. a, c, and d

Which of the following are considered classifications of pulp stones. a. Attached b. Sclerotic c. Embedded d. Free e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, c, and d h. All of the above

g. a, c, and d

Contraindications of periapical surgery may include: a. Unidentified cause if failing endodontic therapy. b. Medical or systemic complications. c. Indiscriminate use of surgical application. d. Anatomic factors. e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above

h. All of the above

Please choose the correct statements with regard to tertiary dentin characteristics. a. Designated in two forms; reactionary and reparative b. Dentin formation in response to injury, either caries, trauma, or restorative procedures c. Histologically, forms can be observed as tubular or atubular d. Tertiary dentin is less organized than primary or secondary dentin e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above

h. All of the above

Which of the following procedures may be considered useful when attempting to isolate a structurally compromised tooth. (coronal aspect) a. Clamping of the gingiva. b. Placement of an orthodontic band. c. Corrective surgery such as a gingivectomy. d. Surgical crown lengthening. e. a, b, and c f. b, c, and d g. a, b, and d h. All of the above.

h. All of the above.

Application of cold may illicit lingering pain

irreversible pulpitis

No response to electric pulp test (EPT)

necrosis

Asymptomatic and responds normal to EPT

normal pulp

Removal of stimuli results in immediate relief

reversible pulpitis

Spontaneous pain upon biting

symptomatic apical periodontitis