Endocrine & Blood Physiology
Melatonin
A hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness.
Leptin
A hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a satiety factor in regulating appetite.
Serotonin
A neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood. Site of secretion: platelets in the blood
prostaglandins and leukotrienes
All cells EXCEPT RBCs; make vessels more permeable
Human Growth Hormone (HGH), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH), LH, Prolactin, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Anterior Pituitary
nitric oxide (NO)
Endothelial cells; Local regulator that regulates blood oxygen levels, A gas produced by many types of cells that functions as a local regulator and as a neurotransmitter.
Releasing and inhibiting hormones
Hypothalamus
Calcitriol
Kidneys; A hormone produced from vitamin D that acts in essentially the same manner as parathyroid hormone.
Histamine
Most cells in connective tissues
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid glands. increases blood Ca2+ involved in bone maintenance
Oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Posterior Pituitary
gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, GIP
Stomach and small intestine
Testosterone
Testes
What are the differences between the lobes of the pituitary gland? How does the hypothalamus communicate with each lobe?
The posterior pituitary gland stores an and releases hornones made produced by the hypothalamus. These hormones are released from the hypothalamus sends messages to the pituitary gland through nerve cells. The posterior lobe produces two hormones, vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin. The anterior lobe regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction through the hormones that it produces (and seceretes). The production of these hormones is stimulated or inhibited by chemical messages sent from the hypothalamus to the pituitary. Anterior Hormones: human growth hormone (HGH) , thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), ATCH, follicle-stimulating FSH, leitinizing hormone LH, prolactin,
T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)
Thyroid gland; stimulate and maintain metabolic processes
Erythropoietin (EPO)
hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
Aldosterone, cortisol, androgens
hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide
location: pancreas primary target: many tissues main effect: metabolism of glucose and other nutrients
estrogen and progesterone
ovaries
epinephrine and norepinephrine, (catecholamines)
the adrenal medulla secretes __ and ___, which are ___
Calcitonin
thyroid; lowers blood calcium levels
