Endocrine system
What are the two hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin
What are peptide hormones?
Insulin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is ____.
Iodine
What mineral does the thyroid gland need?
Iodine
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of what hormone?
Adosterone
Which endocrine gland or structure produces aldosterone?
Adrenal cortex
Which endocrine gland or structure produces cortisone?
Adrenal cortex
Which endocrine gland or structure produces epinephrine?
Adrenal medulla
Which endocrine gland or structure produces norepinephrine?
Adrenal medulla
What are the three chemical families of the endocrine system?
Amino acid derivatives, peptides and proteins, and lipid derivatives.
What are peptide hormones composed of?
Amino acids
Which endocrine gland or structure produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland or structure produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland or structure produces glucocorticoids?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland or structure produces growth hormone (HGH)?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland or structure produces luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland or structure produces prolactin (PRL)?
Anterior pituitary gland
Which endocrine gland or structure produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Anterior pituitary gland
What is stress?
Any condition that threatens homeostasis
How long do the effects of the endocrine system last?
Long-term
The pineal gland produces ____.
Melatonin
What type of feedback does the endocrine system function on?
Negative feedback
The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ____.
Calcitonin and Thyroid hormone
What three hormones are secreted by the kidneys?
Calcitrol, Erythropoietin (EPO), and Renin
What are the seven hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland?
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), PRL (prolactin), and HGH (human growth hormone)
What hormone does the thymus release?
Thymosins
Which endocrine gland or structure produces thymosin?
Thymus gland
Which endocrine gland or structure produces calcitonin?
Thyroid gland
Which endocrine gland or structure produces thyroxin?
Thyroid gland
Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What type of cells produce glucagon?
alpha cells
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ____.
anterior pituitary gland
Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ____.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Promotes reabsorption of only water by the kidneys
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What type of cells produce insulin?
beta cells
Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
cortocosteroids
Calcitonin
decreases calcium
Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are the three cardinal signs of a disease known as ____.
diabetes mellitus
The thyroid gland is located ____.
directly below the Adam's apple
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
egg development
Lipid hormones
enter the cytoplasm
The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ____.
epinephrine
Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine
Which hormones regulate the female's menstrual cycle?
estrogen and progesterone
Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ____.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Cortisone and cortisol are types of ____ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.
glucocorticoids
Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors
glucocorticoids
Human growth hormone (HGH)
growth hormone
Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones
growth hormone (HGH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
holds water in the body
Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called ____.
hormonal stimulus
Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by what?
hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
Parathyroid hormone(PTH)
increases calcium
Lowers blood glucose levels
insulin
What hormone does adipose tissue release?
leptin and resistin
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
melanin production
A hormone called ____ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle.
melatonin
Thyroxins
metabolism
Prolactin (PRL)
milk production
Peptide hormones
need a secondary messenger
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
ovulation
Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex)
oxytocin
The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ____ and ____, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.
oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Calcitonin is made by the ____ cells of the thyroid gland.
parafollicular
Raises blood calcium levels
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mother's breasts?
prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
Hypothalamus
regulates pituitary gland
The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ____.
renin
Tropic hormones ____.
stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
Hypothalamus
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
Pancreas
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
Parathyroid glands
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
Pineal gland
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
Pituitary gland
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
Thymus gland
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
Thyroid gland
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
What stimulates the posterior pituitary?
Hypothalamic axons
What endocrine structure is the control center for the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
Which endocrine gland or structure produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Hypothalamus
Which endocrine gland or structure produces oxytocin?
Hypothalamus
Which endocrine gland or structure produces releasing and inhibiting hormones?
Hypothalamus
hormones that control the function of the anterior pituitary gland are released from the______?
Hypothalamus
Which endocrine gland or structure produces glucagon?
Pancreas
Which endocrine gland or structure produces insulin?
Pancreas
Which organ is both an endocrine and exocrine gland?
Pancreas
Which endocrine gland or structure produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Parathyroid gland
What hormone causes the activation of osteoclasts?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ____.
Pituitary gland
Adrenal cortex
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
Adrenal glands
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
Adrenal medulla
What is the following endocrine gland or structure?
The body's major metabolic hormone is called ____.
thyroid hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
thyroid stimulation
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine?
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Oxytocin
uterine contraction