English 11 semester 1 vocab and grammar

Unscrupulous (adjective)

"Don't listen to conscienceless" Unrestrained by scruples, unprincipled, conscienceless Scruple (noun)- Moral or ethical consideration. A standard that acts as a restraining force inhibiting certain actions. ex. Due to Frank's reputation of being UNSCRUPULOUS, the family trusted him about as far as they could throw him.

Ravenous (adjective)

"Starved for excitement" 1- Extremely hungry; famished; voracious 2- Intensely eager for gratification or satisfaction Synonyms: greedy, starved devouring, famished ex. His RAVENOUS hunger could only be assuaged by the all-you-can-eat buffet ex. Las Vagas hopes to fulfill even the most RAVENOUS of appetites.

Effeminate (adjective)

(of a boy or man) having traits, tastes, habits traditionally considered feminine; characterized by excessive softness, delicacy, or self-indulgence. Synonyms: Feminine, womanish, womanly ex. Raul's EFFEMINATE nature made it easy for him to move among female circles.

Add commas to these sentences -Early in the morning on my way to grandmas house I saw a happy jolly Santa Clause. -I saw Santa and I got presents -I saw Santa and got presents

-Early in the morning, on my way to grandmas house, I saw a happy, jolly Santa Clause. -I saw Santa, and I got presents (2 sentences separated by "and") -I saw Santa and got presents

Profound(ly) (adjective or adverb)

1- Penetrating deeply into thought or reflection ones being, or what lies beyond the obvious 2- Of deep meaning or significance 3- Intense, thorough, complete ex. He was a PROFOUND thinker, one capable of understanding many of life's complexities ex. It was a PROFOUND question causing quite a bit of reflection ex. There was a PROFOUND silence after the surprising melancholy news was herd.

Edifice

A big building like Kromery ex. The EDIFICE was commenced in 1846 and completed in 1848. ex. The new Kromery Middle School will surely be an impressive EDIFICE.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

A group of words containing a preposition, and object of the preposition, and any compliments or modifiers to that object.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

A group of words containing a subject and verb A clause that expresses a complete thought and is a stand alone sentence. LONG ex. Gasping for breath, I ran across the finish line at the track. ex. Legs furiously pumping, the rabbit, a Belgin Hare, ran quickly across the well manicured lawn and into the woods, red and orange with the colors of fall. SHORT: ex. I ran. ex. The rabbit ran.

APPOSITIVE PHRASE

A noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. Non essential & always have comma's The appositive can be a short or long combination of words. ex. The insect, A COCKROACH, is crawling across the kitchen table. ex. The insect, A LARGE COCKROACH, is crawling....... ex. The insect, A LARGE COCKROACH, WITH HAIRY LEGS (prepositional phrase/modifies noun), is crawling..... ex. Scott Fitzgerald, THE WELL KNOW AUTHOR OF THE GREAT GATSBY, was a famous partier back in the day. ON QUIZ: Jack went hunting Jack, A REDHEAD, WITH A BAD ATTITUDE, went hunting Jack, A BOY WITH ANGER MANAGEMENT ISSUES, went hunting IN THE WOODS.

Hedonist (noun)

A person whose life is dedicated to the pursuit of pleasure and self gratification. ex. Aldous Huxley created a society filled with HEDONISTS. He predicts this is what western society will become. (sex and drugs)

ADJECTIVE

A word that modifies a noun - tell what kind, how many, and how much - often precede that noun they modify - adding "-ly" to an adjective often makes it an adverb ex. The extremely LARGE bear furiously growled at the UNSUSPECTING campers.

PREPOSITIONS

A word that shows position, direction or relation ex. Around, in under, through, during, for, between, by, before Any word that fits in this sentence: The bird flew _____ the storm. Prepositions end with an object. Objects are always nouns (noun clauses or gerund phrases, which act as nouns) The object of the preposition will tell the reader the position, direction or relation to Sometimes those objects have compliment or modifiers (a fancy way to say adjectives and adverbs) ex. The rabbit ran AROUND THE FENCE & INTO THE WOODS. ex. AFTER THE SHOW we packed our bags. ex. The snowman melted IN THE YARD, causing the children to cry INTO THEIR FUZZY BLANKETS. ex. The politician spoke out AGAINST CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS. You can pull it out and it would still make sense.

PRONOUN

A word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun Singular: I, my, mine, me, you, yours, he, her, his, she, him, it Plural: We, our, us, you, your, yours, they, their, theirs, them

DEPENDENT/SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

ADVERB CLAUSE: Tells how, when, why, or UWC (under what condition ADJECTIVE CLAUSE: Tells which one, what kind, or how many Both Adverbial and Adjectival are NON-ESSENTIAL to the sentence. NOUN CLAUSE: Acts as the subject or object of a sentence; begin with Whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever. Begin with two types of words: Subordinating Conjunctions (adverb) and Reactive pronouns (adjective & noun) SUBORDINATE CLAUSES CAN NOT STAND ALONE, not a complete idea. Adverbal: always start with ABBI SAW A WUWU Mr. Mezera ran 6 miles yesterday, because he wanted to burn off the cake he ate earlier. BECAUSE (verb and noun) Main Clause (NO COMMA) Subordinate clause Subordinate Clause, (COMMA) main clause

COMPARISONS PHRASE

APPOSITIVE PHRASE: Noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. PARTICIPLE PHRASE: Begin with "ing" verb. "ing" noun. CAN pull out of a sentence. ABSOLUTE PHRASE: Noun followed by participle used as and adjective. Noun "ing" GERUND PHRASE: Begin with "ing' verb. Can NOT be taken out or used as the subject or object of the sentence. "ing" noun form of verb. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: Always function or act as adjectives or adverbs; tell position, direction and or relation.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

Act as adjectives or adverbs; tell position, direction and or relation. ex. The bird flew ____ the tree. ...under the overgrown garden ...the note FROM BEVERLY.

Melancholy (adjective or noun)

Affected w/or showing MELANCHOLY (noun) Mournful or depressed Noun def- A gloomy state of mind, often habitual or prolonged. Depression, sober thoughtfulness ex. Romeo's MELANCHOLY at the start of Romeo and Juleit, which is ironic considering whats to come. ex. A MELANCHOLY mood fell over the room after hearing the depressing news.

PARTICIPLE(IAL) PHRASE always adj

Always function as adjective A group of words beginning with a participle (ing, or adverb) that acts as and adjective. Generally follow or precede the noun they modify May be modified by prepositional phrases and can be quite long. ex. CRUNCHING CARAMEL CORN for the entire movie the lady next to me was driving me nuts. (True story????) ex. WASHED WITH SOAP AND WATER the dishes were clean. ex. The water drained slowly in the pipe CLOGGED WITH DOG HAIR. ex. FLYING THROUGH THE AIR, Ironman saves the day. ex. LOOKING TO IMPROVE HIS GRADE, the student in Mez's English 2 class practiced his PARTICIPIAL PHRASES.

Aloof

At a distance, especially in feeling or interest; apart (adverb) Reserved or reticent; indifferent; disinterested (adjective) ex. The boy stood ALOOF at the dance. It appeared he was to shy to ask anyone to tango. ex. The ALOOF coach never got to know her players well. Synonyms: cold, detached

GERUND PHRASE

Begins with noun form of verb ending in -ing, plus any modifiers or complements, like participle phrases, however they act like nouns. Gerunds can not be taken out or used as the subject or object of the sentence. ex. EATING ICE CREAM ON A WINDY DAY can be a messy experience if you have long, untamed hair. ex. A more disastrous activity for long haired people is BLOWING GIANT BUBBLE GUM BUBBLES WITH THE CAR WINDOWS DOWN. ex. PLAYING ULTIMATE FRISBEE was a downright dangerous activity. ex. The student PRACTICED WRITING gerund phrases. ex. SLEEPING IN PAST NOON is the only way to live.

Benevolent (adjective)

Characterized by or expressing goodwill and kindly feelings. Desire to help others; charitable Synonyms: good, kind, generous Antonyms: mean, evil, selfish, cruel ex. She was extremely BENEVOLENT.

Ostentatious (adjective)

Characterized by or given to pretentious or conspicuous show in an attempt to impress others. Intent to attract attention. Synonyms: Garish, grandiose, flamboyant, flashy, showy ex. Visitors should avoid wearing expensive jewelry displaying large sums of cash in public, or otherwise appearing OSTENTATIOUS.

Amicable (adjective)

Characterized by showing goodwill; friendly; peaceable ex. Despite their differing political ideologies, the relatives managed to have an AMICABLE debate- they don't really agree but they try to make it better. ex. break-ups and divorce

Comaraderie

Comradeship, good fellowship Synonym: Brotherhood ex. Working for a common cause fosters a good sense of CAMARADERIE on a soccer team.

Assiduous

Constant or unremitting in effort working at a task Synonyms: tireless, persistent, studious, diligent Antonyms: lazy ex. The teacher ASSIDUOUSLY edited my paper.

Nonchalant (adjective)

Coolly unconcerned, indifferent, or unexcited; casual Synonyms: Cool, calm collected, composed ex. The students took the test in a NONCHALANT manner. Their grades appeared not to matter to them. ex. The NONCHALANT waiter took forever to get us soda refills. ex. Mary is a typical adolescent, masking her insecurities with a NONCHALANT air.

Haughty (adjective)

Disdainfully proud; snobbish;scornfully arrogant; supercilious Synonyms: Lordly, disdainful, contemptuous Antonyms: Humble, unassuming ex. Next to the palm tree, three HAUGHTY girls with pocket mirrors gossip as they apply their makeup. ex. The teacher's HAUGHTY tone caused many students to resent him.

Incredulous

Disinclined or indisposed to believe; skeptical; indicating or showing disbelief. Synonyms: Unbelieving, doubtful, unsure, irresolute ex. Mr. Mezena was INCREDULOUS when only 2 students showed up for help during ASR.

GERUNDS & PARTICIPLES

Easily mistakable because they contain the same elements. ex. LEARNING ABOUT GRAMMAR (participle), Timmy realized that LEARNING ABOUT GRAMMAR (gerund-noun of sentence) was hard. Participle: WALKING ON THE BEACH, Delores dodged jellyfish that had washed ashore. Gerund: WALKING ON THE BEACH is painful if jellyfish have washed ashore. Participle: You can pull out of a sentence, usually have comma at the beginning especially. Gerund: You can't pull out and acts as a noun.

Betrothed

Engaged to be married ex. Don't think about courting her, she is already BETROTHED. Betroth (verb): To arrange the marriage of; To promise to marry ex. They were BETROTHED at the age of six. Betrothal (Noun): An engagement; arranged marriage

Pedantic

Excessively showy in one's learning Overly concerned with minute detail, especially in teaching Synonyms: Know-it-all ex. While my English teacher was technically correct, he was being quite PEDANTIC. ex. Frank's presentation in US history had more to do with him being PEDANTIC than presenting anything interesting.

Tranquil (adjective)

Free from commotion or tumult. Peaceful, quiet, calm. Free from disturbing emotions; serene Antonyms: Agitated ex. situated under a canopy of pin trees, it provides a peaceful and TRANQUIL location for treatment of addictive disorders.

Querulous (adjective)

Full of complaints; complaining; characterized by or uttered in complaint; peevish Synonyms: Petulant, testy, discontent ex. He can be quite QUERULOUS, especially when it comes to homework.

Rancorous

Full of or showing rancor Noun: bitter resentment or ill will; hatred; malice Synonyms: Bitterness, spite, venom, animosity ex. With the RANCOROUS members not returning, the parliament was able to function smoothly.

Solemn (adjective)

Grave, somber or mirthless as in the face, speech, tone or mood ex. His SOLEMN expression. ex. Her SOLEMN comments set the tone for the meeting. Gravely or somberly impressive; causing serious thoughts or a grave mood ex. The SOLEMN music had all the parishioners in tears.

Fortuitous (adjective)

Happening or produced by chance; fortune, lucky ex. It was a FORTUITOUS occasion, our running into one another this evening. ex. The archaeologist made a FORTUITOUS discovery at the Mayan dig. Use it in a "HAPPY" way ex. Boy it was FORTUITOUS that you won that lottery ticket.

Clairvoyant (adjective)

Having or claiming to have the power of seeing objects or actions beyond the range of natural human vision Synonyms: psychic, telepathic, prescient, visionary, prophetic ex. His younger sisters had joked that he was CLAIRVOYANT b/c he could see imaginary friends.

Fervent (adjective)

Having or showing great warmth, intensity, or spirit; enthusiasm Synonyms: Fevered, impassioned, passionate ex. The teacher became a FERVENT supporter of the no homework policy. ex. The FERVENT cheers from the crowd helped the Badgers make a second half comeback!

COMPARISONS CLAUSES

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE: Complete idea with subject and verb SUBORDINATE/DEPENDENT CLAUSE: Incomplete idea with subject and verb. TYPES: Adverb, Adjective and Noun ADVERBIAL CLAUSE: Tells when, how, why and under what condition. Begin with ABBI SAW A WUWU...words know as subordinating conjunctions..."because" ADJECTIVE CLAUSE: Tells which one, how many and how much. Begin with relative pronouns, who, whom, which, and that. NOUN CLAUSE: Acts as noun in sentence. Begin with whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever.

Indefatigable (adjective)

Incapable of being tired out; not yielding to fatigue; untiring Synonyms: Preserving, tireless ex. She was an INDEFATIGABLE promoter of world travel, feeling it broadened the mind and was good for the soul. ex. Mr. Bitter, a Clark Street teacher, is an INDEFATIGABLE runner. That's on of the reasons he holds the world record for the 100 mile race.

Deleterious (adjective)

Injurious to one's health Synonyms: Hurtful, destructive Antonyms: Beneficial ex. Unfortunately, the DELETERIOUS insects emerged more pestilent and plentiful than ever.

CONJUNCTION

Join words or groups of words. Conjunctions come in 3 flavors: coordinating, subordinating, and phases. Coordinating: used to join subjects, predicates, clauses and phases. For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So - FANBOYS Join subjects: Liono AND Pumra were my favorite thundereds. Join objects: When I went to the movies, I ordered popcorn AND soda. They also join clauses to create compound sentences. ex. I like to eat Mexican food, so I run to the bathroom often. ???MOM

Ephemeral (adjective)

Lasting a very short time; short lived ex. Before we had the record, music was an entirely EPHEMERAL art. ex. Little is EPHEMERAL these days, thanks to technology. ex. Fall helps us appreciate the beauty that is in fall. ???MOM

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

May or may not be set off by commas What kind, how many, which one Will contain subject and verb Begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, or which) Can't stand alone ex. WHOSE big, brown eyes pleaded for another ex. THAT bounced across the kitchen floor ex. WHO hiccuped for seven hours afterwords NO COMMA: The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious. COMMA: Broccoli, WHICH is often left uneaten, is very nutritious. Who (sometimes), Which: use commas That: doesn't use commas

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (adjective)

Modifies a noun Tells: Which one, how many, how much Adjective phrases follow the noun they modify ex. The athletes practice their sport (IN THE GYM) (ON MONDAY). ex. The book (ON THE TABLE) (IN THE ENGLISH CLASSROOM), is Barbara's book. ex. The old woman(describing woman), in the house, ate spaghetti (adjective)

ADVERB

Modifies a verb, adjective, or an adverb -tell how, why, or under what condition -often but not always, end in "-ly" -are never essential in understanding a sentence ex. The EXTREMELY large bear FURIOUSLY growled at the unsuspecting campers.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (adverbial)

Modifies an adverb; is know as an adverb phrase ex. The bird flew ____ the storm. Starts and ends with a noun Phrases tell: When, how, or why ex. The students worked..... ....through the night ....into the wee hours of the night. ....after the bell. Despite the beautiful sunshine outside, ...... ......beyond what was expected of them. ex. The old woman (describing woman), ate the spaghetti messily (with a lack of care).

COMPARISONS

NOUN: Functions as subjects and objects VERBS: Show action, verbs may act as other parts of speech (gerund/participle) NON-ESSENTIAL: Adjectives & Adverbs ADJECTIVES (modify nouns): answer What kind? How many? and How much? ADVERBS (modify verbs & adjectives): answer When? Why? How? and Under what condition? CONJUNCTIONS: Join words, phrases or clauses PRONOUN: Takes the place of nouns (antecedent)

NOUN CLAUSE

Noun clauses act as nouns in a sentence If you take the noun clause out of the sentence it won't make any sense. Begin with relative pronouns just like adjective clauses (subject and verb) NOT Noun Clauses: Who, whom, whoever, which; that, what, whose ex. The BURRITO gave me HEARTBURN - just nouns Not Noun Clauses ex. WHAT I HAD FOR BREAKFAST gave me heartburn just nouns Not Noun Clauses (noun clause-can be replaced) ex. My 7th hour class bores me. ex. Whatever class I have 7th hour bores me. ex. Whichever rabbit was fast enough escaped the hunter's clutches.

Mundane (adjective)

Of or pertaining to this world, earthly; Common, ordinary, banal ex. What I fear is my comments in class are trite and MUNDANE. ex. The MUNDANE form of piracy is scary enough compared to Captain Jack. ex. I don't have a busy weekend, just some MUNDANE chores around the house.

Incessant(ly) (adjective)

On and on and on and on w/o stopping Continuing w/o interruption; ceaseless unending ex. The INCESSANT noise of the heater in the back of the room drove me nuts.

COMMA RULE

Place a comma after an introductory element. ex. After this presentation is over (,) you will be better students ex. Screaming wildly (,) Arms waving (,) After the second half (,) However (,) Because the game was close (,)

COMMA RULE

Place a comma between a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) joining 2 independent clauses ex. The woman went to the store (,) and she bought 5 large turkeys ex. The woman went to the store and bought 5 large turkeys. (NO comma b/c they are not 2 independent clauses) ex. I want to watch the playoff game (,) yet I want to read my thrilling, best-selling book.

COMMA RULE

Place a comma between coordinate adjectives those that each modify a noun separately. Adjectives are coordinate if they can be joined with "and" ex. Six small clear bottles were placed on our table Six AND small AND clear - doesn't make sense ex. After the fall, Craig found himself in intense (,) excruciating pain. intense AND excruciating ex. The enormous (,) ravenous bear lumbered towards us.

COMMA RULE

Place a comma between series use before and, can be used between phrases also ex. Corey made us eggs (,) bacon (,) sausage (,) hash browns (,) and waffles for breakfast. ex. During the circus, the trapeze artists flew through the air (,) over the amazed crowd (,) and onto the net many feet below.

Intrepid (adjective)

Resolutely fearless, dauntless Synonyms: Bold, daring, courageous Antonyms: Timid, shy ex. Those who dare attempt skydiving are considered INTREPID by most of their peers. (That's your mom and dad!!)

Acute (adjective)

Sharp or severe in effect; intense; extremely great or serious; crucial; critical; sharp or penetrating in insight, intelligence, or perception Antonyms: Dull, unimportant, obtuse ex. Due to the ACUTE pain in her knee, the golfer couldn't continue. ex. An ACUTE shortage of oil led to the recession. ex. The child's ACUTE math skills caused her to be considered precocious.

Pungent

Sharply affecting the organs of smell or taste, as if by a penetrating power; bitter Acutely distressing to the feelings or mind; poignant Caustic, biting, or shortly expressive Synonyms: Hot, peppery, sharp; Sarcastic, cutting ex. The PUNGENT odor of the varsity lockeroom stunk up all of the varsity hallway. ex. The students PUNGENT smell.....

Solicitous

Showing consideration, concern, attention; anxious desires/eager Synonyms: mindful, attentive ex. She is SOLICITOUS about colleagues concerned about friends, and worried about the world. ex. He was always SOLICITOUS to please, hoping for the approval of others.

VERBS

Shows action or sate of being, shows what the subject is doing- describe the subject by linking to an adjective ex. The extremely large bear ferociously GROWLED at the unsuspecting campers.

Reclusive (adjective)

Shut off or apart from the world; Living in seclusion; characterized by seclusion. Synonyms: Solidarity, secluded, isolated, hermit-like ex. The RECLUSIVE cats are seldom seen but leave their mark by footprints in the snow and other physical evidence. ex. The RECLUSIVE teacher spent each prep and lunch in her room.

Resilient (adjective)

Spring back; Rebounding; (Person) returning to original form or position after being bent; compressed or stretched Synonyms: Elastic, flexible, springy ex. After the tragedy, the president asked her country to be RESILIENT.

Reconciliation (noun)

The act of reconciling; to make consistent or compatible; to settle a fight or quarrel or dispute. ex. The two political parties hoped to RECONCILE their differences and make progress in Washington. ex. The sinner yearned for RECONCILIATION from his deity.

Tithe (noun/verb)

The tenth part of agricultural procedure or personal income set aside as an offering for God or to support the church; any tax or levy (verb); To give or pay a TITHE or a tenth. ex. My neighbors TITHE through automatic withdrawal. That way the Church gets their money whether or not they go.

ANTECEDENT

The word to which a pronoun refers ex. Bob and sally took our THEIR pencils and wrote a baseline essay. (A:Bob and Sally P:their) Each of the students used (his/her) pencil to write the baseline.

Impute (verb)

To attribute or ascribe to someone (especially fault, not positive things) To attribute something to discredit a person ex. It was wrong of me to IMPUTE you for the failure of the dinner party when I was the one who did not properly plan the event. ex. Even though my sister had broken the window, she tried to IMPUTE the damage onto me. ex. The foolish drunk driver tried to IMPUTE the accident on the bar that made the strong drinks.

Recede (verb)

To move or go away; to retreat; to go toward a more distant point; withdraw Synonyms: retire, retreat, withdraw ex. At low tide, the water RECEDES from the shore, sometimes revealing treasures.

Feign (verb)

To represent fictitiously; to put on an appearance of; to invent fictitiously, as a story; to imitate deceptively Synonyms: Pretend, fake, front, sham, counterfeit ex. Car salesmen FEIGN outrage, but they know how the game is played. ex. To avoid turning his paper in, Jimmy FEIGNED sickness.

Usurp (verb)

To seize and hold (a position, office, power, etc.) by force or w/out legal right ex. The neighboring prince USURPED the throne of the king through force and cunning. INCORRECT- I usurped my friends pencil when he wasn't looking. not-steal POWER (take a position by force)

Emulate (verb)

To try to equal or excel. To imitate with effort in order to equal or surpass. Synonyms: Imitate, copy ex. Daughters often EMULATE their mothers. ex. He was the kind of role model they wanted to EMULATE: honest, kind, and benevolent.

Precocious

Unusually advanced or mature in development; Prematurely developed as in the mind or facilities. ex. The PRECOCIOUS student was asked to skip a grade during elementary school. ex. A 4 year old reading Harry Potter would be PRECOCIOUS.

COMMA RULE

Use a comma to set off a non restrictive element. Non-restrictive element- describes a word whose meaning already is clear ex. Scooby Doo (,) one of my favorite cartoon characters (,) lives snacks ex. The Mystery Machine (,) which appears in most episodes (,) is a famous cartoon vehicle

COMMA RULE

Use a comma to set off parenthetical and contrasting elements. PARENTHETICAL- ex. The packers were playing their best at the end of November, but of course, they usually so well at the end of the season ex. Evolution, so far as we know, doesn't work this way. ex. Mr. Haugen, as a matter of fact, is an excellent drummer CONTRASTING- ex. It was her money, not her charm or personality, that first attracted him. ex. I am a doctor, not a miracle worker.

Disdain (verb/noun)

VERB: To look upon or treat with contempt, really hate - they are lower than you ex. The coach DISDAINED reporters, he never gave an interview. NOUN: A feeling of contempt for anything considered unworthy; haughty contempt; scorn ex. The vegetarian had great DISDAIN for anyone who ate meat more than once a week. ex. We should never filterart for the DISDAIN it may invoke has DISDAIN for....(unsure where this example goes???MOM)

Vigil (noun)

Wakefulness maintained for any reason during the normal hours of sleeping; A period of watchful attention maintained at night or other times. ex. The nurse kept her VIGIL at the bedside of the dying man. ex. There was a sunrise to sunset VIGIL to observe the great horned owl. ex. a homework VIGIL

Prudent (adjective)

Wise or judicious in practical affairs; sagacious; careful in providing for the future; Wise with money Synonyms: Sensible, economical, frugal, thrifty ex. Going out after the dance was not a PRUDENT decision but we were young and looking for fun.

ABSOLUTE PHRASES

You could choose Absolute and participle phrases do the same thing Participle: Waving his arms wildly Absolute: Arms waving wildly, legs quivering Her (can be in front) arms folded across her chest. "ing" come after the noun ABSOLUTE: noun "ing" ex. Arms waving, the boy...... PENCILS SCRIBBLING, the students copied down another example of an absolute phrase. Noun followed by participle used as an adjective. PARTICIPLE: "ing" noun - can take out ex. Waving his arms, he....... GERUND: "ing" noun verb (is, can be, etc) ex. Waving his arms is an important part of his culture.

NOUN

person, place, thing or idea Proper noun- capitalized (specific important- name, (statue vs. the Statue of Liberty)) Common noun- regular ex. The extremely large BEAR furiously growled at the unsuspecting CAMPERS.

Ceasless(ly) (noun or adverb)

without stop or pause; unending Synonyms: incessant, interminable ex. To earn the grades she did, she studied CEASELESSLY. ex. The silly teacher CEASELESSLY made bad puns.