English

Verdeber

According to ______, a subject is a broad area of knowledge, such as psychology, baseball and so on. a topic on the other hand is some specific aspect of a subject

50%

__% of meaning conveyed in a convo is expressed through the face

testimony/expert opinions

__________ of people who are acknowledge in their field can support your speech

anecdotes and narratives

___________ are sort and amusing stories while _________ are personal accounts, tales or experiences that are lengthier than the anecdote

subject

a broad area of knowledge such as psychology and baseball

since this speech is written out and read, it provides you, the speaker, with the assurance that you will be able to deliver your speech the way you have prepared it, with the exact ideas you want to present and the precise words you have used to express these ideas

advantage of manuscript speech

you can plot out ahead of time the best wording throughout the speech

advantage of memorized speech

- prepared = confident, you are more relaxed & self-assured - conveys the impression that you are really sincere, concerned, and informed, and that you want your audience tor receive and remember what you say

advantages of extemporaneous speech

- you can present your ideas, make appeals or disseminate info at a time most appropriate or most needed by your listeners. what you say may have great value and impact - it can often raise you stock --improve your image-- in the minds of your audience

advantages of impromptu speech

examples

an _____ is a specific case used to represent people, ideas, experiences and so on. in writing a speech, use concrete _______ to get the attention of your audience

organization

an impromptu speech should be organized. there are some techniques you can use to help present your ideas in a clear, organized manner even at the spur of the moment

age gender education religion culture geographic uniqueness group affiliation/membership

analyzing the audience (7)

spatial order

arrange the main points of your speech from top to bottom, left to right, front to back, or some other route. describing a person place or thing

accent, voice, breathing, voice production

aspects of effective speaking

Intro - attention getter - preview Discussion - main points - logical arrangement -supporting data Conclusion - review - memorable statement

basic format of impromptu speech

internet search

browse through any reference portal, online encyclopedia or any subject-based website

inflections

changes in pitch, important to effective vocal delivery

quotation

choose a ________ that summarizes or gives the essential points of your main idea

ethos

credibility of the speaker as a good person who knows what he is talking about

- speak with confidence - maintain contact w/ audience - avoid saying ah, so, ya know - stop at the end of an idea - maintain good posture - speak loud - gesture - appear to enjoy - appear confident & relaxed - speak w/ enthusiasm - hide your goofs or blunders - sit down when you are done

delivery techniques for impromptu speech

a more than adequate preparation is required of you as a speaker because its success largely depends on your skill in speaking fluently without any word-for-word preparation

disadvantage of extempo

-easy to perform poorly since as a speaker, you feel the need to speak even when you have nothing to say. results in rambling, wandering and wasting time - makes anyone nervous.

disadvantages of impromptu speech

effective delivery is not assured because maintaining eye contact is difficult adapting the content or the style of your prepared speech to the speaking situation is equally difficult especially when there are conditions you have not envisioned when writing the speech like the type of audience you will have

disadvantages of manuscript speech

- difficult to deliver with feelings, sincerity and spontaneity - possibility of forgetting words is very high - take time to memorize

disadvantages of memorized speech

- establish a purpose - gather data - organize the data -practice

easy four-step process for extempo speech

logical order

either deductive or inductive order is used.

pathos

emotional appeal in the form of pity, sorrow, or compassion

gestures

enhance speech by using these that emphasize words or phrases to describe physical objects or events and to point out directions or location

- captivate the attention of the audience and to amuse them while you, the speaker, deliver your speech - heard on special occasions (toast, wedding, acceptance speech, motivational speech); hence, it is also called "special-occasion speech." - this type should be adapted to the occasion, the audience, and the length of time allotted for it - most speeches belong to this category

entertaining speech

conclusion

final part of speech

- establish the purpose - gather data - organize the data - write a full script - practice

five step process for manuscript speech preparation

inductive order

give the supporting details before stating the topic sentence

Simon Buchknall of Toastmasters

he says that a speech title is important because it is the headline for your speech and provides a big opportunity to influence your audience. he suggests that a speaker thinks of a title that is pronounceable includes a memorable hook and is relevant to the content of the speech

vocal variety

helps emphasize meaning and create interest in your speech

statistics

identify the source of your _______ and use visual aids

appeal to action

if the goal of your speech is to motivate your audience to act, you can use this

creative title

if you want to attract the attention of the audience, think of a ____________ __________

comparisons

if you want to use these in your speech, utilize features that are relevant.start w/ similarities before differences

- provides knowledge - help audience understand topic to allow them to make an educated choice or decision - may be about a person, a place or an event - you need to have descriptions and definitions as well as adequate visual aids examples: reports, lectures and demonstrations

informative speech (4)

dramatic pauses

intentional breaks to bring out the meaning of a specific passage, can help the listener focus on a startling fact or create a moment that allows him to experience an emotion

volume

it is the intensity or loudness and softness of your voice

logos

logical appeal, e.g., whether the speaker's argument makes sense

personal inventory

make a quick ______of your vocation, hobbies and special interests. jot down anything that comes to your mind no matter how irrelevant it may seem

115- 150 words per minute

most desirable speaking rate falls somewhere between

causal order

most speakers start with causes of the problem, event or situation and then proceed to its effects

time/chronological order

narrates a series of events as they happen. u can use this in speeches that tell a story, explain a process or demonstrate how to do something

key points

no matter what your subject is, three words can help you get your thoughts and organize what you are going to say: past, present and future

quotation

one way to arouse the interest of your audience is to start with a quotation

- convince the audience to change their views - you can make use of three modes of persuasion: pathos, ethos and logos - examples are debates, legal proceedings and sales talks

persuasive speech (3)

posture, movement, gestures, eye contact, facial expressions

physical or bodily aspects include: (5)

content, organization, delivery

practical tips for impromptu speech delivery

present a definite point of view, support your point of view, present at least some specific data, link your speech to what previous speakers have said

practical tips in impromptu (content)

- choosing the subject and topic - analyzing the audience - sourcing the info - outlining and organizing speech content

principles for the various steps in speech writing (4)

organization meetings, ambush interviews, classroom discussions

situations like the ff call for an impromptu speech (3)

presentation of high-level awards, welcoming very important dignitaries, speaking contests, oratorical competitions

situations requiring memorized speeches (4)

college lectures, powerpoint, reports to gov agencies, informational speeches, talks about a trip, study, hobby or event, fund-raising and informal campaigns

situations that call for an extempo speech

establish the purpose, gather data, organize the data, write the full script, memorize, practice

six step process for memorized speech preparation

topic

some specific aspect of a subject

deductive order

start with the topic sentence, which is general followed by specific details such as reasons, examples, facts or explanations that support the topic sentence

- write a thesis statement - main points as complete sentences - determine the best order for your speech - write your intro - write the body - write your conclusion - title

steps to make the outline and organize the content of your speech (7)

clustering

take a sheet of paper and divide it into eight columns: people, places, things, events, processes, concepts, natural phenomena and problems

rate

the ____ of speech is the number of words an individual utters in one minute

sourcing the info

the advent of the internet has made researching very easy because of the enormous number of materials that are readily available

summary

the easiest way to wrap up a speech is to give the gist of the main points of your speech

impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, memorized

the four types of speeches based on the manner or style in which they are delivered are: ______, ____, _____, __________

pause

these are breaks or interruptions in speech that separate thoughts and ideas

quotations

these help explain and give life to speeches

facial expressions

these help to reinforce your words. they should clearly support your verbal message

definitions

these make the meaning of a word clear. they can help you prove a certain point or idea

audiovisual aids

these materials allow you to present your speech through the ______/________ channels

delivery

these techniques may help you deliver your impromptu speech effectively

voice quality

this can add to or detract from an individual's speech

appearance

this can support or detract the communication process.

pronunciation

this describes the combination of vowels, consonants, syllables, and accents a speaker uses to emphasize a specific word

rhetorical question

this does not need to be answered; it just needs to be thought about or reflected on

simple expression of subject

this is a direct way of capturing the main idea of your speech

memorized speech

this is another type of speech that requires the use of exact wording but reading from a manuscript is inappropriate, so you, as speaker, need to commit the speech to memory

manuscript speech

this is presented when exact wording is required, such as in presenting policies, contracts, and scientific reports. it is written out word for word and is delivered by reading the script to the audience

visual delivery

this is the nonverbal aspect of communication. this aspect is important because we communicate many of our thoughts and feelings non-verbally through facial expressions, eye contact or body movements

eye contact

this is very important in visual delivery, through the _____, you can reach the intellect and emotion of your audience and gauge their feedback to your ideas

write the body of ur speech

this is where you go into full detail of each major point of your speech

problem-solution order

this order recognizes the existence of a problem followed by suggestions to solve the given problem

delivery

this refers to the actual presentation of the speech. it consists of vocal and physical elements

articulation

this refers to the clarity and enunciation of your words, phrases and sentences in a speech. audience must be able to undertand

pitch

this refers to the highness or lowness of sounds

quality

this refers to the sound or timbre of the voice. it is the element that makes each speaker's voice unique

extemporaneous speech

this type of speech gives you an opportunity to prepare. you deliver it by referring occasionally either to your outline or to your brief notes, which may help you recall specific points and ideas. you do not however write the whole speech nor memorize it

- predict when you may be called - keep up with developments - have a few good stories & remarks ready

three suggestions for impromptu speeches

personal inventory, clustering, internet search

to brainstorm for topics, bear in mind the principles (3)

objects models overhead projector chalkboards/electronic boards graphs, charts or diagrams maps or slides motion pictures, video recordings or audio recordings computer-generated graphics

types of audio-visual aids that you may choose from

informative, persuasive, entertaining

types of speeches according to purpose

emotional/dramatic statement

use this specifically if you are writing a persuasive speech

emphasis

used when you make changes in your rate, volume, and pitch to highlight significant words and sentences

question

using a _______ as your title can be thought-provoking to your audience

voice, pitch, rate, volume, articulation and pronunciation

vocal elements include the speaker's : (6)

story

we enjoy listening to stories, especially if they are dramatic or suspenseful. make sure it's relevant

impromptu

you are asked to speak on the spot, and you do not know ahead of time that you will be speaking before a group

phrasing

you group words and sentences into units of thought to make ideas easier to understand

startling statement

you may begin with a shocking or intriguing statement

body position and movement

your stance, position, poise and body movement can also contribute to your communication good posture = appear more prepared