Env ch 2
Because of rising environmental and social costs of economic activity, the
Gap between GDP and GPI/ISEW has increased
If current energy consumption trends continue in the per capita income of the world increase dramatically, we would expect that
Global climate change will be a greater problem
Which of the following best describes green economies compared to brown economies?
Green economies will embrace technologies that reduce pollutants and increase efficiency
Environmental public policy
Transfers the wealth from polluters to pollution controllers and to less polluting companies
As of 2015, it is clear that public opinion in the United States
Trusts the EPA much more than commercial special interest to oversee the national environment
Which of the following represents a market approach to environmental policy?
Using a cap and trade system to control the levels of carbon dioxide released into the air
Shadow pricing could be used to estimate the
Value of an endangered species of plant
A large step toward the illumination of poverty and the reduction of resource consumption could be made possible if there were cooperation among wealthier nations to reduce the amount of
Wasted food and water
The elimination of leaded gasoline resulted in
a benefit to cost ratio of at least 10 to 1.
The recent rise of the Chinese economy is associated with
a switch to free-market policies.
In general, problems caused by economic activities are
addressed by laws and public policies
In general, careful and detailed economic studies indicate that environmental protection helps the environment
and does not hurt the economy or cost a net loss of jobs
Which of the following best describes what would happen in a community with increasing air and water pollution problems?
economy of the region would decline.
The Doha round of the world trade organization meetings have failed to reach agreement about
Farm subsides and trade barriers
Given the eventual response to ban DDT, the late 1960s most likely represented which stage of the policy lifecycle
Formulation
What level of pollution reduction gives the smallest benefit for money spent
From a 80 to 100% pollution reduction
From a global sustainability perspective, economic production
Is the process of converting the natural world the manufactured world
Considering the cost effectiveness of pollution control over a 25 year period, the most expensive. Period of pollution control is from years
0 to 5 while the least expensive is in years 20 to 25
A company near a large city is required to keep its smokestack pollution to new lower levels, costing the company $2 million in additional equipment and $100,000 a year in additional labor. Lowering the air pollutants in the region is expected to save $4 million in medical expenses in the affected region over the next 10 years. Over this ten-year period, the benefit to cost ratio is
4 to3
In many countries, the policy lifecycle will be in
A different stage for different problems, which is related to the stage of economic development of a country
In the years 2004 to 2010, the benefit to cost ratio
Always had more benefits than costs
Without the additional equipment and labor, the unregulated pollution is expected to cost about $4 million in health care costs. This pollution from the smokestacks is an example of
An External bad cost
Which of the following most accurately indicates the recent changes that have occurred in China?
As the Chinese economy has grown, industrial pollution and literacy have increase while poverty in public health has declined
The modern US environmental movement began as a
Broad bipartisan effort but has fractured into a contentious partisan debate with intense lobbying
Citizen science and citizen involvement in policy formulation
Can help move policymaking out of the hands of special interest groups into law
Which of the following is part of natural capital but not specifically ecosystem capital?
Coal and Oil reserves
In the classical view of economic systems, households
Consumer goods and services
Which of the following best describes biocapacity
Continue to economic growth by developing nations will further reduce planetary biocapacity
Today, DDT is no longer used in the United States because it is illegal. At this point, the issue has reached the
Control stage because of a command and control
Discount rates calculate the
Current value of the future benefit or cost
Cost of pollution control tend to
Decrease over time because of initial investment and reductions and new technologies
Which one of the following reduce net GDP?
Degradation of farm equipment
The classical economic paradigm and the new ecological economic paradigm differ in the way that
Each views the land, either as a resource within the human economy (classical) or as some thing that encompasses the economy (ecological)
The concept of sustainability requires that
Economic growth does not exceed the renewal of natural capital
A nation with a low GNP might actually be wealthier than it appears because GNP does not take into account
Ecosystem services and goods created by families
The world bank measures of GDP did not initially include the economic value of
Ecosystem services such as the breakdown of waste, climate regulation, and oxygen production
The ecological economic paradigm places the greatest emphasis on
Essential functions of the natural environment
Sustainable economic and environmental policies will shift the focus from
Growth to the well-being of humans
The world trade organization
Has shown bias in favoring trade agreements over human rights
The benefit of cost ratio of replacing chlorofluorocarbons in new cars was
Higher than predicted
Teaching people to use forests in a sustainable way to prodcue lawn furniture represents
Human capital affecting renewable resources, generating produced capital
The GDP and GPI/ISEW include calculations of the
Income from the sale of natural
Command and control approach is to environmental public policy
Increase the likelihood of continued low levels of pollution, not the elimination of pollution
In general, centrally planned economies are run to promote the
Interests of society, while free market economies depend on the self interests of individuals
The most difficult arena in which to attempt to gain consensus on environmental policy is
Internationa
People who are well aware of the damaging effects of mercury might insist that all fish that they eat be free for mercury. They may be alarmed even if mercury levels remain at very low levels, far below that known to cause harm. Insisting that mercury be completely eliminated from fish
Is not cost effective for the health benefits of complete illumination
The "rule of law index" is a measure of
Justice and the structure of social systems in the society
In the classical view of the economic system in this figure we expect businesses to prosper when
Labor costs are low and household incomes rise
Which part of the government is responsible for passing public policy laws
Legislative branch
Environmental policies
May be cost neutral or may come at a monetary cost, depending on the time frame for their evaluation
One way to participate in the development of environmental policies is to become a member of NGO. What is an NGO?
NGO stands for non-governmental organization
Unlike high income countries, low income countries rely most on there
Natural capital
What do the GDP in the world bank both failed to include in their measures of wealth?
Natural services provided by ecosystems
Natural capital includes ecosystem capital plus
Nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels
Millions of human lives could be saved if countries developed environmental policies that
Prevent the do you gradation of the environment and encouraged sustainable use
Sustainable development and the protection of public health require
Public policies that protect the environment
The preparation and publication of the book silent spring represented which stage of the policy lifecycle?
Recognition
Large stocks of fish in the great lakes represent
Renewable natural capital
Centrally planned and free market economies both
Represent ideals not found in pure form in any country
Today, environmental regulations in the United States
Requires substantial scientific support and strong political efforts
Which is an example of produced Capitol?
Stocks and bonds
A nations such as France which has a rich and ancient cultural heritage, a strong and sophisticated democracy and legal system and well established programs of education and creative arts would have
Strengths in all aspects of intangible capital
Which of the following is least associated with economics?
Studying the sky, a child looks for faces in the clouds.
The best hope for the future global economy and environmental policy depends upon
Sustainability
How does the EPA affect environmental policy?
The EPA develops rules and regulations based on laws passed by Congress.
Considering the availability of ecosystem goods and services,
The amount of ecosystem goods and services has declined between 1969 and the present
Which of the following about US pollution levels is true
The average levels of lead in the blood of children have declined by 90%
In the classical view of economic activity if the number of households in a region increases,
The demand for labor will increase
Which of the following is not included in the calculation of the GNP of a coal mine
The depletion of coal from the Mine
Which of the following represents intangible capital?
The library of the Smithsonian Institute
From an ecological economist's perspective, without sustainability, as economies grow,
The natural world is depleted
In a free market society,
The needs of the poor are often not met by business interests but instead by government programs
Which of the following represents a potentially sustainable process
The recycling of materials generated by human consumption
If you examine the trends in the GDP, the GPI/ISEW have remained fairly level because of
The rising environmental and social cost of economic activity
Rising per capita income is associated with
cleaner air and safer water.
Environmental public policy is intended to
improve human welfare and protect the natural world
Economic growth in China has led to extensive air and water pollution because of
inadequately enforced environmental protection policies.
In response to environmental problems the Chinese government has
increasingly relied upon local, non-governmental groups to monitor and respond
Environmental government policies and regulations are applied at the
local, state, and federal levels
Which of the following best illustrates an intergenerational consideration
reducing the harvest of blue fin tuna to sustainable levels
The ecological economic paradigm argues that the environment encompasses the economy because the environment is essential to provide
vital raw materials and ecosystem services and absorb wastes
