ESC 1000 Ch.1
Which of Earth's layers accounts for most of the volume of Earth?
mantle
Which of the following statements about differentiation are true? A. The Moon formed as a result of differentiation. B. The mantle formed as a result of differentiation. C. The Earth is round because of differentiation. D. The core formed as a result of differentiation.
mantle and core
The two most common gases of Earth's atmosphere are
nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2).
The Earth's magnetic field is generated by which of the following layers?
outer core
The geothermal gradient
refers to the rate of increase in temperature with increasing depth in the Earth.
Soil forms when ________ interact(s) with air, water, and organisms.
sediment
What is the stream of charged particles given off from the Sun called?
solar wind
Earth's layers in order from highest to lowest density.
Inner core Outer core Mantle Crust
Which of the following regions makes up the biggest percentage of the Earth's surface?
abyssal plains
Which of the following patterns would you observe if you started at sea level and traveled upward through the Earth's atmosphere to an elevation of 100 km?
changes from warming trends to cooling trends at distinct boundaries decreasing pressure decreasing density
planetesimals looked like inside
chondritic meteorites
Place in chronological order the events that led to life as we know it on Earth.
1. ocean formed 2. photosynthetic organisms appeared on earth 3. Oxygen accumulated atmosphere 4. multicellular life developed rapidly on earth
the birth of the Earth occurred approximately
4.54 Ga
Which of Earth's layers is the thinnest?
crust
Scientists have been able to determine the numerical age of the most important events in history by using a combination of radiometric age dating and mathematical modeling. Please put the accompanying events in order from youngest (top) to oldest (bottom).
formation of the moon formation of the Earth nuclear fusion in the proto-sun Big Bang
Earth's core
generates Earth's magnetic field.
The larger a planet or moon is, the more likely it is to
have a spherical shape.
Atoms that are heavier than iron are generally produced by
high-energy fusion reactions during the explosion of supernovae.
The earliest nebulas to form in the Universe were made almost entirely of
hydrogen and helium.
Chonological order the events that led to the formation of the Earth.
1) earth cleared it's orbit 2) the moon formed 3) volcanic activity occurred releasing gases 4) an atmosphere formed
describe the relationship between air pressure and altitude.
At the top of Mt. Everest, air pressure is less than 0.4 bars.
Formation of the Solar System, identify statements that are true of Earth. Choose one or more: A.It consists of equal amounts of refractory and volatile elements. B.It is homogenous. C.It formed from the third protoplanet from the Sun. D.It has one moon.
C. It formed from the third protoplanet from the Sun. D. It has one moon.
Formation of the Solar System, identify ways in which heavier elements form Choose one or more: A. in stars B. during the Big Bang C. during accretion D. during supernovae explosions
D. during supernovae explosions A. in stars
Rocky planets are closest to the Sun, and the gas and ice giants are farther away. Which of the following sequences places the planets in the correct order?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
The boundary separating the crust from the mantle is called the
Moho.
The Earth's atmosphere is mostly composed of which two gases?
Ni & O
Select the statements below that correctly describe where Earth's three most abundant elements (iron, oxygen, and silica) are located.
The majority of iron is located in the core. Silica is abundant in the mantle and crust. The majority of oxygen is located in the crust and mantle.
The leading hypothesis for the formation of our Moon states that it
was formed by the collision of Earth with a Mars-sized protoplanet.
