Essential knowledge #1: Natural selection is a major mechanism of evolution. Essential knowledge #2: Natural selection acts on phenotypic variations in populations. Essential Knowledge #3: Evolutionary change is also driven by random processes
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point mutation
a single mutation that changes only 1 letter in a gene
stabilizing selection
maintains the status quo by selecting the mean phenotype and against either extreme
directional selection
most common selection; selection for either one of the extremes and against the opposite extreme
fitness
refection of how well an organism survives and reproduces in a given environment due to a specific collection of genetic traits
disrupting selection
selection for both extremes and against the mean phenotype
chromosomes
super coiled DNA