Essentials of Nutrition Quiz 1

minerals

13 of these are used by the body to maintain health

starch & sugar

Carbohydrates are found in foods that contain:

nutrients

Chemical substances that are absorbed by the body through the process of digestion are called:

glucose

During digestion, carbohydrates are converted by enzymes into

fat

Excess fat, whether saturated or unsaturated, is stored as what in the body.

2-3

How many days can the body survive without water?

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

The 6 nutrients found in food.

60

The body is over ____ percent water.

5-6

The body loses approximately _____ pints of water a day through sweat, urine, and exhalation.

nutrition

The proper supply of nutrients essential for growth, reproduction, repair, immunity, and energy.

fats

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are dependent upon

fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins stored in fats cells; they do not have to be ingested daily

water soluble vitamins

Vitamins that are stored in the body for a short time; they should be ingested daily

essential amino acids

amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body and must be derived from food sources

macro elements

are needed by the body in large amounts in order to maintain good health.

trace elements

are needed by the body in small amounts

fatty acids

are organic acids that aid in the transportation and breakdown of cholesterol.

simple

carbohydrates do not take long to digest and cause blood sugar levels to rise quickly.

complex

carbohydrates require a prolonged process of digestion in order to be broken down into glucose and help maintain proper blood sugar levels.

enzymes

chemically alter the make-up of nutrients, changing them into a form that can be readily used by cells.

saturated

fats are found in animal products and some vegetables.

complete protein

food source that contains all the essential amino acids

incomplete proteins

food sources that do not contain all the essential amino acids

water

is the basis of good nutrition because it is essential to all forms of metabolism in the body.

calorie

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius.

carbohydrates

the body's primary and immediate source of energy.

glucose

the cell's main source of energy

catabolism

the conversion of nutrients into energy

protein

the nutrient that is essential to cellular construction, reproduction, and maintenance

metabolism

the process by which a cell converts nutrients into energy or materials

anabolism

the process by which the cells use nutrients to repair or build new tissues

cholesterol

used by the body to synthesize Vitamin D, maintain the proper functioning of nerve cells, keep skin soft and supple, and transport fat to cells.