Ethics exam 2

_____ are person-specific, whereas _____ are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to meet business objectives. a) Organizational factors; business ethics b) Codes of conduct; individual factors c) Individual factors; codes of conduct d) Business ethics; moral philosophies e) Moral philosophies; business ethics

Moral philosophies; business ethics

Which is not considered a white collar crime? a) Corporate tax evasion b) Credit card fraud c) Insider trading d) Identity theft e) Mugging someone

Mugging someone

External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision making framework? a) Individual factors b) Significant others c) Cognitive moral development d) Obedience to authority e) Opportunity

Opportunity

This philosophy stipulates acts are morally right or acceptable if they produce some desired result, such as realization of self-interest or utility. a) Teleology b) Deontology c) The relativist perspective d) Ethical formalism e) Hedonism

Teleology

Through time, an act can come to be viewed as unethical under which of the following philosophies and perspectives? a) The relativist perspective b) Teleology c) Deontology d) Egoism e) Rule deontology

The relativist perspective

For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following is not a usual justification to reduce and eliminate guilt? a) I need a paycheck and can't afford to quit right now. b) Those around me are doing it so why shouldn't I? c) If I don't do this, I might not be able to get a good reference from my boss when I leave. d) If I don't do this, I might never be promoted. e) This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct, so it is okay.

This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct so it is okay.

Which of the following types of leaders attempts to create employee satisfaction through bartering or negotiating for desired behaviors or level of performance? a) Pacesetting leaders b) Coercive leaders c) Transactional leaders d) Transformational leaders e) Affiliative leaders

Transactional Leaders

Which of the following types of leaders have a strong influence on coworker support and building an ethical culture through increasing employee commitment and fostering motivation? a) Transformational leaders b) Transactional leaders c) Coercive leaders d) Pacesetting leaders e) Authoritative leaders

Transformational Leaders

Which of the following attributes are necessary for ethical communication? a) Stakeholder compassion and reporting b) Proactivity and transparency c) Transparency and reporting d) Passion and dedication e) Passion and collaboration

Transparency and reporting

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences for everyone affected (seeks the greatest good for the greatest number)? a) Act deontology b) Rule deontology c) Egoism d) Utilitarianism e) Hedonism

Utilitarianism

Organizations that have ethics programs based on a _____ orientation are found to make a greater contribution than those based simply on compliance, or obeying laws and regulations. a) customer b) political c) principles d) values e) social

Values

Which of the following statements about power is true? a) The five bases of power are mutually exclusive. b) People generally use only one base of power to effect change in others. c) Expert power exists when one person takes actions that will lead that person and others to achieve their mutual objectives. d) Power can be used to motivate individuals ethically or unethically. e) The use of power is unethical.

Power can be used to motivate individuals ethically or unethically.

Moral philosophy refers to a) values developed in an organizational environment. b) the morality of business activities. c) the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong. d) the legality of business activities. e) the principles or rules that policymakers use to create legislation.

the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong.

_____ are used to subdivide duties within functional areas of a company. a) Work groups b) Individuals c) Experts d) Consultants e) Committees

work groups

When considering centralized and decentralized structures, which one tends to be more ethical? a) Decentralized because of the clear rules that dictate appropriate behavior in business b) Centralized because it is easier to uproot unethical activities c) Centralized because of the strict formalization and implementation of ethics policies and procedures d) Decentralized because they give employees more decision making authority e) Both types of organizational structure are equally ethical

Centralized because of the strict formalization and implementation of ethics policies and procedures.

_____ is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics. Over time, stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own. a) Oversight b) Significant others c) Corporate culture d) The ethical climate e) The legal climate

Corporate Culture

_____ justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship. a) Procedural b) Interactional c) Distributive d) Ethical e) Egotistical

Distributive

All of the following are true with regards to organizational factors except a) Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization. b) An alignment between a person's own values and the values of the organization help create positive organizational outcomes. c) Congruence in personal and organizational values is related to commitment, satisfaction, motivation, ethics, work stress, and anxiety. d) Ethical choices in organizations are most often made individually. e) Just as a family guides an individual, specific industries give behavioral cues to firms.

Ethical choices in organizations are most often made individually.

Which of the following cultures combines high levels of concern for people and performance? a) Apathetic culture b) Caring culture c) Integrative culture d) Exacting culture e) Cooperative culture

Integrative Culture

_____ deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones. a) Rights b) Virtue ethics c) Justice d) Relativism e) Egoism

Justice

Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process? a) Being socialized into the firm's corporate culture b) Applying a personal moral philosophy in order to individualize the ethical decision making process c) Recognizing that an ethical issue exists d) Soliciting the opinions of others in a work group or in the overall business in order to gain feedback e) Enforcing the firm's ethical standards with rewards and punishment

Recognizing that an ethical issue exists.

Which of the following is not an individual factor that affects business ethics? a) Nationality b) Age c) Religion d) Significant others e) Education

Significant Others

Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace? a) Peers b) Managers c) Spouses d) Coworkers e) Subordinates

Spouses

The _____ leader demands instantaneous obedience and focuses on achievement, initiative, and self-control. a) democratic b) coaching c) affiliative d) coercive e) pacesetting

coercive

The _____ leader demands instantaneous obedience and focuses on punishing wrong behavior, achievement, initiative, and self-control. a) democratic b) coaching c) affiliative d) coercive e) pacesetting

coercive

Leaders with a(n) _____ conflict management style desire to meet the needs of stakeholders and strongly adhere to organizational values and principles. a) avoiding b) competing c) compromising d) accommodating e) collaborating

collaborating

The _____ can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization. a) corporate culture b) intentions of a corporation c) ethical issue awareness d) determination of a corporation e) individual factors

corporate culture

Kohlberg's six stages of cognitive moral development can be reduced to three levels of ethical concern. Persons at the second level a) define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society. b) see beyond the norms, laws, and authority of groups or individuals. c) are concerned with their immediate interests and with external rewards and punishments. d) are concerned with their long-term interests and with internal rewards and punishments. e) are unethical.

define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society.

A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost, may be a(n) _____ because he believes in the rights of all individuals. a) egoist b) utilitarian c) deontologist d) relativist e) hedonist

deontologist

A coaching leader builds a positive climate by a) valuing people, their emotions, and their needs. b) focusing on communication across all layers of the organization. c) inspiring employees to follow their departmental leaders without question. d) focusing on achievement, initiative, and self-control. e) developing skills for success, delegating responsibility, and issuing challenging assignments.

developing skills for success, delegating responsibility, and issuing challenging assignments.

The idea that people learn ethical or unethical behavior while interacting with others who are a part of their role-sets is referred to as a) group norms. b) cognitive memory dissonance. c) cognitive association. d) differential association. e) casual interaction.

differential association

The most effective leaders possess the ability to manage themselves and their relationships with others effectively, a skill known as a) conflict management. b) group theory. c) collaboration. d) emotional intelligence. e) leader-follower theory.

emotional intelligence

The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, or organization is a) organizational culture. b) immediate job context. c) ethical issue intensity. d) leadership. e) locus of control.

ethical issue intensity

Ethical leadership should be based on a) holistic thinking that embraces the complex issues facing firms every day. b) a strong shareholder desire for profits. c) the opinions of a leader who defines success in terms of group gratification. d) short-term thinking that looks at the firm's health on a day-to-day basis. e) people who embrace a transactional style of leadership.

holistic thinking that embrace the complex issues facing firms every day.

Melinda is a very popular executive. She inspires her employees to follow a common vision, facilitates change, and creates a strongly positive climate, all while stressing performance. Melinda has helped to create a(n) _____ culture. a) authoritative b) caring c) integrative d) apathetic e) affiliative

integrative

In order for whistle-blowing to be effective, a) the individual must have indisputable proof of guilt. b) employees must wish ill on the organization for which they work. c) lawmakers must make an effort to force employees to discuss details about the misconduct. d) it requires that the individual have adequate knowledge of wrongdoing that could damage society. e) it must occur at a very large multinational corporation.

it requires that the individual have adequate knowledge of wrongdoing that could damage society.

When a foreman orders an assembly-line employee to carry out a task that the employee perceives as unethical, yet the employee feels compelled to do it because of the foreman's position, the foreman is exercising a) legitimate power. b) expert power. c) reward power. d) coercive power. e) referent power.

legitimate power

The apathetic organizational culture exhibits a) high concern for people but minimal concern for performance. b) little concern for people but a high concern for performance. c) minimal concern for people and performance. d) high concern for people and performance. e) no concern for maintaining a cohesive organizational culture.

minimal concern for people and performance

The _____ leader can create a negative climate because of the high standards that he or she sets. This style works best for attaining quick results from highly motivated individuals who value achievement and take initiative. a) authoritative b) affiliative c) democratic d) coaching e) pacesetting

pacesetting

Strong ethical leaders have a passion for all of the following except to a) do the right thing. b) be proactive c) consider stakeholder interests d) be role models for the organization and its employees. e) satisfy shareholders before other stakeholder groups.

satisfy shareholders before other stakeholder groups