Event Management Final
situational ethics
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Strategic Planning for Sustainability
-% per year changes - maybe keep some traditions with some small changes every year -expansion>fiesta of light, Glendale Glitter examples -Reinvention>worldport from college kids to families to World Music Festical -Continuous improvement>make it better
Most recent history of the profession
-1976 - Bi Centennial > produced by armatures 1)sideline to other professions 2)secretaries/admin assts. 3)had the skills and could adapt -1984 LA olympics >produced by professionals 1)sponsorship>$$$ 2)surging ahead>economic, cultural and social significance 3)media coverage -1980's - similar worldwide occurrences -Academic status > college>since early 1990's -IFEA:1990=200 USA/Canada 2005 = 5,000 worldwide -Most event planners still came into field from other professions, but times are rapidly changing
who are non profits
-27 types of non profits defined by IRS ->501.c3 - charitable ->501.c6 - association / fraternal -1.6 million non profits ->1.2 million serve general public ->.4 million seve members / professionals -1 out of every 15 Americans works for a non profit organization
ethical problem
very cut and dry
As a leader a professional is
visionary -respectful of creativity -employs strategy Courageous -self starter -autonomous -shows initiative Grounded in reality -faces hardness -aware of one's public image Ethical -principled... truthful, trusted -empathetic... hears, values, includes Motivated by Greatness -Passionate -mature Recognizes polarity -understands ambiguity -historically futuristic
De Lisle (USA)
special events = community benefits Festivals Local Business Needs of residents Tourism/jobs heritage/tradition economic impact community pride and development well- being Sense of Place All of this leads to very limited uniformity of accepted terms, concepts, definitions
Goldblatt (USA)
special events are: -always planned -always arouse expectations -always motivate by providing reason for celebration
Management Changes:
• 1-man shows to organizations • Amateurs to Professionals • Little education to essential education > continuing education • Females to more males > more $$$ • Local markets to global markets • No/low tech to high tech • From social control to making $$$ to experience
Event organizations are not typical
• Constant changes • Flat - boutiques What type of manager are you? Theory X vs. Theory Y
typology
special events can take many forms and the typology is extensive. they can include cultural celebrations such as commemorations, carnivals, festivals, religious events, parades, arts, and entertainment, but might also include business and trade fairs, as well as sporting, educational, recreational, political, or private events.
Page and Connel (UK)
temporary experience based on a unique combination of -timing -location -theme -design -ambience creative and complemented by -organizers -spectators -participants Stimulate emotional and sensual responses to -activity -place -society -environment
Organization Charts
• Flat because organizations are smaller (boutiques) • Everyone cross trained - jobs constantly changing to meet needs • Responsibilities divided > PHX vs. COG Professional (paid) staff • Full time • Part time and temps (weekend warriors) • Subcontractors > operations, business, services, vendors, entertainers + + +
Who are you? What do you really want to do?
• Irregular hours > long > nights & weekends • Social / family life • Mental and physical • Emotional ups and downs • Salary > work for others OR Entrepreneur > work for yourself • Leader > born > visionary • Manager > made > task master • Type A or type B
4 things required for an official profession
-Government sanction through licensing to exclude the non - qualified -accreditation by a governing body of educational delivery programs -set body of technical skills, theory, and occupational ethics -self regulation through professional associations and certification
examples of Leisure industry certifications
-IFEA = CFEE -IAEM = CEM -MPI = CMP -ISES = CSEP -IAFE = CFE
Experience design is included as part of all 5 basic elements program planning
-Rhetoric:stakeholders/marketing>The "Look">the experience (A-P-R) -Budget:resources,resources,resources -Staff:what can volunteers and boards really do? -Operations:facilities>equipment>waste management>utilities>other -Experience:activities>accessibility>ammenities>decor>green>other
event things
-Security - terror threats -Logistics - traffic and trash -Tourism
Combine experience and production MULT SENSORY - Designing with the 5 senses
-Tactile, smell, taste, visual, auditory -used by disney to create circulation -smell is the most powerful because of the memories and emotional responses it produces Find the right blend/mix/match
Building your own personal special event program planning outline
-an outline of what must be covered when producing a special event
Protocol - experience design + production design
-generally proper rules of etiquette and hospitality -how people are handled ->officals,dignitaries-titles ->seating plans ->order of appearance ->styles of address -sir, your honor -How objects are handled ->flags ->table settings -How situations are handled ->timing, length of speeches ->dress ->religious considerations ->cultural considerations ->awards ->media activities Best to check with governing bodies and authorities - protocol officer?
Public Policy and Cultural Events and Festivals
-increasingly important ->economic and community development, regeneration and facilities, pride and prestige, tourism ->deconstruct stereotypes, broaden horizons, community solidarity, social well being
Experience Design (MUST READ)
-it is not linear/ straight line -it is more web like, more kaleidoscopic -a big concept to put your arms around -think of the internet with millions of possibilities and options>example: booking an airline flight -event managers minds must mirror this concept -MUST CONSIDER EVERY POSSIBILITY AND CHALLENGE EVERY ASSUMPTION
cultural events and festivals defined
-many different things to different people. -very holistic and all encompassing -creative, artistic activity, with cultural products, services, and experiences produced including the preservation of heritage -should be defined in both conceptual and operational ways ->conceptual ->anthropology - nationalistic, religious, ethnicity, sexuality, community ->aesthetical- visual arts, performing arts, heritage ->Operational ->thing oriented ->people oriented
Unique things about sports management and marketing
-merchandise -admission prices -food and beverage (beer)
Characteristics of a professional
-motivated by ideals of service, not money -educated, and continues to be educated -belongs to professional organizations -contributes resources, times, and energy -becomes certified -insists on high standards -excludes the unqualified and unethical -is a team player -enjoys life
Characteristics of non profit events
-organized -private -non profit distribution of funds -self governed -voluntary -provide public benefits
Sporting events background and history
-organized sports events over 2,000 years old - informal prior to that -Greece and Rome - olympics, Ludi Romani -Chinese - marital arts, acrobatics -Egypt - hunting, polo -Aztecs - sports as celebration of Gods - Tachtli -Anglo Saxons - Plega = game/sport or fight / battle - knight tournaments -Latin - Plage =Stroke/blow thrust -Baseball - 1791, 1823 NYC Cibil war, semi pros in 1860's, double day is myth -Horseracing as sport - mid 1800's -Football (soccer) - 1860, Sheffield -Football (american) - Walter camp rules transform rugby in mid 1800's, colleges>pro 1892 -Basketball - Naismith 1891 -Tennis, golf, sailing - country club sports -in mid 1800's sports were about drinking, gambling, violence -end of 1800's sports were transformed into physical health, courage, discipline -sporting events were about spectatorship
Sports and event management Unique things about sports management and stakeholders
-participants and spectators -drugs and alcohol -safety and security >Boston, Super Bowl -crowd management,traffic,parking -fan levels - fanatics, fans, spectators
themes of festivals
-place/destination -pop culture -history>rituals, ceremonies -religious -patriotic -social causes -++++
What do social life cycle event planners do?
-plan and produce events -search out new business/promote their abilities
Sporting events typologies
-play - recreation - amateur (club, school) - professional -Local - regional - national - international - global (mega)
What affects the planning process?
-politics -the economy -demographics -psychographics -media -technology -culture -environment -urban conditions -trends->culture, health, sports, leisure, etc.
event managers work for
-private for profit commercial enterprises -non profit organizations - development -public organizations - primarily government
Social Life Cycle Events
-probably the oldest celebrations -sometimes called private events or functions or faith events -participants are typically individuals, family, social groups
Corporate events defined
-produced BY or FOR business to support growth -includes B2B (High Point Market) and B2C (Dubai Shopping Festival) PLUS hospitality / branding / marketing issues -Has moved from products and services to experiences = coorporate events that look and feel a lot like cultural/community/hallmark/mega type events -just over 100 years old, huge growth since 1990's mostly from Asia, but hurt by 2008 recession -some produced in house >mostly outsourced -government (public) provides support in form of facilities and resources > policy issues
Do programs or entire events have natural life cycles?
-product class:food festival,music festival,4th of july. -product form:bbq festival, jazz festival,hometown 4th -Brands:a specific event or company
Basic Program Life Cycle
-project planning -introduction -immediate failure or sustained growth -peak and mature leveling off with slow decline -rejuvenation -final decline or termination
significance of sporting events
-real boom in sports as events has occured in past 30 years -economic impact? -social impacts - positive and negative -political impacts - nationalism -legacies - tourism and facilities
What do cultural and festival event managers do? COMBINE THE 5 BASIC ELEMENTS OF PROGRAM PLANNING WITH BOTH CONSERVATIVE AND PROGRESSIVE INFLUENCES
-rhetoric -leadership (and politics) -$$$ -Operations -The Experience READ: 344 - 351 How to ID a customer and how to develop an audience
public events
-the one sector that serves everyone >support for private and non profit -defined ->local, regional, national ->or operates primarily with public funds ->accountable to citizens>not investors or non profit boards Event Strategy = public policy -$ making or support oriented -regulation and permitting -place and brand marketing -maximum use of, or ownership of, public facilities -quality of life>prestige and pride -politics -community development or re development
Today, event management is
-the planning and production of events -and possibly the formation and / or administration of organizations that govern these events
Philosophy - putting heart into festival design
-the word EVENT comes from Latin e venire>e = out, venire=come, together they mean OUTCOME -event management law:research and design = a planned successful outcome -event managers goals in site design are to produce: 1)multi dimensional, multi sensory, innovative, highly creative and unique experiences, that 2)transform their guests and exceed their guests expectations
Festivals
-themed public celebration (Getz) -a kind of cultural event -often grouped with fairs and parades -each has its own unique history, traditions, form of celebration, theme -one day to long term -a break from everyday reality -challenge to authority
Non profit events
-third sector, charitable, voluntary, quasi - public, social, non government, tax exempt
Mega Events definition
-was $500,000,000 in spending, but really much more -was global sports and world expos / fairs, but really much more + cultural events (capital) political (COP15) -+global media audience >live + all media = print, radio,tv,streaming,social media +archives -+economic impact -+societal impact -infrequent, but often periodic -stand alone -prestigious -tourism -branding -legacy
casual explanation of Ethics
-what's not mine, is not mine -if you can't do it, don't commit -do what is expected, even if no one tells you to -don't hurt others feelings, even if they deserve it -expect more from yourself than you expect from others -speak truth rather than power -the most important thing in life might be a clear conscience
A very simple typology for events management Levels of event production (Biaett System)
1)facility based 2)organization based 3)community based 4)tourism based
three primary areas of ethical concern for event managers
1)human social responsibility - operate with integrity and fairness to all stakeholders 2)community responsibilty- positively contribute to the community 3)environmental responsibility - preservation and conservation
5 basic elements of program planning
1)rhetoric - stakeholders (people to be served) / customer service /marketing - communication - gaining attention / research and evaluation / sponsorship. 2)leadership - managing staff, volunteers/ board governance. 3)operations - facilities and venues / equipment/safety and security/risk management/permits/transportation and parking. 4)$$$-budgeting /financial controls/business plans/sponsorship/revenue generation 5)experiences-design/creativity/festivity/entertainment and activities.
Leadership
1)the greatest dreams are always unrealistic (smith) 2)be first, different, or great... if you are one of these you may make it (lynn) 3)OZ>courage(ability to be where you are) + ethics/empathy + reality + vision / strategy 4)Shapes: triangles, squares, pentagons, circles
3 Steps in the Design Process
1)what outcomes are expected (vision, mission, goals, objectives) 2)what elements will deliever/meet the experiential/sensory outcomes (experience design) 3)what staging elements will deliver/meet the logistical outcomes (production design)
terminology - circles of life
1)work 2)leisure 3)recreation/religion/volunteering/nothing 4)special events
Pre event things
bidding - ethical issues > often millions of dollars just to make a bid Resourcing -money -broadcast right>tokyo 1964 = 1.5 million, London 2012 = 1.2 billion -volunteers>Beijing 2008 = 1 million, super bowl = 10 - 15,000 Building -vancouver - mexican workers Operations Planning -safety and security plans Rhetoric -global marketing -pre tourism
Codes of ethics, values, conduct
created and enforced by organizations and professional organizations
Types of events non profits produce
cultural networking conferences community festivals fundraising (11.4 and 11.5) political state
Recent History (1950 - present)
era of emphasis on PR, commercialism, technology -Christmas, Halloween -Strategies for redevelopment -Festivity turned into commerical organism
HISTORY
event management profession is not that old. the profession has really emerged in the past 35 years -Management has evolved from the Bureaucracy of late 1800's to Scientific Management of 1940's to Human Resources management of 1980's to contemporary management of today -mostly about later 2 movements
Getz (Canada)
events are defined in context: -customer or guest view ->opportunity for experience outside the normal range of choices or beyond everyday experiences. -event manager view ->one time or infrequent, outside the normal program or activity of the sponsoring/organizing body.
Classical ideas of festivity
festivals and events are a fundamental and essential human experience, both rooted in culture and at the same time helping to define civilization. -through history festivity has moved from the Organic, to the Organized, to commercial organism
ethical dilemma
gray areas
Special event managers
have a history of enhancing the quality of life and connecting diverse residents in transitioning community. Event managers are found throughout society and are recognized as part of existing social and cultural systems with the potential to be immediately utilized as tools for both community and tourism development.
Design
it is both EXPERIENCE design and PRODUCTION (sometiems called site)design
defining events
like trying to define the term leisure - too big to put your arms around -many worldwide ideas
Ethics are not the same as morals
morals = personal philosophy of right and wrong ethics = actions taken based on a concept of right and wrong Ethics exist in a complex moral environment Ethics can be characterized by honest and honorable dealings based on morals.
Allen, O'toole, Harris, McDonnell (Australia)
rituals, presentations, performances or celebrations that are consciously planned and created to make -special occasions -achieve particular social, cultural, or corporate goals and objectives
One of professional associations important roles
-enhances status among peers -recognizes those who go beyond basic expectations -makes a statement to those with who one interacts -provide a leveraged position on which to build a career -sets a higher industry standard
Two types of ethical approaches
-ethics of rights and justice ->make things fair and equal for everyone -ethics of care ->seeing and responding to the needs of others
Basic types of public events
-ceremonies, ritual -community / heritage festivls -informative -mega / hallmark (because of policy and resources) Something to remember -many public events are contracted out to private and non profit event managers
2 critical aspects of professionalism
-certification -ethics
By size or form/ content The 10 basic special events sub - field types per Dr. Joe Goldblatt (mixed)
-civic events - produced by cities and towns -expositions / trade show - public and private -fairs and festivals - commercial / non profit -hallmark events - Olympics -hospitality events - hotel based events -meetings and conferences - conventions -retail events - promotional events -social life cycle events - weddings/anniversaries/funerals -sport events- event plus side events (fiesta bowl) -tourism- event tourism/heads in beds Size - Allen, et. al. -Mega events - 500 million$ + olympics, world cup, world fair -hallmark events - carnival in Rio, Kentucky Derby, Ocktoberfest -Major - grand prix, superbowl, bicentennial -local / community Form - Allen, et. al -Festivals-art, music, food/wine, holiday. -sports events-local to world wide -business (MICE) Getz (mized) -Cultural celebrations -political and state -arts and entertainment -business and trade -education and scientific -sports / competitions -recreational -private events
Primary sectors or types of public and non profit events
-economic -political -social -private (profit) (revenues) -public (break even)(revenues = expenses) -non profit (loss) (expenses) -facility based -organizational based -community based -tourism based
Types of social life cycle events
-engagements -weddings -anniversaries -funerals -reunions-military,school,family,affinity groups -baptism/ confirmation -coming of age parties -birthdays -memberships -graduations -others -These events may be similar, but all are unique and different. -covered by hotels, resorts, restaraunts, private clubs, catering facilities -many involve cultural ritual, symbols, artifacts ->costumes ->speeches, behaviors ->food and drink -people who work in this field are often reffered to as planners or coordinators, not managers. -many poeple who work in this field are sole proprietors. -others work for facilities or equipment rental companies or product/service providers -a few work as private assistants to the wealthy elite
Enlightenment and new philosophy of civilization (1500 CE to 1950 CE)
Europeans and later Americans, began to base their civilizations on the logic of capitalism, a way of life driven by the replication of resources that finds meaning in consumption, ideas that, spread through imperialism, would become recognized worldwide as the most powerful force of modernity by the 20th century. -Puritans-festivity = sin -powerful merchants force division of work and leisure -reduced holdiays -leisure time for "regeneration" = spectator activities -festivity subverted for politics - Oktoberfest, may Day -Australia - 1788
The Strategic Planning Process
Continue the success of ESTABLISHED events -consists of integrated policies and programs to achieve goals -many different strategic planning systems -> all basically an outline of how to move forward and be successful -vision ->what resources do we have now or would like to add ->short term (5 year?) goals ->research ->strategies/plans/task assignment -> follow up/evaluation ->start over/ adapt
Production Design - sometimes called Logistics
Create an environment -a park, a downtown street -How can the site be adapted to meet the goals of site design Generic Types of event Settings -Assembly>conventions, concerts,festivals,spectator sports>facilities or outdoor settings for viewing and listening -Procession>parades,flotilla, marches>linear mobile activity>most common setting is the street>audience is standing, sitting possible moving with procession -Linear Nodal>procession combined with activity nodes>(ex: marathon) -Exhibition/Sales>entice entry, circulation a must, possible viewing and or sales>food and bevereage cocessions or arts and crafts : Examples -Open Space>parks, plazas,closed off streets>free movement a must, but often include assembly, procession and exhibition/sales settings -Activity spaces>includes "purpose built" facilities and "support" facilities ->purpose>sports facilities, amusement rides, primary use in events ->support>entrance, exit, storage, security, dressing rooms, restrooms, garbage, parking, etc.
The Project Planning Process
Design and Implementation to create a NEW event -start and end date -idea->investigation(feasibility and resources) ->pull the trigger or not -create a draft plan ->expand to a detailed plan Create the Detailed Plan -task/work plan -scheduling... Gantt chart Implement the Detailed Plan -Go->Start producing the event -Prior activities -Concurrent activities -adapt as you go(remember, the plan is an outline)...may include termination Business Plan-often part of Project Plan -Created to obtain financial resources -Created to establish partnerships -Created to establish a financial plan and controls
Basics
Duct tape Zip ties Snipers Leatherman
Event Levels
Experience Event Planned event special event community special event tourism focused special event special event management
Neolitihic Age (8,000 to 4,000 BCE) - first farmers
Festivity begins transition from organic to organized -Mankind begins to transition towards Logos -Intervallic - seasonally temporal -Purposeful -Opet - flooding of the Nile -Burning trees
First Cities (4,000 to 800 BCE)
Festivity rapidly becomes more and more organized -excess food for trade -human self consciousness widened with the development of writing and the artistic adornment of their possessions -first cities - divine realm relocated from the sky into temples, man master of own destiny -festivity more temporal and spatial -first marriages, coronations, rituals
Commencing 150,000 years ago and into the Paleolithic Age (20,000 to 8,000 BCE) - hunter gatherers
Festivity was organic -communal -spontaneous -amalgamated with Mythos in the celebration of celestial seasons, regeneration of life - Mythos dealt with the pain, sorrow, emotions of life. -about transcendence and ecstasy -heaven has scared powers, but not worshiped, celebrated with festive activity -a state of being unto itself that was unrefined, naturals, unplanned... work, play, and festivity were all part of the same experience... the uncomplicated living of life. -Clans -communitas - wild abandonment As life progresses man very slowly begins to become organized, more logical -Goebekli Tepe (9,000 BCE)
Post Event
Figure 10.7 (post event periods) -legacy -regeneration ->mega prims, mega part of, mega added -tourism
Professional Certification
Focuses on continuing education -CEU's -required training -required testing -other requirements, projects
Hiring
From Text: MUST READ pages 116-122 • 5.4 Hiring o Designing jobs o Job descriptions o Job qualifications o Recruitment o Selection
The Basic Event Management System
Inputs>>>transformed into>>>outputs every event has the task of creating outputs -profits -other economic benefits -societal benefits -unintended or negative impacts An event is really just a vehicle for attaining goals Inputs are things needed to operate the organization and produce the event -Tangible resources>facilities, equipment,$$$ -Human Resources>staff and volunteers and others -public resources>market research, information, political and moral support, possible mandate / mission. It all comes back to making sure you cover the basics 1)people to be served / marketing 2)finances 3)facilities and equipment 4)staff 5)activities
types of Non profits that serve the general public
Non religious youth serving agencies -BSA,GSA,Camp Fire,Boys and Girls clubs, PAL, BBBS,Candy Stripers, 4-H, Little League Baseball Religious affiliated leisure organizations -YMCA,YWCA,CYO,YMHA,YWHA,other church groups Social Service and Relief -red cross Special Populations -make a wish, the arc of US, special olympics Environment -Sierra club, trust for public land Associations -AAHPER&D, American Camp ASSN, NRPA,APRA,ASTRA,IFEA,ISES Service, Fraternal, Membership -Kiwanas, Rotary, Phi Sigma Kappa
Corporate events typology
Old was MICE but new is MINCE (305 -315) -meetings and conferences -incentives -networking -corporate hospitality -exhibitions and trade shows Meetings and Conferences -B2B - brings people with same interests together to exchange ideas -largest part of corporate events -1-0ff or periodically -people attend for job related reasons - info and networking -what do these meeting planners mostly do? ->find a venue ->set the program ->ID the target market ->market ->secure sponsors -issue - 2008 recession - is this really necessary Incentives -travel trips employees recieve - rewards - job related -training-vacation-team building (corporate games) -local and non local -what do these event managers mostly do? ->book travel ->set the program Networking Events -emphasis on face to face meetings with colleagues and potential clients -develop relationships -from small scale (lunch) to medium(symposiums) to large (product launch, convention) -organized by professional associations and trade groups -what do these event managers do? ->connect people through unique opportunities Corporate Hospitality -entertain key clients -hosted - event within another event -VIP area, hospitality suite at sports, cultural events -tickets with a reception to concerts, theater, movie premiers -food, beverage, gifts - some networking -what do these event managers do? ->venue selection is of great importance ->host with excellence - cater to needs ->manage relationships Exhibitions and trade shows -Manufacture and or retailers displaying proudct to buyers (B2B) or public(B2c) ->B2b - international consumer electronics show, USA largest, 100,000+ ->B2C - comicCon in San Diego, and other places -sometimes called expositions, fairs, conventions -some education and networking -help typically at purpose built facilities -marketing / communication tool -what do these event managers do? ->multi task - many things to do ->work with exhibitors ->manage the attendees -B2B ->Manage the public - B2C ->regulations General thoughts on Logistics -where - venue is important -when - seasonal ->less in December, july - august ->B2B = T,W,TH Business hours ->hospitality = F,S,S, evenings ->avoid holidays, possibly major events -Evaluation ->ROI, ROO
Organized religion and philosophy (800 BCE to 1500 CE)
Solutions to questions of cosmology - festivity organized by church and state -festive people much less controlled - often back to organic roots -olympics -Ludi Romani -Carnivale
Understanding program life cycles
Special events must be planned to have a life expectancy or -they will lose popularity and attendance ->beginning, growth,peak,(maybe repeat growth and peak) decline -they will or not make as much money ->earning cycles affected by YIELD >$$ per person generated
experience
a happening or occurrence
event
a happening, gathering or occurence that is temporary
Typology definition
a list that organizes items into categories. Constructed from theory for purposes of research or constructed from data for management.
special event
a one time or infrequent planned event beyond everyday experiences.
special event management
a profession that brings people together for the purposes of celebration, education, reunion, and or marketing.
tourism focused special event
a special event produced specifically to attract visitors for purposes of economic impact, animation (attraction of people who might otherwise find the area uninteresting), place marketing (image making, quality of life, culture), to build social capital, and as a catalyst for future development
community special event
a special event produced to bring local residents together while adding to their quality of life
planned event
a temporary happening with a planned beginning and end.
Typologies for cultural events and festivals
music events and festivals -largest element of cultural event sector -from bars to multi day camps -concerts>1 off -tours>repeated, local - national - international -Programs>at venues, multiple and long term -festivals >rock and pop and others and non musical attractions (sense of woodstock) Film events and festivals -small>screenings, promo events -festivals ->international >cannes 400,000/$100 million ->national>sundance 50,000 ->local>speciality (ASU animation for example) -festivals -WHY? to promote the film/industry / networking Community festivals and events -place oriented -economic impact -social impact Focus: Pretty Much about anything: -nationality -St Patricks Day -ethnic-Cinco de Mayo -Sexuality-pride events -Heritage -Family -Education -The outdoors -food and wine -anything-everything -really about AMENITIES Arts and Festivals -performing, visual, sonic, and combinations -Performing ->drama>theater,opera ->dance ->magic ->circus ->comedy ->1 offs, tours, serial, festivals ->Mama Mia > serial mega musical, 40 million people, $2 billion -Visual, sonic ->openings ->exhibitions ->festivals>sunshine magazine list Literary Events and festivals -book signings and launches -author readings and discussions -festivals >sometimes add ons (Glendale Chocolate Affaire) -book sales
mega event timeline
pre event>event>post event
