Exam 2

How would a psychodynamic theorist explain the emergence of a specific phobia?

Phobias are a defense against anxiety that stems from repressed id impulses.

Based on occupation, which of the following would have the lowest rates of PTSD following rescue work during a major disaster?

Police officers removing the seriously injured from the site.

The duration of disturbance that is required for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is __________.

1 month

Although a typical panic attack may last for as long as an hour or more, it typically reaches its peak intensity within ______ minutes.

10

Vincent, who is 32 years old, has recently experienced a panic attack for the first time in his life. He is worried that he will now develop a full-blown case of panic disorder. He should know that almost __________ percent of adults have had a panic attack, but most do not go on to develop panic disorder.

23

Stress slows the healing of wounds by as much as ___ to ___ percent.

24;40

Research has found that generalized anxiety disorder disappears after the age of ______ for many people.

50

According to DSM-5, the symptoms of a phobia typically last for a minimum of ________ month(s).

6

According to the groundbreaking research by Brown and colleagues (2009), people who reported _____ or more adverse events during their childhood died, on average, 20 years earlier than normal life expectancy than those who did not.

6

Gjabolla has been suffering from a terrible fear of lightning for some time now. Whenever there are storms in the weather forecast, she gets very upset and plans on spending the duration of that time in her basement. She has even called in sick to work to avoid going out during a bad thunderstorm. How long would these symptoms have to persist before a diagnosis of a specific phobia could be made?

6 months

Although some panic attacks come out of the blue with no precipitating, research finds that as many as __________ percent of first panic attacks occur after one or more negative life events.

80-90

The Type _____ personality pattern is marked by an excessive competitive drive, extreme commitment to work, impatience or time urgency, and hostility.

A

Adjustment disorder

A disorder in which a person's response to a common stressor is maladaptive and occurs within 3 months of the stressor

Immunosuppression

A downregulation or dampening of the immune system. This can be short or long term and can be triggered by injury, stress, illness, and other factors.

After her boyfriend recently ended their two-year relationship, Mariette has been having difficulty coping. She feels that she "can't handle" this, even though she is still functioning adequately. Although the break-up is just two weeks old, she is visiting a therapist to help her deal with the stress. Which of the following might be the best diagnosis?

Adjustment disorder

Which of the following traumatic events would be most likely to produce PTSD for someone? A. A terrorist attack in a shopping mall B. A serious automobile accident C. A hurricane D. An earthquake

A. A terrorist attack in a shopping mall

Chronic stress appears to impair the body's ability to respond to the signals that will terminate immune system reactivity. The result of this impairment is A. Inflammation. B. Heart rate increase. C. Dysregulation of stress-related signals between the brain and body. D. An overproduction of leukocytes.

A. Inflammation.

People who experience a high amount of worry associated with generalized anxiety disorder sometimes believe that such worry brings benefits. These benefits include all but which of the following? Coping and preparation Avoidance of deeper emotional issues Superstitious avoidance of catastrophe Ability to fend off panic attacks and physical ailments

Ability to fend off panic attacks and physical ailments

Criteria in the DSM-5 state that in order to be diagnosed with PTSD, the individual must be experiencing symptoms that have lasted for at least 1 month. In order to provide treatment to individuals experiencing symptoms shortly after a traumatic event, the diagnosis of ____________ can be used if the symptoms persist for at least two days.

Acute stress disorder

Although it does not always occur, _________ is a frequent complication of panic disorder.

Agoraphobia

Which of the following is considered to be an anxiety disorder in DSM-5?

Agoraphobia

Which person is likely to experience the highest amount of stress on his job?

Ahmad, who has very little control over decision-making at work.

The biological cost of responding to stress is called the ________ load.

Allostatic

What is the term for the biological cost of adapting to stress?

Allostatic load

Which of the following is a brain area that has been found to exhibit abnormalities in depressed patients?

Amygdala

Marvin has been suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder since returning from combat in the military. He goes to his physician asking for medication to help reduce the symptoms. His physician tells him that only __________ medications have been found to produce modest benefits, and offers him a prescription for that medicine.

Antidepressant

According to Sigmund Freud, _________ was the sign of an inner battle between some primitive desire (from the id) and prohibitions against its expression (from the ego and the superego).

Anxiety

Which response pattern is described as a complex blend of unpleasant emotions and cognitions that is very diffuse and oriented to the future? Trepidation Anxiety Fear Dread

Anxiety

Which branch of the United States military seems to have the highest problem with suicide, both completed suicide and suicide attempts, among its soldiers?

Army

Which culture-specific disorder features many of the symptoms of a panic attack, but also includes episodes of bursting into tears, anger, and uncontrollable shouting?

Ataque de nervios

Individuals who experience prolonged unemployment are at a greater risk for

Attempting or committing suicide

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for the antibodies that respond to specific antigens?

B-cells

Which of the following would be an example of anxiety? A. Julie jumped when she saw the snake. B. Hilda dreaded walking home alone. C. The voices in Paul's head told him he should be afraid. D. Carl was certain that the food was poisoned.

B. Hilda dreaded walking home alone.

Which of the following situations might lead to a legitimate diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder under DSM-IV-TR, but would not in the newer DSM-5? A. Emilio is on an airplane that suddenly loses engine power, drops 20,000 feet in 2 minutes, and is in serious danger of crashing. B. Kat is traumatized when she sees a video of terrorist attack on a school in Bolivia on the internet. C. Ricardo watches a terrible car accident take place in front of his home in which the driver of one of the cars is killed. D. Lisa is severely disturbed when she is the victim of attempted sexual assault, even though she was able to fight off her assailant.

B. Kat is traumatized when she sees a video of terrorist attack on a school in Bolivia on the internet

From a biological model of social phobia, __________ is the most important individual temperamental variable.

Behavior inhibition

Which of the following anxiety response components involves general avoidance of an upsetting stimulus?

Behavioral

The field of _________ is concerned with the effects of stress and other psychological factors in the development and maintenance of physical problems.

Health psychology

Research by Schneider and colleagues (2005) has shown that the daily practice of Transcendental Meditation may be helpful in reducing

Blood pressure

Which of the following psychological disorders often occurs in people who have taijin kyofusho?

Body dysmorphic disorder

Childhood or early adolescent onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder is more common in _________ and is often associated with greater severity.

Boys than in girls

Jill's marriage has suffered ever since the birth of her second child. Since the birth, she has been depressed and has had little interest in intimacy with her husband. Jill feels unattractive with the additional weight she carries since the birth and has been rejecting her husband's advances. After Jill discussed her feelings with Dr. Tora, Dr. Tora decided to prescribe her an antidepressant. Considering the problems she has been having in her marriage, which of the following is Dr. Tora most likely to prescribe?

Bupropion

Which of the following biological findings would seem the most surprising given the nature of posttraumatic stress disorder? A. Those who have undergone electroconvulsive therapy for depression seem to be much less likely to develop PTSD in response to future traumatic events. B. The medications used to treat anxiety and depression are sometimes very effective in treating PTSD. C. Baseline cortisol levels are often very similar between those with PTSD and healthy control participants. D. Neuroimaging finds that the amygdala tends to be underaroused rather than overaroused in people with PTSD.

C. Baseline cortisol levels are often very similar between those with PTSD and healthy control participants.

Research by Chida & Steptoe (2009) and Wong et al. (2013) found that a Type A behavior pattern component correlated with coronary artery deterioration. Which of the following was the behavioral correlate noted? A. Excessive competitive drive B. Impatience or time urgency C. Hostility D. Extreme commitment to work

C. Hostility

Which of the following experiences is likely to produce the most stress? A. Talking with the dentist about what to expect with a dental implant procedure B. Watching a film about what to expect during and after hip surgery before undergoing surgery C. Losing one's home in an unexpected hurricane-related flood D. Going through a divorce

C. Losing one's home in an unexpected hurricane-related flood

Feelings of control over stressors _________

Can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels he or she has some control, he or she tends to be less affected by the stressor over the long term.

The frequency with which those suffering from social anxiety disorder can recall a specific traumatic experience as being at the root of their fear speaks to the importance of ________ in the development of such a condition.

Classical conditioning

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus when the HPA pathway is stimulated?

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Research with non-human animals found that exposure to one stressful event increased responsiveness to other stressful events at a later time. This demonstrates that stress is ________.

Cumulative

__________ are small protein molecules that serve as chemical messengers and allow immune cells to communicate with each other.

Cytokines

Individuals with somatic symptom disorders ________

believe that their symptoms are real and serious.

Studies have found that the length of the protective ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, are related to longevity. Which of the following may actually promote production of the enzyme telomerase? A. Using tobacco products B. Drinking sugar-sweetened soda C. Having a pessimistic personality D. Engaging in regular meditation

D. Engaging in meditation

With people who work during the weekdays, heart attacks are most likely to occur on _________due to____________. A. Sunday; taking on physical activities that are much more strenuous than those assumed during the week B. Friday; the unstructured nature of weekend time C. Wednesday; the tendency of many employers to make more demands on their employees midweek D. Monday; stress associated with returning to work after the weekend

D. Monday; stress associated with returning to work after the weekend

Although people who experience __________ sessions after a traumatic event often report satisfaction with the procedure, there is no substantial research that finds it to be effective at reducing symptoms of PTSD or hastening recovery in civilians.

Debriefing

According to the psychoanalytic view, what makes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) different from specific phobias?

Defense mechanisms are not functional in GAD.

Which of the following is the most important medical risk factor in predicting mortality for patients who have had a heart attack?

Depression

The subspecialty of __________ psychology emphasizes the study of human traits and resources such as humor, gratitude, and compassion.

Positive

Although depression is a greater risk factor than medical factors are in predicting mortality for patients who have already had a heart attack, many physicians fail to treat depression. This oversight has been attributed to the physician's tendency to

Dismiss the depression as an issue because it is an understandable consequence of having had a life-threatening medical event.

Acute stress disorder

Disorder that occurs within 4 weeks after a traumatic event and lasts for a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 4 weeks

Quierra has recently been given a reprimand at her job. Her boss told her that if her performance does not improve immediately she is going to be fired. She is understandably upset about this. The bad stress that this event has caused is called ________.

Distress

Research into the effectiveness of writing about one's emotions has found that it may be helpful in speeding the process of recovering from a medical illness. One reason for this might be

Journaling about emotions helps people rethink problems or reduce how threatening the problems seem.

Avoidance

Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or reminders of the trauma.

From a(n) __________ perspective, people with social phobia would naturally fall toward the lower end of socially-constructed dominance hierarchies.

Evolutionary

Type A behavior pattern

Excessive competitive drive even when it is unnecessary, impatience or time urgency, and hostility

What is the most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Exposure and response prevention

What has research repeatedly found to be the best way of treating a specific phobia?

Exposure therapy

Reviews of the literature on the effectiveness of psychological debriefing sessions after a traumatic event have

For the most part, not supported the clinical effectiveness of the approach.

A functional deficiency in which neurotransmitter has been found to be associated with the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?

GABA

Luca is continually worried, but he cannot quite explain what he is upset about. He feels that there is always a reason to be anxious, and finds that his attempts to control this worry are unsuccessful. This has been going on more days than not for over a year. Luca may be suffering from

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Ruth is 72 years of age and is visiting the office of a psychotherapist to deal with some recent problems related to anxiety. Given the rates of anxiety disorders in older adults, which of the following is she most likely to be dealing with?

Generalized anxiety disorder

According to the text, a factor that does not make one stressor more serious than another includes________.

Geographic region

Which psychological disorder involves acquiring and failing to discard many possessions that seem useless or of limited value?

Hoarding disorder

Telomere

Human telomeres are the protective ends of our chromosomes. They are made up of repeated sequences of DNA. Their presence protects the genes close to them from being damaged and truncated during cell division. Telomeres shorten as we age. Stress also reduces the length of telomeres.

Arousal and reactivity

Hypervigilance, excessive response when startled, aggression, and reckless behavior.

PTSD symptoms

INTRUSION: Recurrent reexperiencing of the traumatic event through nightmares, intrusive images, and physiological reactivity to reminders of the trauma. (In DSM-IV ruminative thoughts about the trauma were also considered to reflect intrusion. This is not the case in DSM-5.) AVOIDANCE: Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or reminders of the trauma. NEGATIVE ALTERATIONS IN COGNITIONS AND MOOD: This includes such symptoms as feelings of detachment as well as negative emotional states such as shame or anger, or distorted blame of oneself or others. AROUSAL AND REACTIVITY: Hypervigilance, excessive response when startled, aggression, and reckless behavior.

Which cytokine has been associated with depression and caring for family members with Alzheimer's disease?

Interleukin-6

Jayne was in a near-fatal car accident 6 weeks ago, and has been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder by her therapist. One of her symptoms, having regular nightmares about the accident, is an example of which major category of this condition?

Intrusion

Which of the following is a true statement about Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance learning?

It has not been helpful in explaining why people with OCD develop obsessions in the first place and why some people never develop compulsive behaviors.

Dr. Mackelroy is seeing a client who suffers from the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. The therapy has focused on helping this client try to control her worries and anxiety-producing thoughts. What is a possible negative outcome of such an approach?

It may lead to a paradoxical increase in intrusive thoughts and an enhanced perception of the client's inability to control them.

Why was there objection to inclusion of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the DSM when it was first proposed in 1980?

It was inconsistent with the atheoretical nature of the manual.

Which part of the brain stem has been implicated in the neurobiology of panic attacks

Locus coeruleus

Research examining the importance of social support and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) found that women who reported __________ on two separate occasions were 76% more likely to develop heart disease in subsequent years.

Loneliness

According to the authors, which of the following is one of the most important ways to reduce the frequency with which posttraumatic stress disorder occurs?

Lower the frequency with which traumatic events occur.

What was Dr. Jack Kevorkian known for?

Making it possible for more than 130 gravely-ill people to commit suicide

Jonah has a crippling fear of thunderstorms. Even though he is 15 years old, thunder and lightning cause him to retreat to his bedroom where he will hide under his bed covers until the storm ends. From which subtype of specific phobia does Jonah suffer?

Natural environment

Demetrius is an Iraq war veteran diagnosed with PTSD who, while in Iraq, witnessed an army personnel carrier transporting U.S. soldiers explode. Since returning to the United States, Demetrius's wife, Shania, notes that her husband seems detached and blames himself for every mishap that occurs in the family. In which of the four PTSD symptom categories do the behaviors described by Shania fall?

Negative alterations in cognitions and mood

Octavia has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). She has 17 different "alters," which are strikingly different from her host personality. Some of her alters are not full personalities, but fragments and memories. Some of the alters are children. What aspect of this case is unusual?

No aspect of this case is unusual.

Dagmar is a musician and she loves the fact that she constantly hears new melodies in her head. In fact, she cannot remember a time when she did not hear music. Why is this not an example of an obsession?

Obsessions must be intrusive thoughts the person finds disturbing.

__________ are persistent and recurrent intrusive thoughts that are experienced as disturbing, inappropriate, and uncontrollable. __________, on the other hand, involve repetitive behavior or mental rituals that a person feels driven to perform.

Obsessions; Compulsions

Which of the following is no longer considered an anxiety disorder in DSM-5?

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Which one of the following symptoms is not associated with generalized anxiety in the Yoruba culture of Nigeria?

Panic Attacks

What is the primary difference between a fear response and a panic attack?

Panic attacks are accompanied by a subjective sense of impending doom or fear of losing control that is not usually present during a fear response.

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the prevalence of panic disorder in women and men?

Panic disorder is twice as prevalent in women as it is in men.

Data now suggest that individuals having a _______ may be at risk for the development of PTSD.

Particular genotype of the serotonin transporter gene

Which type of anxiety disorder is marked by a persistent and disproportionate fear of a specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger?

Phobia

From an evolutionary perspective, phobias are a result of ________ learning, which suggests that humans and other animals that rapidly learn to fear certain threatening objects or situations would have a selective advantage over other members of the species.

Prepared

For which of the following would the use of stress-inoculation training be most effective?

Preparing for chemotherapy

Stress-inoculation training

Preventative strategy that prepares people to tolerate an anticipated threat by changing the things they say to themselves before the crisis

In Kiecolt-Glaser et al.'s (2005) study of married couples, people who were given blister wounds to their arm showed increased healing time when the body's production of ________ was inhibited by evoked marital conflict.

Proinflammatory cytokines

Katrina, a police officer, has PTSD. She is working with a therapist who has her vividly recount the traumatic event over and over at each therapy session. What type of treatment is Katrina participating in?

Prolonged exposure

Which was not an effective treatment for stress-related disorders, according to your text?

Psychoanalysis

When she goes to graduate school, Nanji wants to study how the immune system and nervous system interact, and how they are both impacted by stress. She should probably apply to programs specializing in __________.

Psychoneuroimmunology

Intrusion

Recurrent reexperiencing of the traumatic event through nightmares, intrusive images, and physiological reactivity to reminders of the trauma. (In DSM-IV ruminative thoughts about the trauma were also considered to reflect intrusion. This is not the case in DSM-5.)

The positive physical and psychological responses that some people display when confronted with stress is called ________.

Resilience

When Dutch veterans of the Iraq War were given questionnaires, 21 percent of them appeared to have posttraumatic stress disorder. When structured interviews were used, however, that number dropped to 4 percent. This difference may have been for which of the following reasons?

Respondents may have misunderstood questions on the questionnaire.

In a study by Lewis and colleagues (2010), levels of CRP in blood samples in blood drawn from older African Americans were measured. The participants also completed a questionnaire about their experiences with discrimination. The results

Revealed a correlational relationship between high levels of CRP and more experiences of discrimination.

Which visuospatial video game was the focus of a research study by Holmes and colleagues (2009) examining the effects of distraction on consolidation of visual memories?

Tetris

After learning of her father's death, Sophia felt dazed and confused but still retained her sense of self. When speaking of her response to the news, she said she felt like she was in a movie watching the events happening to her. Despite this strange feeling, she understood what was happening and did the things that she needed to do. What can be said of Sophia's response to her father's death?

She experienced an instance of derealization.

Which of the following parts of the body is the most frequent target of concern for people with body dysmorphic disorder?

Skin

Cytokines

Small protein molecules that enable the brain and the immune system to communicate with each other. Cytokines can augment or enhance an immune system response or cause immunosuppression, depending on the specific cytokine that is released.

Anthony has a very embarrassing problem. He has a tremendous and irrational fear of using a public restroom. No matter what his bathroom needs are, he is intensely afraid that he will embarrass or humiliate himself when using a public facility. This has led to significant disturbances in his personal and professional life. What might be the best diagnosis for Anthony's particular problem?

Social phobia

Marita has a tremendous fear of baseball hats. She is not afraid of any other kind of hat, and in fact she wears stylish hats on a regular basis. When she is near a person wearing a baseball cap, however, she gets very upset and has to move away from him. She cannot explain why this fear exists, and recognizes it to be irrational. Marita has had relationships end because of this fear in the past. What would be the best diagnosis for Marita's fear?

Specific Phobia

________ helps people tolerate an anticipated threat by changing the things that they say to themselves during a stressful event.

Stress-inoculation training

External demands that one might consider challenging or threatening are called __________, and the various effects they have an organism are called __________.

Stressors;stress

Pyschoneuroimmunology

Study of the interactions between the immune system and the nervous system and the influence of these factors on behaviors

Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system

The HPA axis is a hormonal feedback system that becomes activated by stress and results in the production of cortisol

sympathetic adrenal-medullary (SAM) system

System designed to mobilize resources and prepare for fight or flight response.

Neurological research into physical causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder has found that abnormalities occur in the basal ganglia of those with the condition. Why would this be related to OCD?

The basal ganglia are linked at the amygdala to the limbic system, which controls emotional behaviors.

Allostatic load

The biological cost of adapting to stress. Under conditions of high stress our allostatic load is high. When we are calm, our allostatic load is low and our bodies are not experiencing any of the physiological consequences of stress (e.g., racing heart, high levels of cortisol, etc.).

Why is it that long-term exposure to proinflammatory cytokines is associated with an increased risk of heart attack?

The cytokines trigger the growth of plaques in the blood vessels, and these plaques can rupture.

People with heart disease are ____ times more likely than healthy people to be depressed.

Three

A nurse in an emergency room sees many illnesses and reported illnesses. A group of psychology students are listening to her speak and one asks her what might be one way to tell the difference between a conversion disorder and a true organic disturbance. Which of the following would be a valid answer?

The patient shows no signs of atrophy in damaged areas.

What evidence exists that nocturnal panic attacks are not specifically related to threatening or scary dreams?

They typically occur during stage 2 and early stage 3 sleep.

Negative alterations in cognitions and mood

This includes such symptoms as feelings of detachment as well as negative emotional states such as shame or anger, or distorted blame of oneself or others.

In the DSM-5, PTSD is a part of a diagnostic category called ________.

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Which of the following is considered the single most effective treatment for the various anxiety disorders?

Treatment through graduated exposure to feared cues, objects, and situations.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2013), the rates of unemployment for African Americans are ________ as high as they are for Caucasians.

Twice

Danny, age 40, has been described by others as being prone to negative emotions. He is also insecure and anxious. Which personality type best fits the description of Danny's behaviors?

Type D

Type D personality

Type D (for distressed) personality is characterized by high levels of negative emotions and social anxiety. Research suggests that Type D personality is linked to heart attacks.

According to the WHO's World Mental Health Survey Consortium, with the exception of __________, anxiety disorders are the most frequently reported psychological disorder in nations around the world.

Ukraine

In a rather large study of over 60,000 people across 14 different countries, anxiety disorders were found to be the most common category of psychiatric conditions in all but one country. Which one was it?

Ukraine

Exposure to which two factors seem to play an important role in the development of social phobia?

Uncontrollability and unpredictability

Which of the following statements best describes what a behavioral medicine approach to illness is?

Understanding psychological factors that may predispose an individual to medical problems

There has been little systematic research conducted on dissociative amnesia and fugue, yet some studies have revealed new information. Which of the following is the source of this information?

Use of different brain imaging methods to determine where loss of function occurs

__________ conditioning can be used to explain that the development of a phobia is transmitted when one person observes another person behaving in a phobic manner and then adopts that same fear of the stimulus.

Vicarious

What is the primary distinction between a diagnosis of adjustment disorder and one of either acute stress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder?

Whether the stressor is something common and the severity of the symptoms

What is one of the major ways the anxiety disorders differ from each other?

Whether there are more fear/panic symptoms or anxiety symptoms involved.

An example of dissociative trance disorder is ________

a person who believes he or she is at times possessed by a spirit and is extremely upset because of this.

Stressful life events _________

appear to increase the time to recovery from a manic episode.

Individuals with social phobia are likely to ________

attribute events in their lives to external factors.

The effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on generalized anxiety disorder seem to be influenced by CRH's influence on a part of the brain called the __________, which has an important influence on one's ability to mediate generalized anxiety.

bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

Angela has had several periods of extremely "up" moods. They last for a couple of weeks and she has gotten into trouble several times. During those times she doesn't sleep, spends way too much money, gets involved in bad business decisions, talks quickly and thinks even more quickly, and believes she can do anything. The best diagnosis for Angela is ________

bipolar I disorder

Although the use of medications for the treatment of phobias has not been very effective, recent research has found that the drug __________ may be helpful when used in conjunction with exposure therapy.

d-cycloserine

The current prevalence of conversion disorder is ________

decreasing as sophistication about disorders increases.

Cross-cultural studies of mood disorders are made difficult due to _________

differences in diagnostic practices

Quentin is severely depressed and presents an immediate and serious suicide risk. In the past he has not responded to tricyclics. A wise course of action is to treat him with _________

electroconvulsive therapy because it can rapidly reduce symptoms.

Individuals who suffer from phobias ________

have a disproportionate fear of some specific object.

About 25 percent of people with illness anxiety disorder would have been diagnosed as having ________, according to the DSM-IV.

hypochondriasis

Dissociation ________

is extremely common and not necessarily pathological.

One of the main functions that worry seems to serve in generalized anxiety disorder is ________

it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety.

Compared to anxiety, panic is ________

more intense

Research on somatic symptom disorder has shown that people with the disorder tend to ________

overestimate the dangerousness of diseases.

Although temporary, completing a compulsive act or series of acts usually brings on _________ for the patient.

reduced tension, satisfaction and an increased sense of control

A rapid return of symptoms immediately after drug treatment is terminated is a common example of ________; a return to depressive symptoms after a period of spontaneous remission of symptoms is called a ________.

relapse; recurrence

Melissa is severely depressed and wants to commit suicide. If she is typical of most individuals who commit suicide, ________

she is ambivalent about committing suicide.

One criteria for diagnosing major depressive disorder is that _________

there has never been a manic or hypomanic episode.

Jennifer has a very unusual problem. She feels compelled to pull out her own hair, both the hair on her head as well as hair in different parts of her body. This has led to embarrassing bald spots, skin irritations, and occasional bleeding in the past. Jennifer is now in treatment for ____________.

trichotillomania