exam 3 (ch 11, 12, 13)
after what age should pregnant women have their fetuses checked for down's syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities?
35
which of the following is true of women in their late 30s and early 40s?
a decline in the quality and quantity of their ova
which of the following best describes a crowd?
a large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group
which of the following triggers the development of acne?
acne
in the context of parenting styles, which of the following statements is true?
adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior
which of the following statements is true of adolescents' relationships with their parents?
adolescents interact more with their mothers than their father
which of the following is a potential benefit of adolescent employment?
adolescents learn to appreciate the value of money and education
which of the following is a stimulant?
amphetamine
In comparison with adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do _______
are more likely to use birth control
which of the following statements is true of aging?
as people age, the immune system produces fewer white blood cells
during early adulthood, _____
cardiovascular capacity can be increased with regular exercise
conflicts between adolescents and parents typically center on issues such as _______
curfews
which of the following is an example of the personal fable?
darren, a 15-year-old, is a chain smoker and feels invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine
which type of drugs include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (such as heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (such as barbiturates and methaqualone)?
depressants
which of the following is a difference between early-maturing girls and girls who mature later on?
early-maturing girls are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on
in erik erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop ______
ego identity
which of the following is not associated with adolescence?
erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage
t or f / which hormone causes the labia, vagina, and uterus to develop during puberty?
estrogen
eric has just completed high school and is doing his internship. he is living at home and attends graduate school. he makes decent money but cannot afford his own apartment. he has a girlfriend but is not yet ready to commit to marriage. he feels that he has overcome adolescence but is not fully an adult yet. in the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by jeffrey arnett, eric is _____
experiencing the feature of feeling in-between
t or f / a poor sense of identity is associated with high self-esteem in adolescents
false
t or f / according to the centers for disease control and prevention, adults 18 and older need at least 90 minutes of vigorous physical activity seven days a week
false
t or f / according to the data accumulated by the national center for health statistics, the leading cause of death for late teenagers and early adults in the united states was clearly cancer.
false
t or f / adaptive thermogenesis causes the body to produce more energy when someone goes on a diet
false
t or f / anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging
false
t or f / dating relationships tend to be more stable and committed in early adolescence, whereas in late adolescence, relationships tend to become casual and short-lived
false
t or f / death rates are low in adolescence, but they are nearly twice as great for female adolescents as male adolescents
false
t or f / during adolescence, individuals become less aware of the disparity between their ideal selves and their real selves
false
t or f / emerging adulthood is sandwiched between the stages of young adulthood and middle adulthood
false
t or f / friendship reduces psychological adjustment in adolescents
false
t or f / in early adolescence, most teenagers tend to be either in exploration or moratorium statuses
false
t or f / late-maturing boys are more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys
false
t or f / legs reach their peak growth after the shoulders and chest
false
t or f / most suicides among adolescents and adults are linked to feelings of euphoria and mania
false
t or f / parents and adolescents are usually quite different in their values and beliefs concerning social and economic issue
false
t or f / parents and adolescents are usually quite different in their values and beliefs concerning social and economic issues
false
t or f / people in college are often at the tentative choice stage of career development
false
t or f / sensory sharpness declines dramatically in early adulthood
false
t or f / the moratorium stage of identity development characterizes commitment to specific ideals or career choice
false
in which status do individuals make commitments without considering alternatives?
foreclosure
jonah is a 15-year-old boy. his parents believe that jonah has all the qualities required to become a scientist and encourage him to plan his future accordingly. Influenced by his parents' encouragement, jonah decides to take up research in the field of science. he selects his career solely on the basis of his parents' views. in the context of james marcia's identity statuses, jonah's decision illustrates _____
foreclosure
postconventional thought, when found, first occurs during adolescence, apparently because what form of thinking is a prerequisite for it?
formal-operational
which of the following statements is true of juvenile delinquency?
girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as truancy
ava is a young woman who is sexually attracted to other women. she has been aware of her sexual preference since her teenage years. in this scenario, ava has a _____
homosexual orientation
nikita is a 15-year-old girl. her performance at school is poor, and she has no hobbies or interests. she has no goals for her future and is content to spend her life one day at a time. in the context of james marcia's identity statuses, nikita is most likely in the _____
identity diffusion stage
olivia is attending a birthday party with her friends. she is wearing a new dress that she recently bought from a boutique. she is quite self-conscious about how she's looking in the dress and is assuming that her friends are also scrutinizing her outfit. this scenario illustrates the concept of _____
imaginary audience
in the context of donald super's theory of career development, which of the following is true of the realistic choice stage?
in this stage, people may direct their educational plans to ensure they obtain the knowledge and skills they need to enter their intended occupations
the growth of which of the following structures is responsible for the deepening of the voice among adolescent boys
larynx
which of the following is a change that occurs toward the end of early adulthood?
loss of skin elasticity and wrinkles are noticed
which stage of donald super's theory of career development involves "settling" into and improving skills at a job?
maintenance
which of the following is true of premenstrual syndrome?
may be linked to hormonal fluctuations
which of the following statements is true of menarche among adolescent girls?
menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat
visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to
mentally manipulate and rotate shapes or objects
in the context of james marcia's identity statuses, active exploration of potential career options without actively committing to one of them is associated with _________
moratorium
unlike early-maturing boys, late-maturing boys are ______
more dependent and insecure than early-maturing boys
victor, a boy in high school, has matured earlier than his other male friends. he plays on many of the sports teams with his seniors. in this scenario, victor is _______
more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured
in comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are _______
more likely to stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure
which of the following statements is true of intervention efforts to prevent school dropouts?
most intervention efforts are usually not introduced until students are on the verge of dropping out
which of the following is the most accurate statement about rape?
most states in the united states permit the prosecution of husbands who rape their wives
jared received a sport-utility vehicle as a present from his dad for his seventeenth birthday. as a result, he has become quite popular among his schoolmates. he often brags about his new car and takes his friends on long rides, usually driving over the speed limit. he believes that driving at high speeds is a thrilling experience. he considers himself too smart to be caught by cops for violating the traffic rules. this scenario illustrates the concept of _____
personal fable
in the context of gender differences in cognitive ability, which of the following improves visual-spatial performance?
playing with toys such as blocks, legos, and erector sets
calcium intake is particularly important for females to ______
prevent osteoporosis later in life
the structures that make reproduction possible are referred to as ______
primary sex characteristics
which of the following statements is true of estrogen?
promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks
in a multicultural society or on a college campus, students may realize that judgments of good or bad are often made from a certain belief system, such as a religion or a cultural background, so that such judgments actually represent _____
relativistic thinking
in middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of ______
rules and laws
ego identity is best described as a(n) ______
sense of who one is and what one stands for
for offenses such as _____, adolescents are likely to be accused of being involved in illegal matters, while adults are unlikely to be held guilty
sexual promiscuity
shelley is 24 years old. being an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by her indicates a "revolving door" existence?
shelley keeps returning to her parents' home when she is unable to pay the rent for her apartment
peers exhibit higher influence on adolescents than parents in matters pertaining to _____
speech patterns
unlike boys, adolescent girls who make friends are less likely to stress the importance of _________
status
which of the following statements is true of gynecomastia?
stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the testes
nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines are the most common _____
stimulants
who among the following is at greater risk of dropping out of school?
students from low-income households
which of the following scenarios is an example of a status offense?
tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy
t or f / according to research, boys in the united states are more likely than girls to have reading problems
true
t or f / adolescent mothers are more likely to experience medical complications during the months of pregnancy and their labor is likely to be prolonged
true
t or f / boys are much more likely than girls to engage in delinquent behavior
true
t or f / during adolescence, girls tend to have one or two close friends, whereas boys tend to congregate in larger, less intimate group
true
t or f / during the adolescent growth spurt, girls develop relatively broader hips compared with their shoulders, whereas the opposite is true for boys
true
t or f / emerging adulthood is a distinct period of development that is found in societies that allow young people an extended opportunity to explore their roles in life
true
t or f / erik erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, associated with adolescence, is called identity versus role diffusion (also known as "identity versus role confusion")
true
t or f / firearms account for 50% of adolescent suicides in the united states
true
t or f / in middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws
true
t or f / in the context of identity statuses theorized by james marcia, identity diffusion does not include either exploration or commitment
true
t or f / in the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards
true
t or f / menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat, such as those with eating disorders or athletes
true
t or f / most american adolescents are healthy
true
t or f / people in the retirement stage are in the last stage of career development
true
t or f / puberty is a stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce
true
t or f / students from low-income households and large urban areas are at greater risk of dropping out of school
true
t or f / teenagers have more conflicts with their mothers, yet they view their mothers as being more supportive and knowing them better
true
t or f / teens who initiate sexual activity earlier are less likely to use contraception
true
t or f / the primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide is male-female intercourse
true
t or f / the primary sex characteristics are the structures that make reproduction possible
true
t or f / the transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by a decline in grades and a decline in participation in school activities
true
t or f / toward the end of early adulthood, and almost certainly in middle adulthood, the skin begins to loosen, grow less elastic, and wrinkle, more so in women than in men
true
t or f / unexamined ethnic identity is similar to james marcia's foreclosure status
true
t or f / visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to visualize objects or shapes and to mentally manipulate and rotate them
true
t or f/ according to research, boys in the united states are more likely than girls to have reading problems
true
which of the following is an example of a status offense?
underage drinking
