exam 3 (ch 11, 12, 13)

after what age should pregnant women have their fetuses checked for down's syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities?

35

which of the following is true of women in their late 30s and early 40s?

a decline in the quality and quantity of their ova

which of the following best describes a crowd?

a large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group

which of the following triggers the development of acne?

acne

in the context of parenting styles, which of the following statements is true?

adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior

which of the following statements is true of adolescents' relationships with their parents?

adolescents interact more with their mothers than their father

which of the following is a potential benefit of adolescent employment?

adolescents learn to appreciate the value of money and education

which of the following is a stimulant?

amphetamine

In comparison with adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do _______

are more likely to use birth control

which of the following statements is true of aging?

as people age, the immune system produces fewer white blood cells

during early adulthood, _____

cardiovascular capacity can be increased with regular exercise

conflicts between adolescents and parents typically center on issues such as _______

curfews

which of the following is an example of the personal fable?

darren, a 15-year-old, is a chain smoker and feels invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine

which type of drugs include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (such as heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (such as barbiturates and methaqualone)?

depressants

which of the following is a difference between early-maturing girls and girls who mature later on?

early-maturing girls are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on

in erik erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop ______

ego identity

which of the following is not associated with adolescence?

erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage

t or f / which hormone causes the labia, vagina, and uterus to develop during puberty?

estrogen

eric has just completed high school and is doing his internship. he is living at home and attends graduate school. he makes decent money but cannot afford his own apartment. he has a girlfriend but is not yet ready to commit to marriage. he feels that he has overcome adolescence but is not fully an adult yet. in the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by jeffrey arnett, eric is _____

experiencing the feature of feeling in-between

t or f / a poor sense of identity is associated with high self-esteem in adolescents

false

t or f / according to the centers for disease control and prevention, adults 18 and older need at least 90 minutes of vigorous physical activity seven days a week

false

t or f / according to the data accumulated by the national center for health statistics, the leading cause of death for late teenagers and early adults in the united states was clearly cancer.

false

t or f / adaptive thermogenesis causes the body to produce more energy when someone goes on a diet

false

t or f / anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging

false

t or f / dating relationships tend to be more stable and committed in early adolescence, whereas in late adolescence, relationships tend to become casual and short-lived

false

t or f / death rates are low in adolescence, but they are nearly twice as great for female adolescents as male adolescents

false

t or f / during adolescence, individuals become less aware of the disparity between their ideal selves and their real selves

false

t or f / emerging adulthood is sandwiched between the stages of young adulthood and middle adulthood

false

t or f / friendship reduces psychological adjustment in adolescents

false

t or f / in early adolescence, most teenagers tend to be either in exploration or moratorium statuses

false

t or f / late-maturing boys are more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys

false

t or f / legs reach their peak growth after the shoulders and chest

false

t or f / most suicides among adolescents and adults are linked to feelings of euphoria and mania

false

t or f / parents and adolescents are usually quite different in their values and beliefs concerning social and economic issue

false

t or f / parents and adolescents are usually quite different in their values and beliefs concerning social and economic issues

false

t or f / people in college are often at the tentative choice stage of career development

false

t or f / sensory sharpness declines dramatically in early adulthood

false

t or f / the moratorium stage of identity development characterizes commitment to specific ideals or career choice

false

in which status do individuals make commitments without considering alternatives?

foreclosure

jonah is a 15-year-old boy. his parents believe that jonah has all the qualities required to become a scientist and encourage him to plan his future accordingly. Influenced by his parents' encouragement, jonah decides to take up research in the field of science. he selects his career solely on the basis of his parents' views. in the context of james marcia's identity statuses, jonah's decision illustrates _____

foreclosure

postconventional thought, when found, first occurs during adolescence, apparently because what form of thinking is a prerequisite for it?

formal-operational

which of the following statements is true of juvenile delinquency?

girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as truancy

ava is a young woman who is sexually attracted to other women. she has been aware of her sexual preference since her teenage years. in this scenario, ava has a _____

homosexual orientation

nikita is a 15-year-old girl. her performance at school is poor, and she has no hobbies or interests. she has no goals for her future and is content to spend her life one day at a time. in the context of james marcia's identity statuses, nikita is most likely in the _____

identity diffusion stage

olivia is attending a birthday party with her friends. she is wearing a new dress that she recently bought from a boutique. she is quite self-conscious about how she's looking in the dress and is assuming that her friends are also scrutinizing her outfit. this scenario illustrates the concept of _____

imaginary audience

in the context of donald super's theory of career development, which of the following is true of the realistic choice stage?

in this stage, people may direct their educational plans to ensure they obtain the knowledge and skills they need to enter their intended occupations

the growth of which of the following structures is responsible for the deepening of the voice among adolescent boys

larynx

which of the following is a change that occurs toward the end of early adulthood?

loss of skin elasticity and wrinkles are noticed

which stage of donald super's theory of career development involves "settling" into and improving skills at a job?

maintenance

which of the following is true of premenstrual syndrome?

may be linked to hormonal fluctuations

which of the following statements is true of menarche among adolescent girls?

menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat

visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to

mentally manipulate and rotate shapes or objects

in the context of james marcia's identity statuses, active exploration of potential career options without actively committing to one of them is associated with _________

moratorium

unlike early-maturing boys, late-maturing boys are ______

more dependent and insecure than early-maturing boys

victor, a boy in high school, has matured earlier than his other male friends. he plays on many of the sports teams with his seniors. in this scenario, victor is _______

more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured

in comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are _______

more likely to stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure

which of the following statements is true of intervention efforts to prevent school dropouts?

most intervention efforts are usually not introduced until students are on the verge of dropping out

which of the following is the most accurate statement about rape?

most states in the united states permit the prosecution of husbands who rape their wives

jared received a sport-utility vehicle as a present from his dad for his seventeenth birthday. as a result, he has become quite popular among his schoolmates. he often brags about his new car and takes his friends on long rides, usually driving over the speed limit. he believes that driving at high speeds is a thrilling experience. he considers himself too smart to be caught by cops for violating the traffic rules. this scenario illustrates the concept of _____

personal fable

in the context of gender differences in cognitive ability, which of the following improves visual-spatial performance?

playing with toys such as blocks, legos, and erector sets

calcium intake is particularly important for females to ______

prevent osteoporosis later in life

the structures that make reproduction possible are referred to as ______

primary sex characteristics

which of the following statements is true of estrogen?

promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks

in a multicultural society or on a college campus, students may realize that judgments of good or bad are often made from a certain belief system, such as a religion or a cultural background, so that such judgments actually represent _____

relativistic thinking

in middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of ______

rules and laws

ego identity is best described as a(n) ______

sense of who one is and what one stands for

for offenses such as _____, adolescents are likely to be accused of being involved in illegal matters, while adults are unlikely to be held guilty

sexual promiscuity

shelley is 24 years old. being an emerging adult, which of the following actions taken by her indicates a "revolving door" existence?

shelley keeps returning to her parents' home when she is unable to pay the rent for her apartment

peers exhibit higher influence on adolescents than parents in matters pertaining to _____

speech patterns

unlike boys, adolescent girls who make friends are less likely to stress the importance of _________

status

which of the following statements is true of gynecomastia?

stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the testes

nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines are the most common _____

stimulants

who among the following is at greater risk of dropping out of school?

students from low-income households

which of the following scenarios is an example of a status offense?

tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy

t or f / according to research, boys in the united states are more likely than girls to have reading problems

true

t or f / adolescent mothers are more likely to experience medical complications during the months of pregnancy and their labor is likely to be prolonged

true

t or f / boys are much more likely than girls to engage in delinquent behavior

true

t or f / during adolescence, girls tend to have one or two close friends, whereas boys tend to congregate in larger, less intimate group

true

t or f / during the adolescent growth spurt, girls develop relatively broader hips compared with their shoulders, whereas the opposite is true for boys

true

t or f / emerging adulthood is a distinct period of development that is found in societies that allow young people an extended opportunity to explore their roles in life

true

t or f / erik erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, associated with adolescence, is called identity versus role diffusion (also known as "identity versus role confusion")

true

t or f / firearms account for 50% of adolescent suicides in the united states

true

t or f / in middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws

true

t or f / in the context of identity statuses theorized by james marcia, identity diffusion does not include either exploration or commitment

true

t or f / in the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards

true

t or f / menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat, such as those with eating disorders or athletes

true

t or f / most american adolescents are healthy

true

t or f / people in the retirement stage are in the last stage of career development

true

t or f / puberty is a stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce

true

t or f / students from low-income households and large urban areas are at greater risk of dropping out of school

true

t or f / teenagers have more conflicts with their mothers, yet they view their mothers as being more supportive and knowing them better

true

t or f / teens who initiate sexual activity earlier are less likely to use contraception

true

t or f / the primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide is male-female intercourse

true

t or f / the primary sex characteristics are the structures that make reproduction possible

true

t or f / the transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by a decline in grades and a decline in participation in school activities

true

t or f / toward the end of early adulthood, and almost certainly in middle adulthood, the skin begins to loosen, grow less elastic, and wrinkle, more so in women than in men

true

t or f / unexamined ethnic identity is similar to james marcia's foreclosure status

true

t or f / visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to visualize objects or shapes and to mentally manipulate and rotate them

true

t or f/ according to research, boys in the united states are more likely than girls to have reading problems

true

which of the following is an example of a status offense?

underage drinking