Exam #3 (Chapters 6-10)

According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, in 2015 _________ of older adults lived in a nursing home.

*3.2%* 1.9% 10.4% 7.4%

The pragmatics of intelligence ___________ with age.

*Are maintained* Decline

The ____________ approach helps people with eating disorders (and other mental health issues) by identifying distorted thinking patterns and changing inaccurate beliefs.

*Cognitive-behavioral therapy* Maudsley Psychoanalytic Baddeley

In Kinsey's model of the sexual response cycle, the _______ phase is the phase in which the intrinsic (inner) motivation to pursue sex arises.

*Excitement* Plateau Orgasm Resolution

Marriage between people who share social characteristics is called:

*Homogamy* Polygamy Endogamy Monogamy

Insisting upon high standards of behavior is called:

*Idealism* Introspection Pseudostupidity Hypocrisy

In women, estrogen tends to ________ the motivation to engage in sexual behavior.

*Increase* Decrease Stabilize

Expert thought often involves calling upon knowledge and past experience instead of relying on rules (such as a person who doesn't need to follow a recipe because they have so much cooking experience). For this reason, expert thought is sometimes described as:

*Intuitive* Automatic Strategic Flexible

In the dual-process model, ___________ is automatic, unconscious, and fast, as well as more experiential and emotional.

*Intuitive* Emotive Intentional Analytic

A __________is someone who has limited experiences with a particular task.

*Novice* Trainee Newbie Greenhorn

________ is defined as a person's characteristic manner of thinking, feeling, behaving, and relating to others.

*Personality* Temperament Self-control Self-regulation

Adults with secure attachment styles tend to attract romantic partners who also have secure attachment styles. According to your textbook, which of the following explanations for this tendency has the most research support?

*Secure people are more likely to be attracted to other secure people* Secure people are likely to create security in their partners over time People's attachment styles mutually shape one another People with insecure attachment styles find their needs unmet with secure people

Individuals who identify with a role that is different from their biological sex are:

*Transgender* Androgynous Cisgender Undifferentiated

Adolescents demonstrate hypothetical-deductive reasoning instead of solving problems through ___________, which younger children tend to do.

*Trial and error* Heuristics Algorithms Transitivity

According to Erber and Szuchman (2015), the majority of older adults do not move to a different residence after retirement.

*True* False

Although teenagers' self-concept increases during adolescence, the teen's understanding of self is often full of contradictions.

*True* False

Although those 85 and older are more likely to require long-term care and to be in nursing homes than the youngest-old, most still live in the community rather than a nursing home.

*True* False

Both sibling and parent relationships must often be reappraised in adulthood.

*True* False

Early attachment styles with parents appear to influence the attachment styles people develop as adults.

*True* False

In general, girls today are experiencing puberty at younger ages than in previous generations.

*True* False

In general, it appears that most adolescents do not get enough sleep.

*True* False

In general, women acting as caregivers experience more burden than men in that role.

*True* False

In nations in which medical care is limited, cataracts are a leading cause of blindness.

*True* False

It is not death itself that concerns those in late adulthood; rather, it is having control over how they die.

*True* False

LGBT people who are nonwhite may face homophobic attitudes and behaviors from people in their racial/ethnic group as well as racist attitudes and behaviors from white people in the LGBT community.

*True* False

Males produce their sperm on a cycle.

*True* False

Media portrayals of sexuality, particularly female sexuality, can be both empowering and problematic.

*True* False

People who live in cultures with negative stereotypes about aging, and who believe those negative stereotypes, are likely to experience declines in memory and other cognitive skills.

*True* False

Women and men tend to reach their sexual peak at different ages.

*True* False

In low-income countries, the most deaths occur in which age group?

*Under 15 years* 70 years and older 25-39 years 40-60 years

Levinson concluded from his research that a midlife crisis was a normal part of development. However, his research has been criticized and questioned for:

*Using a cross-sectional instead of a longitudinal design* Not operationally defining his variables Using the wrong statistical tests during data analysis Using invalid measures to assess development

According to the U.S. Department of Education, the dropout rate among high school students was ________ in 2013.

15% *7%* 12% 10%

In 2014, alcohol-impaired driving fatalities accounted for ________ of overall driving fatalities.

17% 58% *31%* 66%

According to Figure 7.5 on page 234, the largest discrepancy in rates of young adults (regardless of gender) living at home versus with a partner occurred in what year?

1910 2010 1940 *1960*

Intermittent erectile dysfunction affects as many as ______ of men between the ages of 40 and 70.

4% *50%* 17% 70%

By the year 2020, students over age 35 are expected to account for ________ of all college and graduate students.

6% *19%* 27% 33%

To support adolescents' later sleeping schedule, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released recommendations that school not begin any earlier than:

7:30 a.m. *8:30 a.m.* 8:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m.

The term "menopause" refers to:

A period of transition in which a woman's ovaries stop releasing eggs and the level of estrogen and progesterone production decreases The midlife transition when fertility declines *A span of 12 months without menstruation* A surge of adrenaline caused by hormonal changes

The capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and performing activities quickly and abstractly is called:

Acquired intelligence Crystallized intelligence *Fluid intelligence* Experiential intelligence

In Kubler-Ross' five stages of grief, _________ involves trying to think of ways to negotiate a longer life, such as promising to be a better person.

Anger Denial Depression *Bargaining*

Aaliyah has recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by a "purge" using laxatives. Based on this description, she most likely has:

Anorexia nervosa Binge eating disorder *Bulimia nervosa* Orthorexia

The term "advance care planning" refers to:

Arrangements made for hospice care when someone is terminally ill *All documents that pertain to end-of-life care* Pre-paying funeral arrangements to save costs down the road Purchasing long-term care insurance in middle age

Years exposed to the sun may lead to:

Cancer Wrinkles Age spots *All of the above*

Neurons in the ___________ are among the first to be damaged in Alzheimer's disease.

Cerebellum Thalamus Reticular formation *Hippocampus*

Treating cancer in older adults is challenging because:

Chemotherapy may exacerbate dementia and elderly cognitive declines Aging is associated with a decline in multiple organ systems that can adversely affect the ability of medications to treat the cancer Older adults are likely to have other medical conditions that can complicate treatment *All of the above*

Which of the following statements about elder abuse is TRUE?

Cognitive impairment is the greatest risk factor for elder abuse Approximately 4.3 million older Americans are affected by at least one form of elder abuse per year Elders between 60 and 69 years of age are more susceptible to elder abuse than those older *All of the above*

There is some evidence that traditional forms of dating have shifted to more casual _______ that involve uncommitted sexual encounters.

Cohabitations *Hookups* "Friends with benefits" relationships Endogamous

When Simon's partner died, the partner's family refused to acknowledge Simon as a legitimate mourner, deliberately changing aspects of the funeral service without telling him and excluding him from family gatherings. Simon is likely to experience:

Complicated grief *Disenfranchised grief* Anticipatory grief Culturally-sanctioned grief

Satomi's mother had Alzheimer's disease for many years. When she died, Satomi was sad, but she had had time to prepare for the death and had a sense of relief that her mother's struggle was now over. Satomi's experience most closely describes:

Complicated grief Disenfranchised grief *Anticipatory grief* Culturally-sanctioned grief

Aging-related changes that begin in our 30s commonly include:

Decreased sensitivity to sound Declines in immune system functioning Declines in response time *All of the above*

Possible non-cognitive explanations for cognitive differences between younger and older adults include:

Decreased sensory function in older adults Older adults' greater need for cognitive tasks to be meaningful An overreliance on cross-sectional versus longitudinal research *All of the above*

In Kubler-Ross' five stages of grief, _________ may help people temporarily believe that they have a sense of control over their future and to feel that they have at least expressed their rage about how unfair life can be.

Depression Acceptance *Anger* Bargaining

__________ is the name given to a collection of related diseases in which the body's cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.

Diabetes Alzheimer's disease Heart disease *Cancer*

According to your textbook, children are likely to select careers based on:

Educational requirements *What appears glamorous or exciting* Experiences Earning potential

Esther is very stressed by her caregiving responsibilities and is dealing with it by attempting to hire some home health care. Esther is using:

Emotion-focused coping *Problem-focused coping* Self-focused coping Other-focused coping

_________ occur(s) when the eye does not produce tears properly, or when the tears evaporate too quickly because they are not the correct consistency.

Floaters Presbyopia Scotopic sensitivity *Dry eye syndrome*

Which of the following statements about postformal thought is FALSE?

Formal operational thought is influenced by experience and education People who can reason abstractly in one area may not be able to do it in other areas *Everyone develops the ability to reason abstractly* Abstract reasoning in a particular field requires a knowledge base that we might not have in all areas

Having to remember to do something when a certain event occurs is called _______-based prospective memory.

Future Time Proactive *Event*

The program that assists community colleges in creating or expanding options that focus on workforce training and new careers for the plus-50 population is called:

Golden Opportunities Slow and Steady Wins the Race *Plus 50 Initiative* Old Dogs, New Tricks

According to Marcia's theory of identity formation, identity diffusion is a status that characterizes those who:

Have made a commitment to an identity without having explored the options Are actively exploring in an attempt to establish an identity, but have yet to make any commitment *Have neither explored the options, nor made a commitment to an identity* After exploration have made a commitment

When compared to adults over 85, the young-old tend to have better functioning in:

Health Social engagement Cognitive skills *All of the above*

Why do people sometimes dehumanize and withdraw from someone who is terminally ill?

Health professionals, trained to heal, may feel inadequate and uncomfortable facing decline and death Friends and family members may feel that they do not know what to say or that they can offer no solutions to relieve suffering Psychologically, it keeps the well person from thinking of themselves as becoming ill or in need of assistance *All of the above*

Sleep disturbances (including poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep) are associated with which of the following consequences?

Hypertension Insulin resistance Memory impairment *All of the above*

When people pretend to be what they are not, this is called:

Idealism Introspection Pseudostupidity *Hypocrisy*

Wei plans to vote the same way her parents do and support the same candidates and political party they support. She hasn't thought about her own beliefs, but rather is just doing the same thing her parents do. This best represents:

Identity achievement Identity moratorium *Identity foreclosure* Identity diffusion

Lacking close friendships in adulthood is associated with:

Increased depression and anxiety Premature mortality Poorer reactions to stress *All of the above*

Research has indicated that teenagers who work more than 20 hours a week are at risk for:

Increased substance abuse Declining grades Earlier sexual behavior *All of the above*

Which is more likely to produce accurate results, inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning?

Inductive, because it is based on what authority figures tell us Inductive, because our experiences always accurately represent the way the world works *Deductive, assuming that the premises on which it is based are accurate* Deductive, because it involves using novelty and divergent thinking

Alan and Louis have been together for over 20 years. They share details of their lives with each other and are still attracted to each other after all this time. Which of Sternberg's types of love does this most closely correspond to?

Infatuation Fatuous love *Consummate love* Romantic love

In the dual-process model, ___________ is deliberate, conscious, and rational.

Intuitive Emotive Intentional *Analytic*

The hormone vasopressin:

Is released during sexual intercourse when an orgasm is achieved Is responsible for ovulation in females and stimulates sperm production in males *Is involved in the male arousal phase* Triggers the release of a mature egg in females during the process of ovulation

In the dual-process model of grieving, the grieving individual reestablishing roles and activities they had prior to the death of their loved one is called _________ orientation.

Loss Assimilation *Restoration* Accommodation

_____________ is an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in the joints.

Lupus *Rheumatoid arthritis* Sickle cell anemia Neurofibromatosis

Gray hair is caused by lower production of ________, the pigment that produces hair color.

Melatonin Melanoma *Melanin* Melanite

In Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, there are three phases. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Mobilization of physiological resources Coping Exhaustion *Recuperation*

Which of the following statistics about substance abuse in older adults is TRUE?

Nearly 50 percent of nursing home residents have alcohol related problems 14 percent of elderly emergency room admissions are a result of alcohol or drug problems Older adults are hospitalized as often for alcoholic related problems as for heart attacks *All of the above*

Why do adults in late adulthood have the least fear of death?

Older adults have fewer caregiving responsibilities and are not worried about leaving family members on their own They have had more time to complete activities they had planned in their lives They have less anxiety because they have already experienced the death of loved ones *All of the above*

Socioemotional selectivity theory is supported by research indicating that:

Older adults have smaller networks compared to young adults Older partners show more affectionate behavior during conflict discussions than do middle-aged partners Compared to younger adults, older adults often avoid negative interactions *All of the above*

The term "advanced sleep phase syndrome" means that:

Older adults need less sleep than adults of other ages Older adults are more likely to experience insomnia than other sleep problems *Older adults tend to go to sleep earlier and get up earlier than younger adults* All of the above

Which of the following states does NOT currently allow physician-assisted suicide?

Oregon Montana *Wisconsin* Colorado

The dual-process model of grieving proposes that, when grieving:

People alternate between moments of sadness and moments of happiness *People alternate between looking back and looking forward* People separate their cognitive understanding of death from their emotional feelings about death People adjust their grieving processes depending on their social setting and the people they're with

Alzheimer's disease involves changes in:

Personality Cognitive functioning Physical coordination *All of the above*

____________ occurs when others begin to dehumanize and withdraw from someone who is terminally ill or has been diagnosed with a terminal illness.

Psychological death Emotional death *Social death* Adaptational death

Cherlin and Furstenberg identified three styles of grandparents. Involved grandparents:

Rarely see their grandchildren, either due to geographic or emotional distance *Have frequent contact with and authority over the grandchild* Do things with the grandchild but have little authority or control over them Emphasize the importance of discipline over affection, much like authoritarian parents

Atchley (1994) identified several phases that individuals ago through when they retire. In which phase do people experience an emotional let-down?

Remote pre-retirement phase Actual retirement *Disenchantment phase* Honeymoon phase

__________ care focuses on providing comfort and relief from physical and emotional pain to patients throughout their illness, even while being treated.

Restorative Curative *Palliative* Hospice

The ____________ funeral rites are heavily based in this culture's belief in reincarnation.

Roman Catholic Muslim *Hindu* Orthodox Jewish

Bai is in a relationship but does not fully trust her partner and thus does not share her dreams, goals, and fears with them. In Bartholomew's description of adult attachment styles, Bai would be classified as:

Secure Preoccupied Fearful-avoidant *Dismissing-avoidant*

Developing hypotheses based on what might logically occur is called:

Seriation *Hypothetical-deductive reasoning* Inductive reasoning Post hoc, ergo propter hoc reasoning

The adaptive immune system is composed of the:

Skin, mucous membranes, cough reflex, stomach acid, and specialized cells that alert the body of an impending threat Cellular changes that occur following immunization or exposure to bacteria or viruses that results in the body developing immunity *Tonsils, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, circulatory system and the lymphatic system that work to produce and transport T cells* Antibodies that are produced in a body other than our own, such as the antibodies transferred from mother to infant through the placenta

Brain maturation during adolescence involves:

Synaptic pruning in the gray matter of the brain Increased myelination Increased connectivity of neurons *All of the above*

Specialized skills and knowledge that pertain to a particular topic or activity are collectively called:

Tacit knowledge Crystallized intelligence Wisdom *Expertise*

____________ is defined as intentionally ending one's life when suffering from a terminal illness or severe disability.

Thanatopsis Parricide *Euthanasia* End-of-life care

Hormonal Stress Theory suggests that as we age, the ability of the ____________to regulate hormones in the body begins to decline, leading to metabolic problems.

Thyroid gland Pineal gland Pituitary gland *Hypothalamus*

______________ is a waxy fatty substance carried by lipoprotein molecules in the blood.

Triglyceride Plasma *Cholesterol* Visceral fat

All ethnic groups and cultures have the same amount of enthusiasm about hospice care.

True *False*

Infants typically show no reaction to being separated from a parent who has died.

True *False*

In high-income countries, the most deaths occur in which age group?

Under 15 years *70 years and older* 25-39 years 40-60 years

In Phinney's model of ethnic identity formation, someone who has immersed themselves in their ethnic culture is in the stage of:

Unexamined ethnic identity Achieved ethnic identity *Ethnic identity search* Ethnic identity moratorium

A durable power of attorney for health care agreement is a:

Written or video statement that outlines the health care initiates the person wishes under certain circumstances *Document that names the person who should make health care decisions in the event that the patient is incapacitated* Document that specifies what a person wants done with their possessions after they die Document that a medical professional writes on behalf of a seriously ill patient