Exam 3 Questions - Chapters 12, 14, 16, 17, 18 & 20
Which of the following best defines the term commodity? A. A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others. B. An activity that benefits people, such as health care, education, and entertainment. C. An economic system which adheres to the principles of socialism. D. A benefit given to those who participate in the capitalist market.
A. A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others.
The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as: A. A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission. B. The course objectives teachers incorporate into their syllabi after the semester has started. C. The emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications. D. The unexpected subjects students take an interest in after being exposed to experts in the field.
A. A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.
The term xenophobia can best be defined as: A. An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods. B. A marketing campaign aimed at foreign countries selling American goods. C. A pronounced fear of globalization destroying one's job. D. A hatred of corporate America and the lobbying push.
A. An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.
What is the relationship, if any, between people who cohabitate and then get married, and those people who wait to live together after they marry? A. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage. B. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly lower divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage. C. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have the exact same divorce rate as the people who don't cohabitate until marriage. D. It does not matter because divorce occurs when two people are incompatible and does not depend on how long people have lived with each other.
A. Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage.
Why has e-waste become an issue, especially in the 21st century? A. E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one. This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce. B. E-waste is not easily recyclable because often in the same machine there is glass, plastic, and metal. Also e-waste tends to consist of big, heavy machinery that is difficult to dispose of properly. C. E-waste is a sign of degrading cultural values. People no longer value creating lasting products or getting products fixed; they would much rather just buy a new one and discard the old one. D. E-waste is a natural by-product of an industrialized nation and cannot be helped. People must resign themselves to its presence and find better ways of purifying water, soil, and air.
A. E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one. This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce.
If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study? A. Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage. B. Children are an important foundation for a successful marriage. C. Love is an important foundation for a successful marriage. D. Counseling is an important foundation for a successful marriage.
A. Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage.
Which of the following is an example of convergence theory in action? A. Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more job opportunities and prosperity for its citizens. B. Following the decline of the automotive industry, Detroit became a bankrupt city with large unemployment. C. The suburbs of Paris became crime-infested after wealthier citizens moved into the city, pushing the lower classes out of their homes. D. Washington DC has become a city to which many young people flock because of its low unemployment rate and job opportunities.
A. Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more job opportunities and prosperity for its citizens.
What is the difference between an oligarchy and a monarchy? A. Members of an oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of a monarchy do. B. There is no difference - both members achieve status based on ties to noble ancestry. C. Both are elected by a democratic process, but monarchies have the right to override the popular vote. D. Members of a monarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of an oligarchy do.
A. Members of an oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of a monarchy do.
Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities? A. Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia B. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission C. Plessy v. Ferguson D. Brown v. the Board of Education
A. Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
What have sociologists begun to realize about the nomadic lifestyle? A. Nomads have a hard time bridging the gap between their traditional lifestyle and doing what is best for the land. B. Nomads never tire the land they live on because they are constantly moving from place to place. C. Nomads are better than stationary farmers at protecting the land and keeping the soil good for other people's use. D. Nomads only raise sheep and goats, not cows or oxen, so the grass their herds consume is minimal at most.
A. Nomads have a hard time bridging the gap between their traditional lifestyle and doing what is best for the land.
Over the past decades, the turnout of minority voters has: A. Steadily increased B. Remained unchanged C. Steadily decreased D. Slowly decreased
A. Steadily increased
A sociologist is studying how the population of certain countries influences and affects the population and environment of other neighboring countries. This sociologist is most likely a: A. Structural functionalist B. Conflict theorist C. Symbolic interactionist D. Feminist
A. Structural functionalist
Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience? A. Symbolic interactionism B. Conflict theory C. Functionalism D. Feminist theory
A. Symbolic interactionism
Which of the following is an example of polarization? A. The job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels. B. A professional career is guaranteed after earning a college degree. C. Unemployment is down for those with PhDs and those without a high school education. D. The recession has encouraged many workers to earn their associate degrees.
A. The job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels.
What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? A. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse. B. IPV almost never happens, so it is difficult to locate and predict. C. Most people do not know what IPV is. D. IPV is not taken seriously by the court system.
A. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.
When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as: A. Tracking B. Grade inflation C. Feminism D. Manifest function
A. Tracking
What is the Head Start Program? A. A teaching method which equips students to regurgitate facts in order to do well on standardized tests. B. A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status. C. A state mandate that determines the eligibility of students who expect to attend college. D. A curriculum which requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding.
B. A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.
Which of the following is not an example of underemployment? A. After college graduation, Marcus could only find work part-time as a bartender. B. After his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them. C. Following the recession, Ellen lost her fulltime job as a PR assistant and found part-time work as a cosmetic sales associate. D. When John's sales job is outsourced he's forced to take work as a janitor to pay off his student loans.
B. After his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them.
Which sociologist studied the power elite, and wrote the book entitled Who Rules America? A. G. William Domhoff B. C. Wright Mills C. Karl Marx D. Émile Durkheim
B. C. Wright Mills
Juan believes that battles such as the French Revolution are necessary for a country to preserve liberty, to maintain or gain land, and will ultimately lead to a more even distribution of wealth among a population. From which sociological perspective do Juan's thoughts come from? A. Feminist B. Conflict theory C. Functionalism D. Symbolic interactionism
B. Conflict theory
Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity? A. Symbolic interactionism B. Conflict theory C. Functionalism D. None of the above.
B. Conflict theory
Malik grew up in an affluent household that embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of: A. Grade inflation B. Cultural capital C. Tracking D. The education gap
B. Cultural capital
Many of the world's most powerful corporations have headquarters in New York City, which hosts endless influential events, and offers an advanced transportation infrastructure. New York City is a ______ city. A. Declining B. Global C. Recession-Proof D. Corrupt
B. Global
Apple computers ship their computer parts to India to be made, and station their tech support in India. This is an example of a: A. Decisive export B. Global assembly line C. Global commodity chain D. Xenophobia
B. Global assembly line
What was the significance of the famous case Reynolds v. Sims? A. It gave African Americans the right to vote. B. It reaffirmed the concept that each person's vote should be counted equally. C. It gave women the right to vote. D. It established the precedent that felons are not allowed to vote.
B. It reaffirmed the concept that each person's vote should be counted equally.
The U.S. Census Bureau keeps records of different statistics that pertain to families. For example, in 2010, there were three million children who did not live with their parents. 54% of these children were: A. Living with foster parents B. Living with their grandparent(s) C. Living with their older brother or sister D. Living with an aunt or uncle
B. Living with their grandparent(s)
Which of the following is NOT a method used within the United States to produce educational equality? A. Charter schools B. Mandatory tutoring C. Bussing D. Head Start
B. Mandatory tutoring
What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage? A. Men and women who are married feel empowered to report abuse, thus the statistics we have on IPV between married couples are very accurate. B. Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating. C. Men and women who are married experience considerably more abuse, than those who are cohabitating, or separated. D. Men and women who are married prefer to seek therapy and counseling for their problems rather than hitting, punching, or screaming.
B. Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating.
If you work with children, why is it important to be ever vigilant for any signs of child abuse? A. Social Services will sue you if you miss any sign of child abuse. B. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child. C. The child being abused may need extra help with focusing, learning, and concentrating. D. The child being abused may be made fun of by his or her peers, which may cause more emotional distress.
B. Most reports of child abuse come from non-relative adults who interact with the child.
What do the modern studies and projects of population suggest about the future population of the planet? A. People are having fewer children, so the population is in decline. B. People are having more children and the population is growing exponentially. C. People are born and die at the same rate, so the population is remaining fairly steady. D. Population is declining due to the many wars and genocidal acts people wage against each other.
B. People are having more children and the population is growing exponentially.
Peter finds that he always reacts differently to correction from his father than from his mother. What might a symbolic interactionist studying families make of this situation? A. Peter needs professional counseling. B. Peter plays different roles with his father and mother. C. Peter needs a sibling. D. Peter's lack of respect for his mother means he'll probably get divorced when he's older.
B. Peter plays different roles with his father and mother.
By 2009, America had suffered several consecutive quarters of economic decline. America was in the midst of a: A. Capital rebuttal B. Recession C. Depression D. Economic sling-shot recovery
B. Recession
Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that: A. Sociologist try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family. B. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other. C. Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family. D. Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family.
B. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.
Which is an aspect of city life that might catch a human ecologist's attention? A. The NIMBY movement to prevent a giant chain from opening near a high rise apartment building. B. The decision to make sidewalks narrower so that a city road can provide on-street parking. C. The number of nannies that can be found in Central Park on a given day. D. The number of male nannies that take care of children in New York City.
B. The decision to make sidewalks narrower so that a city road can provide on-street parking.
What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States? A. Racism B. Socioeconomic status C. All of the above D. None of the above
C. All of the above
The term mercantilism can best be defined as: A. An economic system in which there is private ownership (as opposed to state ownership) and where there is an impetus to produce profit, and thereby wealth. B. When children tend to enter the same or similar occupation as their parents. C. An economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges. D. An economic system in which there is government ownership (often referred to as "state run") of goods and their production, with an impetus to share work and wealth equally among the members of a society.
C. An economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges.
Kendra believes the U.S. government to be corrupt, and thinks that there should be no governing force to control people's lives. Kendra believes in: A. Democracy B. Constitutional monarchy C. Anarchy D. Oligarchies
C. Anarchy
The term sorting can be defined as: A. A formalized system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities. B. The process by which students are allowed to choose their own classes based on interest. C. Classifying students based on academic merit or potential. D. The use of education to improve one's social standing.
C. Classifying students based on academic merit or potential.
Queen Noor of Jordan is a leader of which form of government? A. Oligarchy B. Dictatorship C. Constitutional monarchy D. Monarchy
C. Constitutional monarchy
Which sociological perspective would consider activism such as Occupy Wall Street and Teacher's Union rallies undesirable, because they force political change? A. Feminist B. Conflict theory C. Functionalism D. Symbolic interactionism
C. Functionalism
Passing on one's heritage, possessions, and wealth is: A. The right of the first born male in every country in the world. B. The right of the first born female in every country in the world. C. Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family. D. Generally based on one's relationship with one's younger siblings.
C. Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family.
Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged? A. G. William Domhoff B. C. Wright Mills C. Karl Marx D. Émile Durkheim
C. Karl Marx
Marcy and her three children have been trying to scrape by ever since Marcy's husband was killed in an automobile accident. Given what you know about George Murdock's theory, what would you expect to happen to this family? A. Marcy would lie in bed weeping hysterically and ignore the needs of her children. B. Marcy would become a stellar stay-at-home mom. C. Marcy would go back to work and rely on her parents for childcare. D. Marcy would never remarry and would never let her children drive.
C. Marcy would go back to work and rely on her parents for childcare.
Corporal Punishment is another way of saying: A. White Collar Crime B. Life in prison C. Spanking D. The death penalty
C. Spanking
During what time period did economies begin to develop globally? A. The Industrial Revolution B. The Post-Industrial Revolution C. The Agricultural Revolution D. The Information Age
C. The Agricultural Revolution
In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? A. The engagement period. B. The first year of marriage. C. The birth of the first child. D. The birth of the last child.
C. The birth of the first child.
Jackson lives in rural Chile, and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he has no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson's country lack? A.Formal education B. Informal education C. Universal access D. Latent functions
C. Universal access
Three things are important for the formation and sustentation of a city. Which of the below options is NOT one of them? A. Fresh water supply B. Consistent Food Supply C. Well constructed buildings D. Social Stability
C. Well constructed buildings
Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue. What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions? A. the Hong Kong Pact B. the Beijing Pollution Reduction Agreement C. the Kyoto Protocol D. the Seoul Greener Earth Initiative
C. the Kyoto Protocol
Why do we have two words for a big city: metropolis and megalopolis? A. A metropolis only has domestic airports while a megalopolis has international airports. B. A metropolis has less than 2 million people, while a megalopolis has more than 5 million people. C. A metropolis is characterized by the presence of a subway, while a megalopolis is characterized by a public bus system. D. A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities.
D. A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities.
Which of the following best defines the term patrimonialism? A. Power that people accept because it comes from a source that is perceived as legitimate. B. A military technique which includes the spread of the conquering country's religion. C. A ruling class that is dependent upon the blood line from the father's side of the family. D. A type of authority wherein military and administrative factions enforce the power of the master.
D. A type of authority wherein military and administrative factions enforce the power of the master.
Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in: A. Supply and demand B. Mercantilism C. Capitalism D. Bartering
D. Bartering
What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable? A. Those surveyed frequently lie about their employment status. B. The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work. C. The government only surveys those who have been out of work for a year or more. D. Different states define unemployment in different ways.
D. Different states define unemployment in different ways.
Which of the following industries is not projected to experience growth within the United States within the next 10 years? A. Financial B. Healthcare C. Community and Social Service D. Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
D. Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
"Climate change" is a less politicized phrase that has replaced: A. Recycling B. Pollution C. Weather Prediction D. Global Warming
D. Global Warming
To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B, is now considered an A). This is known as: A. GPA debt B. Systematic grading C. Academic bribing D. Grade inflation
D. Grade inflation
From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government? A. Planning and directing society B. Meeting social needs C. Managing international relations D. Lobbying for domestic corporate interests
D. Lobbying for domestic corporate interests
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, three fourths of children of divorced parents, live with their mother. What impact might this have on the U.S. male population over time? A. Men may begin to rely on women more in society, which could lead to a cultural role reversal. B. Men may be burdened with too much at a young age, leading to psychological development issues. C. Men should not develop any differently, and the traditional social and cultural gender roles will continue. D. Men may be more aggressive which may lead to an increase in crime, domestic violence, etc.
D. Men may be more aggressive which may lead to an increase in crime, domestic violence, etc.
Which sociologist studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture? A. Max Weber B. Karl Marx C. Émile Durkheim D. Pierre Bourdieu
D. Pierre Bourdieu
Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? A. Socialization B. Social control C. Social placement D. Social networks
D. Social networks
Paris has been studying the demography of the United Kingdom. The U.K. is very similar to the United States or Sweden in that it is industrialized, has relatively long life expectancy, and infant mortality is low. Which stage in the Demographic Transition Theory would the U.K. fall into? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4
D. Stage 4
In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining the lobbying movement? A. Feminist B. Exchange theory C. Functionalism D. Symbolic interactionism
D. Symbolic interactionism
How did Max Weber define power? A. The authority to imprison citizens without cause. B. The legal resources to prosecute and punish. C. Politically elected influence used to control the masses. D. The ability to exercise one's will over others
D. The ability to exercise one's will over others
The term formal education is defined by the text as: A. Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society. B. The education one receives at a private school, parochial school, or private college. C. An education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times. D. The learning of academic facts and concepts.
D. The learning of academic facts and concepts.
Which of the following best defines the term globalization? A. The process of removing manufacturing and industrial sites from foreign countries and returning them to the United States. B. When products are assembled over the course of several international transactions. C. Long periods of recession followed by sharp economic upturn worldwide. D. The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.
D. The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.
Watching television shows can be a good way to understand and study families because: A. They teach us what the ideal family should look like. B. They teach us how to behave when parents get upset. C. They teach us how to think through the consequences of certain actions. D. They teach us how a family on screen can represent the values of the era in which they aired.
D. They teach us how a family on screen can represent the values of the era in which they aired.
Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment? A. A large fire burns down an automotive plant in Detroit, forcing the employees temporarily out of work. B. Three sales associates from Target are fired after stealing merchandise from the electronics department. C. John quits his job after getting accepted into law school. D. Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee.
D. Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee.
What is the threshold population for a town, community, etc. before it begins to act like, and take on the characteristics of a city? A. When it reaches 10,000 people B. When it reaches 50,000 people C. When it reaches 90,000 people D. When it reaches 100,000 people
D. When it reaches 100,000 people
To a conflict theorist, marriage and families are fascinating because: A. All married men and women fight every single day of their lives. B. No one ever gets what they want, so everyone compromises. C. All teenagers always fight with their parents. D. Within the family are social standings and power struggles
D. Within the family are social standings and power struggles
How do American students compare globally in terms of educational performance?
Due to test results, the United States is in the "middle of the pack" for our math, reading, and science scores. Our scores have increased since the 1990s, but are not top rated.
How has unemployment changed in the US over the past 10 years?
Employment rates have increased meaning that unemployment rates have decreased.
What does each sociological perspective say about the family institution?
Functionalism: Family is important for the flow of society. Free market version of families. Conflict theory: Families are private entities. The communist version of families. Symbolic Interactionism: Everything means something. Traditional economy.
How does education perpetuate existing inequalities?
If low-income students receive the same education as high-income students, they have an equal opportunity to graduate with a job in a higher income rank, but as it says in the article, "Free tuition only helps if you can get in."
Which industries employ the most people in Michigan? How have they changed over time?
Management and professional related occupations like banks, teachers, and doctors.
Why do we have an electoral college?
Protects the Presidency from popular pressure and prevent the public from electing an unsuitable President. The process also gives the small states a say in the election.
Using the article what challenge(s) facing cities does this article discuss? Which social institutions (family, education, economy, government, and religion) are affected by the problem? What do you think would be a solution?
The article discusses the shrinking megalopolis. Because of them, families and our economy would be more proficient. One problem referenced in the article was that these new places would trump people. But, one solution to this problem would be with the new apartments/homes being built people would still have a place to live and work which would keep the economy of the cities moving.
Compare and contrast different forms of power and authority, including legitimate, traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic, and provide examples of each.
Traditional: Legitimized by longstanding customs; Historic personalities. Example: The Queen of England Rational-legal: Authority resides in the office, not the person; Bureaucratic officials. Example: President of the U.S. Charismatic: Based on a leader's personal qualities; Dynamic personality. Example: Jesus
What is the electoral college in the United States? How does it work?
When you go into vote, you aren't actually voting for the candidate of your choosing, you're voting for a group of electors who promise to vote for that candidate, these people are the electoral college. These electors are also known as congressmen a state has. Like Michigan has two senators and 15 congressmen.
