Exam 4: Antibiotics

A client has been prescribed INH for the treatment of tuberculosis. The nurse teaches the client about dietary restrictions while taking this medication. What is the most important instruction?

"Do not drink beer or red wine while taking this medication because a serious adverse reaction can occur."

The clinic nurse is responsible for teaching a client about a new prescription for doxycycline. The nurse should increase which instruction in the teaching?

"Limit your exposure to the sun."

The nurse administers cefuroxime to a client at least 1 hour before meals, as prescribed; however, the client experiences GI upset. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to do?

Administer the drug with food

A child has been diagnosed with acute otitis media. Before the child begins antibiotic treatment, what assessment should the nurse perform?

Assess the child for allergies to penicillins.

A client with a positive sputum culture for TB has been started on streptomycin antitubercular therapy. Upon review of the laboratory results, the nurse notes that the client may be experiencing toxicity if which of the following results is abnormal?

BUN and Creatinine

A 9-year-old client has been admitted to the pediatric unit after being diagnosed with pertussis. The pediatric nurse is processing the client's admission orders and notes that IV demeclocycline has been prescribed. After beginning this treatment, the nurse should confirm the results of what laboratory test?

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A female client is admitted to the critical care unit with sepsis related to a contaminated central line. The health care provider orders intravenous beta-lactam antimicrobials. The client's current laboratory report reflects renal impairment. What would the nurse expect the provider to do?

Decrease the drug dosage

A patient has been prescribed a tetracycline drug for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The patient also takes antacids. Which of the following effects is likely to occur due to an interaction between the two drugs?

Decreased absorption of tetracycline

What pharmacologic principle causes nephrotoxicity when gentamicin is administered?

Distribution

Penicillins and cephalosporins are used cautiously in neonates due to what factor?

Immature kidney function

A patient with a throat infection has been recommended penicillin therapy by the primary health care provider. Before administering the first dose of penicillin to the patient, which interventions should the nurse perform as part of the pre-administration assessment?

Obtain patient's general health history.

Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to which classes of antibiotics?

Penicillin

A nurse is required to administer a parenteral form of penicillin to a client. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to do when preparing penicillin in parenteral form?

Shake the vial well to distribute the drug evenly.

A client has been prescribed oral tetracycline for the treatment of acne. Which instruction must the nurse include in the client teaching plan?

Take the drug on an empty stomach

Which statement is true in regards to the oral administration of tetracyclines?

Tetracyclines should be administered with a full glass of water

A client, being treated for latent tuberculosis (TB) on an outpatient basis, tells the nurse, "I've been feeling pretty good lately, so I haven't actually been all that consistent with taking my drugs." Health education by the nurse should focus on what subject?

The need to consistently take the prescribed drugs in order to cure TB

A client is diagnosed with an infection attributable to the gram-negative microorganism Pseudomonas. Which anti-infective agent is most reliable in treating this microorganism?

aminoglycoside

What are sulfonamides classified as?

antibacterial

The ability of bacteria to produce substances that inactivate or destroy the antibiotic is known as which of the following?

bacterial resistance

A 49-year-old client is diagnosed with TB. The client has a history of alcoholism but has been sober for 3 months now. The client has been prescribed INH. What should the nurse ensure is obtained before initiating the therapy?

baseline liver function test values

A nurse is required to administer an anti-infective drug to a patient. The nurse knows that which of the following tests need to be conducted before administering the first dose of an anti-infective drug to the patient?

culture tests

A client diagnosed with malaria has been prescribed treatment with sulfadiazine. The nurse should encourage the client to increase consumption of what dietary component?

fluids

The nurse is assessing a client who has been prescribed treatment with isoniazid. What assessment finding would most likely necessitate contacting the health care provider to recommend discontinuing treatment?

jaundice

What is a contraindication to use of a fluoroquinolone?

lactation

When preparing to administer fluoroquinolone, the nurse understands that the majority of drugs belonging to this class are administered by which route?

oral

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV vancomycin. The nurse infuses the medication at the prescribed rate to prevent what from occurring?

red man syndrome

What organ system is responsible for the excretion of cefotaxime sodium from the body?

renal

A 7-year-old child has tonsillitis and is prescribed penicillin V, which is to be administered at home. The nurse will instruct the parents to administer the drug.

with a glass of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.

A client who is receiving statin therapy as treatment for elevated lipid levels is also prescribed daptomycin. The nurse would assess which of the following laboratory test results for changes?

Creatine phosphokinase levels

A client being treated for cellulitis with a cephalosporin asks what the essential difference is between generations of this medication. The nurse should respond to the client's question based on what fact?

Each successive generation is more effective against gram-negative microorganisms.

The health care professional has recommended sulfonamide therapy for a client who is currently taking oral anticoagulants. What are the possible effects of combining sulfonamide therapy with oral anticoagulants?

Increased action of the anticoagulant

What potential adverse reaction is most likely to develop during cefazolin therapy?

gastrointestinal upset

After teaching a group of students about aminoglycosides, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which drug as the prototype for this class?

gentamicin

Which of the following drugs would be classified as an aminoglycoside?

gentamicin

A male client is admitted to the unit for a total hip replacement. The surgeon orders a first-generation cephalosporin as a surgical prophylaxis because of what type of bacteria commonly associated with this type of procedure?

gram positive