Exam 8 Ch.31-34 EMT Eleventh Edition
Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss.
1000.
Fractures of the femur typically cause a _____-pint blood loss over the first 2 hours.
2
You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs:
8
Pathologic
A fracture of weakened or diseased bone, seen in patients with osteoporosis, infection, or cancer; often produced by minimal force.
Which of the following statements regarding twins is correct?
Most twins are born within 45 minutes of each other.
Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which
a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae.
A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by
age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.
Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by
alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions.
The quickest and BEST way for the EMT to relieve pain from a fractured femur is to
apply manual traction.
Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to
blood clotting abnormalities.
Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because
blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body's core.
Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT
cyanosis.
A common cause of shock in an infant is
dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea.
An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by
grunting.
Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT
hyperglycemia.
Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct?
In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.
Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is correct?
The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus.
Which of the following occurs during true labor?
Uterine contractions become more regular.
In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with
articular cartilage.When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed: in a functional position.
Your patient has a severe angulated femur fracture. On your initial assessment of the injury site, you note that the patient has diminished sensation distally and weak pulses. The patient is in extreme pain and screaming loudly. You apply manual traction to the leg and straighten the injured leg out as much as you can. The patient notes some relief with this maneuver. Just before placing the hare traction splint, your partner notes that the patient has no feeling in her toes and the dorsalis pulse has disappeared. Your NEXT action should be to
attempt to reposition the leg manually by adding additional traction, thus attempting to pull the fractured bone heads apart and placing the leg in its natural position.
Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of
bleeding in the brain.
When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should
block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.
Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature
caused by the inability of the body to cool itself.
The onset of labor begins with
contractions of the uterus.
Placenta previa is MOST accurately defined as
development of the placenta over the cervical opening.
After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mothers experience
easier breathing.
When the body loses sweat, it also loses
electrolytes.
Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should
firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.
When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed
in a functional position.
Which of the following is a normal physiologic change that occurs in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy?
increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve.
To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer
into the patient's rectum.
In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism
it must be able to evaporate from the body.
You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should
keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance.
Febrile seizures in a child
may indicate a serious underlying illness.
Atrophy is a condition that occurs when
muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma.
Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT
profound tachycardia.
Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should
provide emotional support to the mother.
If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should
provide ventilations for 30 seconds.
High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by
radiation.
In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with
severe hypoxia and bradycardia.
Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.
shins.
Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT
slowed level of activity.
A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called
stridor.
During delivery of the baby's head, you should suction the mouth before the nose because
suctioning the nose first may cause the baby to gasp and aspirate fluid
Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT
sunken fontanelles.
When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to
take quick short breaths.
Abruptio placenta occurs when
the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.
Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when
the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.
The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are
vasoconstriction and shivering.
Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include:
weak distal pulses.
Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT
wheezing.