Exam One Review of Chapters 17, 18, 19 Cardiovascular

Type A blood contains ___? A.A antigens and anti-A antibodies B.B antigens and anti-B antibodies C.A antigens and anti-B antibodies D.B antigens and anti-A antibodies

A antigens and anti-B antibodies

The cusps of the atrioventricular valves attach directly to: A. Chordae tendinae B. Papillary muscles C. Pectinate muscles D. Trabeculae carnaea

Chordae tendinae

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would have problems with ___? A.Coagulation B.Erythropoiesis C.Agglutination D.Thrombolysis

Coagulation

The process that converts fibrinogen to fibrin and results in the formation of a more solid clot is called ___? A.Clot retraction B.Platelet plug formation C.Coagulation D.Thrombolysis

Coagulation

The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)? A.Antigen Rh B.Antigen O C.Antigen D D.Antigens A and B

D.Antigens A and B

The right side of the heart receives: A. Oxygenated blood from the systemic circuit B. Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit C. Oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit D. Deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit

Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit

What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)? A.Stroke volume and cardiac output B.Diastolic pressure and systolic pressure C.Blood vessel length and blood vessel radius D.Heart rate and peripheral resistance

Diastolic pressure and systolic pressure

What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system? A. Arteriole B. Muscular artery C. Metarteriole D. Elastic artery

Elastic artery

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to return venous blood to the heart? A.Respiratory pump B.Elastic fibers C.Skeletal muscle pump D.Venous valves

Elastic fibers

The maximum amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of the ventricular filling phase is called __________. A.End-systolic volume B.Stroke volume C.Ejection fraction D.End-diastolic volume

End-diastolic volume

What largely determines preload? A.End-diastolic volume B.Afterload C.Stroke volume D.End-systolic volume

End-diastolic volume

The visceral pericardium is the same as the: A. Myocardium B. Endocardium C. Fibrous pericardium D. Epicardium

Epicardium

The process of red blood cell production is known as ___? A.Erythropenia B.Erythrocytosis C.Erythropoiesis D.Polycythemia

Erythropoiesis

What activates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation? A.Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin B.Prothrombin is converted to thrombin C.Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers D.Release of tissue factor (Factor III) by sub-endothelial cells

Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers

Both granulocytes and agranulocytes arise from the lymphoid stem cell line. A.True B.False

False

From superficial to deep, the pericardial sac consists of the fibrous pericardium, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, and the epicardium. A.True B.False

False

Increased sympathetic activity leads to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. A.True B.False

False

There are two phases of the cardiac cycle in which all four heart valves are open: isovolumetric contraction phase and the isovolumetric relaxation phase. A.True B.False

False

Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs A.True B.False

False

What is the most superficial layer of the pericardial sac? A. Epicardium B. Parietal pericardium C. Visceral pericardium D. Fibrous pericardium

Fibrous pericardium

Which of the following must occur first during hemostasis? A.Formation of thrombin B.Thrombolysis C.Clot retraction D.Formation of fibrin

Formation of thrombin

Lymphocytes and monocytes both arise from ___? A.Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) B.Myeloblasts C.The myeloid cell line D.The lymphoid cell line

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

The process that stops bleeding from an injured vessel is called ___? A.Hemostasis B.Hemolysis C.Homeostasis D.Hematopoiesis

Hemostasis

Where are anti-Rh antibodies produced? A. In an Rh+ person who has been previously exposed to Rh antigen and sensitized B. In an Rh- person who has been previously exposed to Rh antigen and sensitized C. In every Rh+ person, even if they have not been previously exposed to Rh antigen D. In every Rh- person, even if they have not been previously exposed to Rh antigen

In an Rh- person who has been previously exposed to Rh antigen and sensitized

Which of these changes will result in increased blood pressure? A.Decreased cardiac output B.Increased vessel radius C.Increased blood volume D.Decreased blood viscosity

Increased blood volume

What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells? A. Excitability B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum C. Striations D. Intercalated discs

Intercalated discs

What is found between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium? Pericardial Fluid The heart The lungs Fibrous pericardium

Pericardial Fluid

What forms the majority of blood? A.Buffy coat B.Plasma C.Platelets D.Leukocytes

Plasma

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? A. Pulmonary artery B. Pulmonary trunk C. Superior vena cava D. Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary vein

What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium? A.Pulmonary arteries B.Aorta C.Pulmonary trunk D.Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary veins

The leakiest capillaries, which allow substances such as cells to cross the capillary walls are called? A.Sinusoidal capillaries B.Metarterioles C.Fenestrated capillaries D.Continuous capillaries

Sinusoidal capillaries

What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest? A.Fenestrated capillaries B.Sinusoidal capillaries C.Continuous capillaries D.Closed capillaries

Sinusoidal capillaries

Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation? A.Stomach B.Gallbladder C.Pancreas D.Spleen

Spleen

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one heartbeat is known as: A. Heart rate B. Stroke volume C. End Diastolic volume D. Cardiac output

Stroke volume

How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure? A.Cardiac output is increased B.Sympathetic activity is inhibited C.Heart rate is increased D.Vasoconstriction is promoted

Sympathetic activity is inhibited

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure? A.Pulmonary arteries B.Pulmonary veins C.Systemic veins D.Systemic arteries

Systemic arteries

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure? A.Systemic capillary beds B.Systemic arterioles C.Systemic venules D.Systemic veins

Systemic arterioles

The vessels that deliver oxygen to the tissues of the body are part of the __________. A. Coronary circuit B. Pulmonary circuit C. Systemic circuit D. Conducting circuit

Systemic circuit

Afterload is described as A. The length or degree of stretch of the sarcomeres in the ventricular cells before they contract B. The force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries C. The amount of blood that has drained into the ventricle by the end of the filling phase D. The ability to generate tension

The force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries

Which of the following statements about capillaries is INCORRECT? A.There are a lot of capillaries in the body B.The velocity of blood flow increases as blood flows into capillaries C.Capillaries have a large total cross-sectional area D.A capillary has a small cross-sectional area

The velocity of blood flow increases as blood flows into capillaries

Compared to veins, arteries have _________? A.Larger lumen B.Lower pressure C.More valves D.Thicker tunica media

Thicker tunica media

The enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin is ___? Prothrombin Thrombin Tissue factor Factor Xa

Thrombin

The process by which a blood clot dissolves is called ____? A.Anticoagulation B.Thrombolysis C.Coagulation D.Clot retraction

Thrombolysis

Where do T lymphocytes mature? A.Thyroid gland B.Tonsils C.Throat D.Thymus gland

Thymus gland

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of blood? A.To transport and exchange gases B.To protect vital organs C.Blood clotting D.To maintain body temperature

To protect vital organs

Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood, while arteries in the pulmonary circuit carry deoxygenated blood. A.True B.False

True

Fenestrations in capillaries are small pores that allow water and small substances to move freely through these pores. A.True B.False

True

Heart rate can be determined by measuring the time between two successive R waves, known as the R-R interval. A.True B.False

True

The left side of the heart is often called the systemic pump due to blood flow to the body. A.True B.False

True

The sinoatrial (SA) node fires more rapidly at higher body temperatures, increasing cardiac output. A.True B.False

True

The sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output by increasing both heart rate and stroke volume. A.True B.False

True

Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel. A. Tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa B. Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa C. Tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media D. Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system? A.Tunica adventitia B.Tunica intima C.Tunica media D.Tunica externa

Tunica media

The first step of hemostasis is ____? A.Thrombolysis B.Vascular spasm C.Coagulation D.Platelet plug formation

Vascular spasm

What do vascular spasms contribute to the process of hemostasis? A.Vascular spasms transform fibrinogen into fibrin B.Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss C.Vascular spasms cause activated platelets to release the contents of their granules D.Vascular spasms cause platelets to adhere to exposed collagen

Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss

If the chemoreceptors detect a decrease in blood oxygen concentration, they will trigger_____? A.Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output B.Vasodilation and increased cardiac output C.Vasodilation and decreased cardiac output D.Vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output

Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output

Both the left and right atria receive blood from: A. Veins B. The ventricles C. Arteries D. The lungs

Veins

Which vessels serves as the blood reservoirs of the body? A.Veins B.Metarterioles C.Muscular arteries D.Arterioles

Veins

Which of the following is TRUE of veins? A.Veins have smaller lumens than arteries B.Veins have more smooth muscles than arteries C.Veins have thinner walls than arteries D.Veins have more elastic fibers than arteries

Veins have thinner walls than arteries

Blood from the systemic circuit returns to the heart via the __________. A. Cardiac veins B. Vena Cavae C. Pulmonary arteries D. Pulmonary veins

Vena Cavae

What vitamin is necessary for the proper conduction of functional clotting factors in the liver? A.Vitamin C B.Vitamin E C.Vitamin D D.Vitamin K

Vitamin K

Autorhythmicity is the responsibility of: A. Cardiac muscle cells B .Cardiac pacemaker cells C. Contractile cells D. Skeletal muscle cells

Cardiac pacemaker cells

Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as ___? A.Antibodies B.Agglutinins C.Tissue factors D.Antigens

.Antigens

Hemorrhage would lead to a __________ preload and therefore __________ cardiac output. A.Increased; increased B.Increased; decreased C.Decreased; increased D.Decreased; Decreased

.Decreased; Decreased

All leukocytes arise from __? A.Myeloid stem cells B.Leukoblasts C.Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) D.Lymphoid stem cells

.Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

Athletes use the hormone EPO to _____? A.Improve clotting and coagulation after injury B.Stay hydrated C.Increase their hematocrit D.Strengthen their immune systems

.Increase their hematocrit

Medications known as anticoagulants interfere with ___? A.Vascular spasms B.Platelet aggregation C.The coagulation cascade D.Platelet activation

.The coagulation cascade

Place the following parts of the cardiac conduction system in the order in which they transmit the action potential. 1) atrioventricular (AV) bundle 2) Purkinje fibers 3) sinoatrial (SA) node 4) right and left bundle branches 5) contractile cells of cardiac muscle tissue 6) atrioventricular (AV) node A.3, 1, 6, 4, 2, 5 B.3, 6, 4, 1, 2, 5 C.3, 1,6, 4, 5, 2 D.3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5

3, sinoatrial (SA) node 6, atrioventricular (AV) node 1, atrioventricular (AV) bundle 4, right and left bundle branches 2, Purkinje fibers 5, contractile cells of cardiac muscle tissue D. 3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5

What vessel delivers oxygenated blood to systemic capillaries for gas exchange? A. Pulmonary trunk B. Coronary artery C. Aorta D. Circumflex artery

Aorta

What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart? A.Venules B.Capillaries C.Arteries D.Veins

Arteries

Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload? A. Antidiuretic hormone B. Norepinepherine C. Aldosterone D. Atrial natriuretic peptide

Atrial natriuretic peptide

What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure? A.Aldosterone B.Angiotensin-II C.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D.Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Which of the following vessels will have the lowest blood pressure? A.Artery B.Vein C.Arteriole D.Venule

B.Vein

Increases in blood pressure are detected by? A.Nociceptors B.Chemoreceptors C.Baroreceptors D.Thermoreceptors

Baroreceptors

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? A.Decreased tissue demand for oxygen B.Blood oxygen levels fall below normal C.An increased number of RBCs D.Moving to a lower altitude

Blood oxygen levels fall below normal

Peripheral resistance includes all of the following except? A.Blood vessel length B.Blood type C.Vessel radius D.Blood viscosity

Blood type

What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult? A.Lymphocyte B.Eosinophil C.Neutrophil D.Basophil

C.Neutrophil

How do cardiac cells sustain a membrane potential of around 0 mV during the long plateau phase? A .Decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane B. Calcium channels remain open C. Increased membrane permeability to sodium ions D. Increased membrane permeability to potassium ions

Calcium channels remain open

What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade? A.Calcium ions B.Potassium ions C.Magnesium ions D.Iron ions

Calcium ions

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of erythrocytes? A.Anucleate B.Filled with hemoglobin C.Capable of protein synthesis D.Biconcave discs

Capable of protein synthesis

What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation? A.Diastolic pressure and systolic pressure B.Cardiac output and peripheral resistance C.Heart rate and stroke volume D.Blood vessel radius and blood vessel length

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Which organ(s) regulate blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine? A.Pancreas B.Kidneys C.Spleen D.Liver

Kidneys

An insufficient mitral valve (bicuspid valve, or left atrioventricular valve) would allow the backflow of blood into the: A. Right atrium B. Aorta C. Left ventricle D. Left atrium

Left atrium

What cells are categorized as agranulocytes? A.Eosinophils and basophils B.Neutrophils and basophils C.Lymphocytes and monocytes D.Reticulocytes and erythrocytes

Lymphocytes and monocytes

The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as? A.Venous pressure B.Pulmonary circuit C.Systolic pressure D.Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

When fibrin levels increase, thrombin production is inhibited. This is an example of a __? A.Vascular spasm B.Negative feedback loop C.Fibrinolysis D.Positive feedback loop

Negative feedback loop

Which blood type is compatible with B- during a transfusion? A.O+ B.B+ C.O- D.AB-

O-