Factors that affect Enzymes

Metabolic pathway

A series of reactions with each step controlled by a different enzyme

Feedback inhibiton

The product of an enzyme in the metabolic pathway binds to and inhibits an earlier enzyme in the pathway

Enzyme concentration

The more enzymes, the greater the rate of chemical reactions

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Attaches elsewhere and changes the shape of the enzyme

Enzyme cofactors (vitamins)

Bind to the enzymes (not the active site) and make the enzyme work more efficiently

pH too high/too low

Bonds break, enzyme denatures = less to no chemical reactions

pH

Different proteins work best at different pH's.

Temperature too high

Enzymes denature. Bonds break. Less to no chemical reactions

Substrate concentration

Increases until enzymes are at maximum velocity. Can only work so fast

High temperature

Reactions happen faster. Best speed for reactions

Temperature too low

Reactions happen slower. Chance of enzyme and substrate bumping into each other = less reaction

Competitive inhibitors

When something blocks the active site so chemical reactions cannot happen