fetal abnormalities

Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as:

A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age

The congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of anal opening is termed:

Anorectal atresia

Which of the following is considered to be the most common type of colonic atresia?

Anorectal atresia

Hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with:

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Which of the following would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios?

Bilateral renal agenesis

The presence of a posterior fossa cyst and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis are characteristic findings of:

Dandy-Walker malformation

Congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed:

Duodenal atresia

Pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following findings except:

Gastroschisis

The most common abnormality of the fetal liver is:

Hepatomegaly

A functional bowel disorder within the fetus thatis caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in:

Hirschsprung disease

Which of the following best describes a choledochal cyst?

It is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct.

Which of the following laboratory values would be significant in the detection of an abdominal wall defect?

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

Fetal stool is termed:

Meconium

An omphalocele is associated with all of the following except:

Meconium aspiration syndrome

All of the following are associated with omphalocele except:

Normal cord insertion

Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with:

Polyhydramnios

Outward angling of the frontal and lateral horn of the lateral ventricles is a sonographic finding in:

agenesis of the corpus callosum

Herniated contents of an omphalocele are covered by a membrane consisting of:

amnion and peritoneum

Hydronephrosis in utero is most commonly caused by an obstruction:

at the ureteropelvic junction

Which of the following is the most common fetal neck mass?

cystic hygroma

Which of the following abnormalities demonstrates a cranial defect?

encephalocele

A consistently small fetal stomach on serial sonograms is most suspicious for which abnormality?

esophageal atresia

A diagnosis of clubfoot may be made with persistent abnormal inversion of the:

foot perpendicular to the lower leg

Opening in the layers of the abdominal wall with evisceration of the bowel describes which of the following abnormalities:

gastroschisis

Which of the following abnormalities is more commonly associated with proboscis?

holoprosencephaly

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with frontal bossing?

hydrocephalus

The renal pelvis in a third-trimester fetus demonstrates an anterior-posterior diameter of 10 mm. This is considered:

mild hydronephrosis

Demonstration of multiple unilateral renal cysts is most suspicious for:

multicystic dysplastic kidney

Which of the following is a common sonographic finding with fetal facial abnormalities?

polyhydramnios

Which of the following sonographic findings helps to differentiate Dandy-Walker syndrome from an arachnoid cyst?

presence of a normal vermis