Final Exam
choose each of the following statements which are true a. in general, interpersonal conflict is a positive way to solve problems; it's always best to let employees engage in interpersonal conflict at work, so it does not build up b. the main goal of positive psychology is to help sick people get well c. setting an appropriate pace of work is one primary intervention which may challenge employees d. the ability to respond to stressful stimuli is an adaptive and healthy characteristic of humans and other organisms e. being nice is important because it reduces the hindrance stress caused by interpersonal conflict f. too many challenge stressors are likely to overwhelm an employee and result in distress g. sending a person to a psychological therapist after becoming distressed at work is one example of a secondary intervention h. challenge stressors are always good, you can never have too much of a good thing i. stimuli are challenge stressors when individuals are unable to relate them to personal goal achievment j. good preventive stress management would include managers seeking to optimize eustress and minimize distress k. providing on-site exercise facilities and release time for working out might be one example of a secondary stress intervention in the workplace l. according to theory, it's good to remove all stress from organizations
c, d, e, f, j, and k
select all of the following characteristics that are included in the concept of psychological capital a. loyalty b. extraversion c. hope d. optimism e. amicability f. self-control g. confidence (self-efficacy) h. self-monitoring i. resilience j. determination k. courage l. conscientiousness
c, d, g, i
employees experiencing low procedural justice from their supervisor are... a. especially unlikely to engage in workplace deviance b. most likely to be less emotionally upset than someone perceiving low distributive justice from their supervisor c. unlikely to have optimal job performance d. more likely to "call in sick" than employees who are perceiving high degrees of procedural justice from their supervisors e. most likely to have a high degree of job satisfaction f. most likely to engage in a high degree of citizenship behavior g. especially unlikely to intentionally spread untrue, damaging rumors about their boss h. more likely to voluntarily quit their jobs than employees who are perceiving high degrees of procedural justice from their supervisors i. most likely to respond by having a low continuance commitment to their organization
c, d, h
Analyses of companies that utilize teams indicate some impressive results. Team-based organizations tend to show all the following results but a. an increase in revenue b. an increase in productivity c. a reduction in costs d. an increase in marketing
d
Task roles include contractor, creator, and a. coordinator b. consul c. cooperator d. completer
d
a "strong situation" is... a. a situation where personality matters a great deal in predicting behavior, so much as that other variables provide little power in explaining behavior b. a situation in which the personalities of the dominate majority crowds out or diminish the importance of personality types not well represented in the group c. a situation in which a group's behavior is influenced by the strongest personality present d. a situation where normative behavior is clearly defined, thus an observer would see more similarities between actors than differences
d
a non-programmed decision is a. a decision assessing the likelihood of an event's occurrence by the similarity of that occurrence to their stereotypes of similar occurrence b. a decision concerned with relatively routine problems. these decisions are repetitive and structured in nature and we tend to rely on heuristics c. a decision assessing the frequency, probability, or likely causes of an event by the degree to which instances or occurrences of that event are readily available in memory d. a decision dealing with new, unusual, or unique problems. this kind of decision-making requires more intensive, completely thinking than is required for programmed decision making
d
a past to present focused, developable, state-like characteristic defined as having the capacity to bounce back from failure a. confidence b. hope c. optimism d. resiliency
d
a small printing and specialty advertising business employs 25 people. with increased health care costs and related insurance premiums, you are considering the cancellation of health insurance for your employees. Doing so many cause your employees to become greatly concerned about: a. self-esteem needs b. affiliation needs c. self-actualization needs d. safety and security needs
d
according to Kerr in "On the folly of rewarding while hoping for B", physicians have an incentive to... a. commit type 2 errors over type 1 errors b. commit type 1 and type 2 errors with equal likelihood c. tell people there's nothing wrong with them, because it makes them feel better d. commit type 1 errors over type 2 errors
d
according to expectancy theory, what might an employer do to increase expectancy in its workforce? a. provide training b. update the tools and equipment needed to do their jobs c. coach employees on proper work methods d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
air travel is much safer than travel by automobile. still, airline reservations drop sharply after an airplane crash. which psychological bias best explains this phenomenon? a. regression to the mean b. insensitivity to sample size c. retrievability d. ease of recall
d
an archetype reflects the central tendency (average) of a population on a given trait; a ____ is believing that everyone within a social group has the same or similar characteristics a. metaphor b. trope c. medium d. stereotype
d
in a study of decision making, researchers asked participants to spin a roulette wheel that would stop on the number 10 or 65. then, participants were asked to guess how many countries there are in africa. on average, participants who spun the number 10 on the roulette wheel guessed a lower number of countries than the participants that had spun the number 65. what psychological phenomena explains why? a. the availability heuristic b. the conjunction fallacy c. insensitivity to sample size d. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic
d
it turns out that joe's product has not been selling well. he hires a group of students to conduct a market analysis and discovers that among his target market his product is not well known. which of the four contingencies explains why his product hasn't sold as well as he expected? a. substitutability b. centrality c. discretion d. visibility
d
joe has developed a new product to solve a very particular problem. he figures that because there are no other products on the market that address this problem his product will sell well and at a high margin a. centrality b. visibility c. discretion d. substitutability
d
maintaining a diverse workforce because you believe that doing so helps your firm better understand the marketplace and recruit better talent is illustrative of... a. why I should take notes during lecture b. the organizational justice model of embracing diversity c. the social justice model of embracing diversity d. the deficit model of embracing diversity
d
the conflict handling style that is uncooperative and unassertive is a. accommodation b. compromise c. competition d. avoidance
d
the notion that people become more committed to their ideas when in a group where a majority of people share the same ideas is called a. escalation of commitment b. information bias c. hyperbolic discounting d. group polarization
d
the purpose of the research described in "Who Will We Recruit?" the article by Casper, Wayne, and Manegold is a. explain the difference between surface-level and deep-level diversity traits b. coach folks on how to choose organizations to work for that have values consistent with their own c. put readers to sleep d. to determine whether it makes sense for employers to target specific deep surface level diversity traits with new hires
d
which of the following are elements of good group decision making process? a. having a clear agenda b. group leaders taking an active role in managing group process c. making sure that all groups get a chance to speak d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
which of the following is considered a motivator in Herzberg's two-factor theory (aka motivator-hygiene theory of job satisfaction)? a. working conditions b. supervision c. fringe benefits d. recognition
d
which of the following statements regarding team size and diversity is correct? a. teams whose members have complementary skills are less successful than those with specialized skills b. the more diverse the team, the more likely the team is to engage in groupthink c. the rule of thumb for team size is between 10-20 members d. teams that believe in the value of diversity perform better than those which do not
d
which statement offers the best description of the these of Kerr's argument in "On the folly..."? a. fouled up incentive systems are those that reward organizational actors to break the law in order to further organizational goals b. fouled up incentive systems are those where organizational actors are not adequately incentivized to "do the right thing" c. fouled up incentive systems are those where organizational leaders are rewarded for treating employees poorly d. fouled up incentive systems are those that reward organizational actors for doing things that are not in the organizations interests
d
according to french and raven, which of the following are sources of power? a. inherent power b. the power of love c. implicit power d. referent power e. coercive power f. expert power g. diversity power h. reward power i. legitimate power j. leverage power
d, e, f, h, i
which of the following are challenge stressors? a. organizational politics b. interpersonal conflict c. administrative hassle d. work pace e. role ambiguity f. resource inadequacy g. job security h. role conflict i. work load j. job responsibility k. job complexity
d, i, j, and k
the human brain uses more energy making what kind of decisions? a. decisions involving an escalation of commitment b. decisions based on rules of thumb c. making decisions doesn't require any energy d. decisions based on heuristics e. non-programmed decisions f. programmed decisions
e
which of the following is an appropriate synonym for the word incentive: a. stimulus b. impetus c. motive d. inducement e. all of the above
e
think about strong performance management techniques. which of the following statements are true? a. being nice means that a leader should not tell a follower the truth about their poor performance b. it's constructive and wise to nicely, politely, and truthfully point out workers shortcomings without giving them suggestions c. performance appraisals are an excellent opportunity for leaders to give exclusive focus to the shortcomings of their followers d. leaders should largely base their evaluations of their followers based upon whether or not followers have positive work e. gathering good behavioral evidence aids leaders in making more accurate performance appraisals f. giving continuous feedback helps followers decrease their unrealistic perceptions about their performance g. every leader should focus on maximizing recency bias in order to improve performance appraisal h. good leaders should feel confident that they are in possession of all the knowledge of a follower's job performance. confident managers should not be concerned with those things they cannot or do not know about a follower's performance i. biases decrease the accuracy of performance appraisal j. good leaders gather good behavioral data, focus on behavior, tell the truth, and are nice when giving performance appraisals
e, f, i, and j
T or F: Gladwell believes that one of the strengths of the myers-briggs type indicator is that, for each of its four dimensions, it evaluates folks as "either one thing or another"
false
T or F: according to Casper, Wayne, and Manegold, there has been a ton of research done on targeted research, and thus their contribution is only of limited importance
false
T or F: according to Dr. Amen, using brain imaging to diagnose brain dysfunction is like throwing darts in the dark
false
T or F: an axiom is a theoretical statement. good axioms are testable, accurate, generalizable, parsimonious, and predictive
false
T or F: in expectancy theory, "expectancy" is the value of a reward
false
T or F: in expectancy theory, instrumentality is the value of a reward
false
T or F: in the article by Casper, Wayne, and Manegold, the authors used primarily survey data
false
T or F: mediation is the process of bringing in a third party who has the authority to act as a judge and make a binding decisions in the conflict situation
false
T or F: needs of workers are similar across culture
false
T or F: offering an innovation prize ($5,000) for new inventions is a great way to encourage creativity in the workplace
false
T or F: personal conflicts can be good in certain circumstances, but task conflicts are never good
false
T or F: positive psychology focuses on diagnosing what is wrong with people and "fixing" what is broken
false
T or F: the overall organizational structure (four main parts) of the brain is very different in humans compared to worms, sharks, and birds
false
T or F: the science on biological determinism is unequivocal; there is a biological basis for why there is unequal representation of the sexes in the STEM discipliens
false
T or F: when the purpose motive is decoupled from the profit motive, good things generally happen- good things like new ideas for products and services
false
in what states did dr goates and dr hargrove grow up?
idaho and texas
T or F: One of the weaknesses of the myers-briggs type indicator is that its authors didn't actually understand Carl Jung's theory of psychological frames upon which they claimed their personality test was based
true
T or F: americans have a higher tolerance for conflict as a way of working through issues than their japanese counterparts
true
T or F: an example of targeted recruiting: if you're trying to recruit more women, you might advertise diversity or family-friendly policies
true
T or F: formal organizations are best when alignment around a shared goal must be achieved and quickly
true
T or F: in the power elite, C Write Mills describes the power elite as people in pivotal positions within organizations; people who make decisions that have major consequences
true
T or F: individual psychological characteristics consist of both traits and state
true
T or F: one of the problems with the mission management team during the 2003 columbia mission was that rather than start with evidence and reach a conclusion based on that evidence, the MMT had a preconceived idea and saw all evidence within the frame of that idea
true
T or F: our best explanation for the under-representation of women in STEM disciplines is sociocultural- or the influence of family, neighborhood, school influences, training experiences, and cultural practice
true
T or F: system 1 guides, influences, and can even bias system 2
true
T or F: system 2 teaches, trains, and refines system 1
true
the importance and value placed on a reward in expectancy theory is known as a. valence b. likelihood c. instrumentality d. need
valence
Michael is part of an organizational behavior project group. The group decided on the overall theme of its project and individual members are now completing specific sections of the project. Michael has been e-mailing Rachel almost every day asking her opinion on various parts of his section. The group tends to sit together in class and they have even decided to go out for coffee after class next Tuesday. What phase of group development is Michael's group in? a. performing b. storming c. forming d. adjourning
a
The special challenges that virtual teams pose for a manager include all of the following but a. nature of decision making by virtual team b. nature of communication used with virtual team c. not being physically seen by managers d. building trust with virtual team
a
a present to future focused, developable state-like defined as believing in one's ability to obtain specific outcomes a. confidence b. hope c. optimism d. resiliency
a
after a well-publicized corporate bankruptcy, you overhear someone commenting that "big companies go bankrupt all the time." by likely overestimating the frequency of corporate bankruptcies, this person is falling victim to which of the following decision making biases? a. ease of recall bias/recency effect b. the conjunction fallacy c. retrievability bias d. insensitivity to base rates/base rate fallacy
a
all of the following are social roles but a. contributor b. cooperator c. communicator d. calibrator
a
ensuring that the tasks assigned to individuals are varied and appropriate to their capabilities- challenging them with complexity without overwhelming them- is an example of a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. all of the above
a
in "Personality Plus" Gladwell tells the story of Sandy Nininger... a. to demonstrate the potential usefulness of using personality testing to know beforehand, how certain people might behave in certain situations b. to illustrate the folly of relying on the myers-briggs type indicator to predict behavior c. to provide an example of dysfunctional personality
a
in expectancy theory, the close linkage of _____ to performance is crucial for enhancing motivation a. rewards b. satisfaction c. knowledge and skill d. equity
a
in influencing others, if your goal is to achieve commitment, you will have a high probability of success using... a. soft influence tactics b. upward appeals c. coercive power
a
in the story about the miner, both parties have several options for resolving the dispute. the superintendent explains that in a similar situation he would loan the miner boots in the short term, and buy him new boots in the long term, the superintendent is taking which approach to resolving the dispute? a. interest based b. rights based c. power based
a
james surowiecki uses the mission management team at NASA during the 2003 columbia mission as an example of how teams can a. make people dumber b. help people make better decisions c. fall victim to the recency bias d. fall victim to the fundamental attribution error
a
james surowiecki uses the term "intellectual swing" to mean a. a team that is working well b. the disciplining behavior that occurs in some groups and teams which prevents people from speaking their mind and enables group think c. group brainstorming d. a team that does not meet the promise of producing something greater than the sum of its parts
a
people who have a strong desire to influence others are high in a. need for power b. need for safety c. need for affiliation d. need for achievement
a
power that resides within the organization, and can only be exercised by a person occupying that position within the organization is called... a. legitimate power b. expert power c. referent power d. coercive power
a
select the incorrect statement from the below list a. organizations never change their cultures in response to external imperatives like customer requirements or societal expectations b. during the ownership phase of cultural socialization, organizational members begin to transmit the culture to others c. change in organizations requires leadership. cultural change is generally a top down process d. organizational cultures provide distinctiveness among various organizations. this affects an organizations' capabilities and core competencies
a
the competition conflict handling style a. is highly assertive but low on cooperation b. is uncooperative and unassertive c. is cooperative and unassertive d. is a middle ground style
a
the superintendent of the school district is writing a new mission statement for the district, he is engaged in the ____ role a. creator b. completer c. contractor d. contributor
a
the visible and accessible portion of culture, the part you can observe a. artifacts b. assumptions c. socialization d. values
a
when you care about diversity because you recognize that society is segmented, that some segments of society enjoy more privilege and power than others, but that people outside the dominate segment should be afforded opportunities in the workplace, you have adopted... a. the social justice model for embracing diversity b. the deficit model for embracing diversity c. the organizational justice model for embracing diversity d. a functional model for embracing diversity
a
which is the most effective technique for resolving disputes? a. reconciling interests b. determining who is right c. determining who is more powerful d. meeting in the middle
a
which style of negotiation is better suited to an interest based approach to negotiation? a. integrative b. distributive
a
which technique is the least expensive approach to resolving disputes? a. reconciling interests b. determining who is right c. determining who is more powerful d. meeting in the middle
a
according to lecture, which of the following qualify as soft influence tactics? a. persuasion b. information control c. assertiveness d. ingratiation e. silent authority
a and d
developing functional team norms is the most important thing team members can do to assure the success of the team. what sorts of team norms are most important? a. equality in distribution of conversational turn-taking b. casual, unstructured meetings which foster creativity c. efficient, agenda-driven meetings d. authoritative, hierarchical decision making e. high social sensitivity
a and e
select all of the statements that are supported by a careful reading of the dartey-baah and kwesi tawaiah article: a. organizations can adopt many effective techniques to encourage collective learning, techniques should be based on both individual and organizational characteristics b. performance standards are consistent across organizations, all managers tend to view good performance in the same way c. the timing of rewards and punishments is a significant factor with regard to making behavioral modification an effective technique d. systems of rewards and punishments should be carefully planned to assure alignment between reinforcements and organizational goals e. organizations all share the same basic culture, so ideal learning processes are the same in almost all organizations f. social learning theory provides a useful theoretical framework for management techniques that are both relevant and effective in many organizations g. classical conditioning is often used within organizations to reward desirable complex behaviors h. individual differences are not a significant factor when tailoring learning across an organization
a, c, d, and f
which of the following are hindrance stressors? a. administrative hassle b. job complexity c. organizational politics d. job insecurity e. work pace f. resource inadequacy g. role conflict h. work load i. job responsibility j. role ambiguity k. interpersonal conflict
a, c, d, f, g, j, k
which of the following are examples of surface-level diversity traits a. sex b. mental ability c. hair color d. beliefs about the value of work e. political sensibilities f. race g. ethnicity h. personality
a, c, f, g
which of the following scientists were discussed in the first week's lecture? a. edwin hubble b. niels bohr c. james watson d. galileo galilei e. copernicus f. stephen hawking g. madame curie
a, d, e, f
which of the following definitions of "organizational behavior" would be acceptable based upon the week 1 lecture? a. an interdisciplinary social science about people in organization b. distinct and discreet social science which generated theory for other disciplines c. principally concerned with helping managers obtain maximum performance from the actions of their employees in order to maximize profits and shareholder value d. about people, about how people interact with each other in organizations, and about the nature of organizations themselves e. concerned chiefly with helping managers describe the way in which organizations behave with one another f. the study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizations, primarily concerned with the psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral dynamics in organizations
a, d, f
select all the true statements a. effective commitment describes, in part, how much individuals are committed to organizations because they like to work there b. continuance commitment is typically targeted at peers c. employee attitudes determine employee behavior d. organizational citizenship behavior includes all the important things you do that are part of your job description e. managers can primarily help improve employee performance by directly changing employee attitudes f. evidence indicates that CWBs are more likely under conditions of low perceived procedural justice compared to low conditions of perceived distributive justice g. managers main focus should be in creating positive work conditions (stimuli for employees) that predict positive employee affect, cognition, and attitudes h. the reaction to low distributive justice conditions is primarily an effective (emotional) perception
a, f, g
matching: a. a specific target to shoot for, might have aggressive targets, conservative targets, etc b. the outcome you will experience if you fail to reach an agreement c. the worst outcome you're willing to accept in a negotiation, your "walk away" point d. being cognitively latched onto a point or range as a result of an opponent's extreme offer e. the overlap between your bargaining range and your opponents bargaining range (or the distance between resistance points, if positive) options: anchoring, ZOPA, aspiration, BATNA, resistance point
a. aspiration b. BATNA c. resistance point d. anchoring e. ZOPA
matching: a. process of changing the way a learner acts by providing positive or negative stimuli after a behavior b. a stimulus which serves to form a link between a natural stimulus and a natural reaction c. a process by which behavior is learned by watching "teachers" and duplicating desirable (or undesirable) behaviors d. the process by which a "learner" can come to reproduce that behavior e. process of changing the way a learner acts by providing positive or negative stimuli after a behavior options: observational learning, modeling, behavior modification, uncontrolled stimulus, reinforcement
a. behavior modification b. uncontrolled stimulus c. observational learning d. modeling e. reinforcement
match each technique with one of these big ideas: manage with evidence, diversity is good, know your people, be nice, it depends a. for its entry level clerical workers, an accounting firm works hard to capitalize on the many different size-fits-all job description which might challenge some while overwhelming others, the firm makes every effort to benefit from the variety of individual characteristics and capabilities of their new employees b. an HR manager, wendy, wants to help bill cope with stress better- provide a secondary intervention. she offers to pay for bill to go to a smoking cessation class because she knows that is personally important to bill c. smart managers carefully self monitor to avoid introducing unnecessary interpersonal conflict with their employees d. when managers encounter an employee in distress, an appropriate tertiary intervention is to listen, be empathetic, and seek help for that individual. this is also likely the most ethical and cost effective choice e. there is not one best way to manage stress within organizations. managers should tailor their practices to the context of the work f. different people can handle different kinds of stress. it is an asset to an organization to have people who have differing stress tolerances for different stressors
a. diversity is good b. know your people c. be nice d. be nice e. it depends f. diversity is good
matching a. the process in which a "teacher" ignores undesirable behavior from a learner; the absence of a response to a behavior designed to remove the behavioral link between a stimulus and a reaction b. withholding a reward would be an example of this c. the reaction to a stimulus which a learner performs naturally without being taught; a reaction to a stimulus which occurs without any learning d. cognitive process in which a target is aroused by a modeled behavior options: attention, negative reinforcement, extinction, uncontrolled response
a. extinction b. negative reinforcement c. uncontrolled response d. attention
matching: a. the degree to which individuals perceive themselves to "one" with the organization b. the degree to which individuals are willing to reply on the actions of the organization or organizational actors c. intentional employee behavior that is harmful to the legitimate interests of an organization d. voluntary behavior that violates institutionalized norms in doing so threatens the well-being of the organization e. the degree to which individuals meet the expectations for completion of their assigned tasks options: identification, workplace deviance, trust, counterproductive work behavior, performance
a. identification b. trust c. CWB d. workplace deviance e. performance
match each technique with one of these big ideas: manage with evidence, diversity is good, know your people, be nice, it depends a. after a major change in the productivity assigned to the employees in a department, absenteeism increases by 35% in one month. this data indicates that a stress intervention might be necessary b. one employee might be bored with a task assignment while another employee might be overwhelmed with the same task. good managers know what stressors might be challenging or hindering depending on the characteristics and capabilities of different employees c. an executive management team decides to increase employee health benefits to include group therapy stress prevention sessions because data indicates that better benefits reduce productivity losses due to absenteeism and turnover d. wise leaders will gather data about stress in their organization and use the data to build positive stress interventions in their organizations e. a manager in charge of the customer service department in two different locations sets the pace of work differently because she realizes that assignments should be continent on context of the work and the characteristics of the workers
a. manage with evidence b. know your people c. manage with evidence d. manage with evidence e. it depends
matching: a. the desire to continually improve b. a payment to stimulate greater output c. the ability to produce a desired result d. the freedom to direct our own lives e. the desire for our work to matter options: purpose, autonomy, mastery
a. mastery d. autonomy e. purpose
matching: a. based partially on Christian theology, this theory of leadership emphasizes a leadership's duties to place the interests of their followers above their own b. based on economic theory and operant conditioning, this theory of leadership emphasized leaders use of incentives, punishments, and deals to motivate followers c. this theory of leadership emphasize techniques by which followers can be changed by leadership d. this theory of leadership, sometimes criticized for being patriarchal, emphasizes leaders' personal abilities and charisma and posits that "leaders are born, not made" options: transactional leadership, trait theory, servant leadership, transformational leadership
a. servant leadership b. transactional leadership c. transformational leadership d. trait theory
matching: a. the degree to which individuals believe that their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being and fulfills socioemotional needs b. a stress-related outcome in which an individual is exhausted and de-motivated c. the degree to which an individual is psychologically attached to an organization d. the degree to which individuals perceive that they are treated fairly within an organization e. discretionary behavior "not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization options: burnout, social support, organizational justice, organizational commitment, citizenship behavior
a. social support b. burnout c. organizational commitment d. organizational justice e. citizenship behavior
matching: a. concerned with routine, repetitive, and/or structured problems b. concerned with new, unusual or unique problems options: system 1 or system 2
a. system 1 b. system 2
which of the following are examples of informational organizations? a. the underground railroad b. the back channels of influence in congress c. the mafia d. the rumor mill at your school
all of them
A movie called the "Money Pit" starring Tom Hanks and Shelley Long focused on the couple buying a house and continually having to spend money repairing one part of it after another. A number of times they should have sold the house, but they kept thinking that if they did just one more thing, the house would be great. This is situation is an example of what decision-making trap? a. anchoring b. escalation of commitment c. framing bias d. overconfidence bias
b
Maria strongly disliked working in groups in college because she always felt there was someone who did not "pull his weight." However, now that she is a manager, she must organize teams in her firm. Assuming she only received good advice, which of the following is NOT a tip to prevent social loafing she has received from other managers in her company? a. design and communicate to all group members how they will be evaluated b. choose a larger number of employees for each team c. assign engaging, challenging and rewarding tasks to group members d. define each individual's tasks in front of the group
b
a future focused, developable, state-like characteristic that offers an explanatory style that attributes positive vents to permanent and pervasive causes, and negative events to external, temporary, and situation specific ones a. confidence b. optimism c. hope d. resiliency
b
a picture of the company founder in the lobby of a corporate office is an example of a. socialization b. artifact c. value d. assumption
b
after working as a salesperson in an appliance store for a while, you begin to become dissatisifed with various rules and regulations at work, or a. motivator factors b. hygiene factors c. theory Y assumptions d. relatedness concerns
b
characteristics of cohesive groups include all of the following but a. having a collective identity b. having a random pattern of communication c. having a desire to remain as a member of the group d. working together on a meaningful task
b
examples of process loss include all of the following but a. product quality b. lack of motivation c. product sales d. ramp up time
b
in 1514, a polish priest named Nicholas Copernicus published an updated model of the universe. However, he didn't want his name attached to the model. Why did he likely publish his work anonymously? a. he planned to accept credit only if the model proved popular b. he was worried about being labeled a heretic by his church c. he wasn't confident it was accurate d. he wanted to be known only for his religious publications and not those dealing with science
b
in the power elite, c wright mills writes of 3 categories of institutions where power used to reside in american culture, what were they? a. military, corporate (economic) and political b. family, church and educational c. military, corporate (economic) and educational d. military, educational and political
b
in the story about the miner, both parties have several options for resolving the dispute. when the miner's shift boss explains to the miner that the company isn't responsible for personal property left on company premises, he is taking what kind of approach to resolving the dispute? a. interest based b. rights based c. power based
b
jennifer has been very emphatic in her comments supporting the new addition to the product line. christopher has been equally spirited in his opposition to the new item. gordon and antonio seem to be learning to jennifer's perspective while marques supports christopher. the discussion about the product has consumed the last hour of the meeting of the marketing group. at what stage of tuckman's model does this group seem to be functioning? a. forming b. storming c. norming d. performing
b
the primary function of the cerebrum a. maintaining homeostasis b. integration c. motor control d. emotional response e. none of the above
b
to satisfice is to a. set parameters against which of the potential options can be evaluated b. accept the first alternative that meets your general criteria c. create new ideas that are original, fluent and flexible d. be influenced by the way in which problems are framed
b
when decision makers unconsciously seek only information that supports their underlying intuitions, it is called a. the gambler's fallacy b. confirmation bias c. hindsight bias d. the fundamental attribution error
b
which of the two commonly used personality tests discussed in lecture enjoys the most support and statistical validity among psychologist and other personality scholars? a. myers-briggs type indicator b. the big five
b
as a leader, it is important for you to know your people... a. that will enable you to modify and observe their attitudes and affect and make them behave i more positive ways in the workplace b. that will enable you to make more appropriate managerial responses to their workplace behaviors and motivate them by offering more tailored rewards c. that will help you to change their trait-like characteristics (like personality) to better fit the requirements of the job and build more positive attitudes like job satisfaction and effective commitment d. that will help you to change your trait-like characteristics (like personality) to better fit their needs as a leader e. that will help you to completely prevent negative work behaviors like CWB or absenteeism f. because that will help you to better satisfy their needs and create optimal motivating stimuli for them at work
b and f
according to hawking, the greeks had ate least three good reasons for believing the Earth was round. what were they? a. they believed that the earth was a toy of Titans, and thrown about through the cosmos. They used such mythos to explain the seasons and cosmic events b. as they traveled north, they noticed the North Star rose in the sky, and as they traveled south it dropped c. by this time the Greeks had already sailed around the world and created a primitive globe d. during an eclipse of the moon, the shadow of the Earth always appeared round e. they noticed that when a ship was coming into port, folks on the shore could see the mast before they could see the hull
b, d, e
a heuristic is a. only a problem for people who don't have an education b. a device or method for assuring rational decisions c. a mental shortcut for making quick decisions
c
according to expectancy theory, if you wanted to increase the expectancy of your employees, you might: a. pay employees more b. make sure you are consistent in rewarding behavior c. ensure that your employees are well trained and have the tools and support they need to do their jobs d. find out what outcomes your employees value and offer those outcomes as reward to performance
c
after working as a salesperson in an appliance store for a while, you believe the company needs to take its marketing more seriously and you begin to suggest to your boss ideas for various promotions. if allowed to pursue these ideas, Hertzberg would say you are more likely to experience: a. hygiene factors b. theory Y assumptions c. job satisfaction d. relatedness concerns
c
an individual future focused, developable, state-like characteristic described as having the willpower and pathways to attain goals: a. confidence (self-efficacy) b. optimism c. hope d. resiliency
c
followers who are active follow leaders but cannot function independently are... a. sheep b. alienated workers c. yes people d. survivors
c
humans are very good at seeing patterns, but not so good at recognizing the problem. our misconception of chance in certain circumstances is due to our forgetting what important statistical principle? a. populations are not always distributed evenly b. conjunctive events are less likely than disjunctive events c. the independence of multiple random events d. that there are three types of averages, mean, median, and mode, and that the values of the three are often not the same
c
in the power elite, c wright mills writes of 3 categories of institutions where power resides now in american culture, which were they? a. military, educational and political b. family, church and educational c. military, corporate (economic) and political d. military, corporate (economic) and educational
c
in the story about the miner, both parties have several options for resolving the dispute. when the miner gets his buddies to walk out, and the rest of the workers follow, the miner is taking which approach to resolving the dispute? a. interest based b. rights based c. power based
c
providing a comprehensive suite of behavioral health benefits (like psychotherapy) for employees who are burned-out or depressed as a result of organizational stress would be an example of... a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. none of the above e. all of the above
c
sherlock holmes observes all the facts and from them develops a theory of the crime. this is illustrative of what kind of reasoning? a. ontological b. binary c. inductive d. deductive
c
the collaborative conflict handling style is a. low in cooperativeness and low in competitiveness b. high in competitiveness and low in cooperativeness c. low in competitiveness and high in cooperativeness d. high in cooperativeness and high in competitiveness
c
the degree to which you believe outcomes are linked with performance is represented by: a. valence b. likelihood c. instrumentality d. need
c
the four lobes of the brain taken together make up what? a. medulla oblongata b. midbrain c. cerebral cortex d. amygdala
c
the internal, perhaps unconscious calculus that people use to compare the relative fairness of their inputs (what they give to the organization) versus their outputs (what they get from organization) is called... a. upward appeal b. zone of potential agreement c. equity ratio d. anchoring and adjustment
c
the main purpose of Dr. Amen's Ted Talk was to: a. decrease the amount of psychotropic drugs prescribed to patients b. debunk the myth that talk therapy works c. emphasize that brains can be changed and lives can be improved d. all of the above
c
the milgram experiments illustrate the magnitude and/or intensity of what kind of power? a. inherent b. expert c. legitimate d. referent
c
the process by which newcomers learn the organizational culture a. personal enactment b. perspective-taking c. socialization d. triangulation
c
the taken-for-granted, unseen part of culture a. artifacts b. rituals c. assumptions d. socialization
c
what was the primary conclusions from the experiment involving Bionicles (and the Sisyphus condition)? a. people will work as long as they believe they're being compensated fairly for their time b. employees will not find purpose in work they don't actually like doing c. motivation to complete a task is reduced substantially when people don't feel like there's any point to the work they're doing d. only people who like Legos are interested in putting Bionicles together for pay
c
which of the following is a valid conclusion regarding Herzberg's two factor theory (aka the motivator hygiene theory of job satisfaction)? a. the presence of motivation factors is not necessarily essential to enhancing employee motivation to excel at work b. the model has adequately defined the ways individuals differ from each other c. hygiene factors are important to a certain level, but unimportant beyond that threshold d. hygiene factors are of critical value to enhancing motivation
c
which of the following is the order Tuckman proposes for group development stages? a. forming, storming, performing, norming, and adjourning b. forming, performing, storming, norming, and adjourning c. forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning d. forming, norming, storming, performing, and adjourning
c
who were the subjects in the study performed by Casper, Wayne, and Manegold? a. working professionals b. hospital workers c. university students d. crowd-sourced online subjects
c
7 big ideas of the course
1. be nice 2. know your people 3. manage with evidence 4. it depends 5. diversity is good 6. things are complicated and complex 7. culture matters
