Final Exam

Why did John F. Kennedy consider civil rights a moral crisis for the nation? A) He saw how racial tensions divided his own family. B) He had personally witnessed the hardships of Jim Crow growing up. C) He did not think racial equality in the United States possible without reparations for slavery. D) He found racial discrimination incompatible with the United States' claim for leadership of the free world.

He found racial discrimination incompatible with the United States' claim for leadership of the free world.

Why did Harry Truman's loyalty review system target homosexuals working for the government? A) The president was an outspoken homophobe. B) Joseph McCarthy's announced that there were over fifty homosexuals in the State Department and forced Truman's hand. C) Homosexuals were legally prohibited from working for the government. D) Homosexuals were considered susceptible to blackmail and thought to be lacking the manly qualities necessary to fight communism.

. Homosexuals were considered susceptible to blackmail and thought to be lacking the manly qualities necessary to fight communism.

Japan's constitution, which Americans had written, provided for the first time in Japanese history: A) a written constitution. B) freedom of speech. C) women's suffrage. D) procedural due process. E) freedom of assembly.

. women's suffrage.

Jimmy Carter won the 1976 presidential race in part because he: A) promised never to lie to Americans. B) pledged to pardon Richard Nixon. C) did not support affirmative action. D) was connected within the Washington political scene.

Promised to never lie to the American people.

The economic condition known as stagflation was caused by: A) declining oil prices. B) low inflation rates. C) stagnant economic growth & low inflation. D) stagnant economic growth & high inflation. E) high income tax rates

Stagnant economic growth and high inflation.

William Levitt, with the help of the GI Bill, gave many Americans the opportunity to: A) get an education. B) buy a home. C) buy a gray flannel suit. D) buy a car. E) advance within the military.

b) buy a home.

The antiwar movement: A) attracted only draft-age males. B) was of little interest to civil-rights activists. C) never built a mass constituency. D) had little impact on public opinion. E) challenged the foundations of Cold War thinking.

challenged the foundations of Cold War thinking.

In 1954, the Supreme Court case known as Brown v. Board of Education: a. declared lynching unconstitutional. b. found that segregation in bus stations was unlawful. c. extended the Plessey v. Ferguson ruling to include schools. d. found that separate-but-equal was unconstitutional. e. found that separate-but-equal was constitutional.

found that the separate-but-equal doctrine was unconstitutional.

The 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon: A) was broadcast only on the radio. B) allowed Nixon to demonstrate his best qualities, thus winning the debate. C) showed Kennedy to be an ineffective speaker, & thus he lost. D) highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns. E) was little noticed at the time.

highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns.

The "Iron Curtain": A) separated the free West from the communist East. B) divided East and West Germany. C) separated the U S from the Soviet Union. D) separated Japan from Asia. E) divided North & South Korea.

separated the free West from the communist East.

The 1960 sit-in at Greensboro, North Carolina: A) sparked similar successful demonstrations throughout the South. B) did not end with integration of the Woolworth's lunch counter. C) encountered a harsh reaction from Greensboro's police force, which jailed the four ringleaders. D) was staged in one of the most notoriously racist cities of the South, where angry residents remained deeply committed to the racial divide

sparked similar successful demonstrations throughout the South.

in 1967, the Supreme Court ruled in Loving v. Virginia that: A) suspects could refuse to cooperate with police. B) local elections could be monitored by federal officials. C) state laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional. D) those in police custody had certain rights. E) school prayer was unconstitutiona

state laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional.

In 1966, the Supreme Court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona that: A) suspects could not refuse to cooperate with police. B) local elections could be monitored by federal officials. C) states must permit interracial marriage. D) those in police custody had certain rights. E) school prayer was unconstitutional

those in police custody had certain rights.

The Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision: A) created a woman's constitutional right to an abortion. B) was the least controversial piece of the rights revolution. C) provoked little opposition. D) declared school prayer was unconstitutional.

treated a woman's constitutional right to an abortion.

Ngo Dinh Diem: A) had allied with Ho Chi Minh in the struggle against Japanese occupation of Indochina during World War II. B) was backed by the United States in his decision to ignore the Geneva Accords' plan for elections in Vietnam. C) agreed to hold elections in South Vietnam in 1956. D) refused American aid intended to bolster his regime.

was backed by the United States in his decision to ignore the Geneva Accords' plan for elections in Vietnam.

What about the golden age of capitalism between 1946 and 1960 was most beneficial for Americans? A) The American GNP more than doubled. B) The United States maintained a trade surplus. C) Prices remained stable. D) Most monetary gains reached ordinary citizens through rising wages.

. Most monetary gains reached ordinary citizens through rising wages. B

Which statement best describes what NSC-68 called for? A) Patience on the part of the United States in dealing with the Soviets. B) A permanent military buildup & a global application of containment. C) Limited strategic goals, confronting the Soviets only at key industrial areas. D) A sole reliance on nuclear weapons in order to spare conventional forces.

A permanent military buildup and a global

Chicano farm workers found a powerful advocate in: A) the bracero program. B) Cesar Chavez. C) Mario Savio. D) Carlos Bulosan. E) the Border Patrol.

B) Cesar Chavez.

In the 1950s what did the term "totalitarianism" describe? A) Fascism & national socialism. B) Socialism & communism. C) Social democracy and the New Deal. D) Fascism, Nazism, and communism. E) Capitalism and conservatism.

Fascism, Nazism, and communism.

President Carter's foreign policy emphasized: A) the need to fight communism around the world. B) the policy of containment. C) the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America. D) an increased military presence in Southeast Asia. E) human rights as a diplomatic priority.

Human rights as a diplomatic priority

What made the Army-McCarthy Hearings unusual for American television programming of the 1950s? A) It appeared in color. B) It was the first live broadcast. C) It was the first broadcast via satellite. D) It was deeply political & controversial

It was deeply political and controversial.

Which statement best describes how the white South reacted to the Brown v. Board of Education decision? A) In opposition to integration, white southerners often burned down schools. B) While the general public was outraged, southern congressional politicians supported the Supreme Court's decisions. C) Southerners worked closely with the NAACP, cooperating when they could to integrate schools. D) Some states closed the public schools rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools.

Some states closed the public schools rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools.

The charges against which of the following organizations led to the downfall of Joseph McCarthy in 1954? A) Defense Department. B) The Voice of America. C) The State Department. D) The Army. E) The Communist Party.

The Army.

What inspiration did Martin Luther King Jr. gain from Mahatma Gandhi? A) The concept of black nationalism. B) The principles of Zen pacifism. C) The notion of subversive obedience. D) The idea of peaceful civil disobedience.

The idea of peaceful civil disobedience.

What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings? A) They were all communists and did want to indict themselves. B) Ronald Reagan had threatened that they would lose their jobs if they cooperated. C) They were all busy making movies and did not have time to attend the hearings. D) They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment. E) As Republicans, they were insulted that their loyalty was being questioned.

They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment.

How did the United States respond to Joseph Stalin's blockade around Berlin? A) Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift. B) Truman put American forces on high alert and threatened atomic war if Stalin did not lift the blockade. C) Truman ignored it. D) Truman asked the United Nations to place an embargo on all goods going to the Soviet Union. E) American forces forced their way through the road blockade with a caravan of armored tanks.

Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift.

During Freedom Summer: A) very few white college students participated. B) only black activists participated in the voter registration campaign. C) signers of the Southern Manifesto launched a campaign against integration. D) a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi. E) there was little violence.

a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi.

In the Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan: A) focused on the plight of working-class women. B) emphasized the role of child rearing for women. C) focused on the discontents of middle-class women. D) focused on the particular plight of black women. E) emphasized the role women played in the antiwar movement.

focused on the discontents of middle-class women.

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring inspired the: A) environmental movement. B) feminist movement. C) gay liberation movement. D) conservative movement. E) Indian movement.

A) environmental movement

In the aftermath of World War II: A) very few women lost their wartime jobs to returning veterans. B) the majority of returning G.I.s went back to work. C) the United States experienced difficulty demobilizing, prompting Congress to keep in place most wartime economic measures. D) Americans paid more for consumer goods. E) B and D

B and D: the majority of returning G.I.s went back to work. Americans paid more for consumer goods.

The Black Panther Party: A) repudiated the notion of "black power" and worked for reconciliation between the divided factions of SNCC and CORE. B) provided education and healthcare to urban residents. C) unlike other black militant groups of the era, did not suffer from internal dissension. D) became a target of the FBI and California police. E) B & D

B or E

What did President John F. Kennedy have in common with his predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower? A) Both came from the conservative wing of the Democratic Party. B) Both had been high-ranking officers during the U.S. invasion of France in World War II. C) Both preferred the challenges of domestic policy rather than foreign affairs. D) Both tended to view the entire world through the lens of the Cold War. E) Both came from Massachusetts

Both tended to view the entire world through the lens of the Cold War.

The Three Mile Island nuclear plant: A) proved the success of the alternative energy resource. B) was the first of its kind to be operational. C) brought a halt to the nuclear energy industry's expansion. D) was the first nuclear plant to have an accident. E) stood as a symbol of American scientific and technologic superiority.

Brought a halt to the nuclear energy industry's expansion.

The "Third World": A) encompassed enormous range of territory, including several tiny western European nations. B) was largely left out of the Cold War struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. C) was an invented term describing developing nations not aligned with either the Soviet Union or United States. D) included many nations newly created out of former European colonies. E) A and B F) C and D

C and D C) was an invented term describing developing nations not aligned with either the Soviet Union or United States. D) included many nations newly created out of former European colonies.

Which statement about the Korean conflict is FALSE? A) The United Nations authorized the use of forces to repel the North Koreans. B) Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did. C) General MacArthur argued for an invasion of China and for the use of nuclear weapons. D) Truman removed General MacArthur from his command when he publicly criticized Truman. E) The war ended in a cease-fire, not with a formal peace treaty.

Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did.

All of the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT: A) the Cold War reshaped immigration policy. B) the Cold War promoted the rapid expansion of higher education. C) Cold War policy supported scientific research in medicine and computers. D) the Cold War contributed to the dismantling of segregation. E) Cold War military spending weakened the economy.

Cold War military spending weakened the economy.

How did President Dwight D. Eisenhower surpass the New Deal in government involvement in the economy? A) He established the Veterans Administration health-care system. B) He presided over the construction of 41,000 miles of interstate highways. C) He established the most generous agricultural subsidy programs in the nation's history. D) He signed Medicaid and Medicare into law. E) He established the Head Start pre-school program.

He presided over the construction of 41,000 miles of interstate highways.

What did events surrounding the Watergate break-in and cover-up suggest about Richard Nixon? A) That despite his involvement after the fact, he believed that even the president was not above the law. B) He was willing to condone illegal activity if it would silence his political enemies. C) His refusal to surrender the White House tapes initially showed strength and bolstered his standing with the American people. D) A and B

He was willing to condone illegal activity if it would silence his political enemies.

How did the Soviet focus on social and economic rights in the Cold War human rights debate affect American attitudes? A) It caused millions of Americans to be jealous and get curious about the Soviet Union. B) It inspired American politicians to invoke the example of the Soviet Union in order to push for bolder reincarnations of the New Deal. C) In the climate of anti-communist hysteria, it prompted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism. D) It gave Americans comfort to know that their own emphasis on social & economic rights placed them far ahead of the Soviet Union.

In the climate of anti communist hysteria, it prompted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of the My Lai massacre. A) The military cover-up of the atrocity prevented the guilty parties from ever facing trial. B) American public opinion declared the defendants guilty before there even was a trial. C) The leaders responsible for the massacre were all sentenced to life and remain in jail to this day. D) One person was found guilty in this killing of 350 civilians, but was released in 1974.

One person was found guilty in this killing of 350 civilians, but was released in 1974.

Why were American suburbs of the 1950s so heavily segregated? A) African-Americans preferred to live in the inner cities. B) Neighborhoods formed around churches, and as long as churches were segregated, suburbs would remain so as well. C) All states had laws in place mandating the segregation of residential districts. D) Residents, brokers, and realtors dealt in contracts and mortgages that barred the sale to non-white residents.

Residents, brokers, and realtors dealt in contracts and mortgages that barred the sale to non-white residents.

What did Eleanor Roosevelt do of particular significance several years after the war ended? A) She acted as the U.S. representative in attendance at the Nuremburg Trials. B) She chaired the committee which drafted the United Nation's "Universal Declaration of Human Rights." C) She became an outspoken critic of Communist independence movements around the world. D) She traveled to China in an attempt to broker an end to the bitter civil war.

She chaired the committee which drafted the United Nation's "Universal Declaration of Human Rights."

Who were the "Dixiecrats"? A) Members of the national press corps who covered the story of Strom Thurmond's breakaway from the Democratic Party. B) Southern Democrats who walked out of the 1948 convention to form the "States' Rights Democratic Party." C) Southern labor organizers who campaigned against passage of the Taft-Hartley Act. D) Republicans who favored maintaining segregation in the South in support of the principle of states' rights.

Southern Democrats who walked out of the 1948 convention to form the "States' Rights Democratic Party."

Which of the following was NOT true of the Cuban Missile Crisis? A) The crisis was part of a dispute between the United States and the Soviet Union after a U.S. Navy vessel carrying nuclear warheads was intercepted off the coast of Turkey. B) The crisis erupted after U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. C) The standoff brought the United States to the brink of nuclear war with the Soviet Union. D) Kennedy was appalled that military leaders had discussed "winning" a nuclear war, prompting him to sign an above-ground nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviets the following year.

The crisis was part of a dispute between the United States and the Soviet Union after a U.S. Navy vessel carrying nuclear warheads was intercepted off the coast of Turkey.

What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970? A) The Viet Cong lost access to its Ho Chi Minh Trail. B) South Vietnam gained increasing influence over a weak neighbor. C) The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime. D) The impressive military action convinced Communist China to approach the U. S.

The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime.

How had the political climate changed in the South during World War II in the early Cold War years? A) The mass exodus of African-Americans for the West Coast and Northeast left the region almost exclusively white. B) The high concentration of prisoner-of-war camps in the region had made these southerners savvy in foreign affairs. C) The number of African-Americans in the region that were registered to vote increased sevenfold. D) In light of the fight against an enemy with a racial ideology, the states of the upper South abolished segregation and Jim Crow rule.

The mass exodus of African-Americans for the West Coast and Northeast left the region almost exclusively white.

Why did American policymakers spend billions of dollars on the economic recovery of Europe under the Marshall Plan? A) They hoped to provoke the Soviet Union with this program. B) They were trying to further solidify the division between the East and the West on the continent. C) They were happy to provide their own constituents with profitable defense contracts. D) They were afraid that if they did not help with the recovery, western European nations might fall into the Soviet sphere of influence. E) Most Americans still had immediate family in Europe and felt a strong personal connection.

They were afraid that if they did not help with the recovery, western European nations might fall into the Soviet sphere of influence.

Why did the gay and lesbian movement become a major concern for the political right after the late 1960s? A) They understood that the popular gay movement could convert hundreds and thousands of impressionable youth. B) Thousands of new civil rights movements encouraged gays and lesbians to "come out." C) They feared that gays and lesbians might push for an end to the "don't ask, don't tell" policy. D) They suspected that many among their ranks were gay and lesbian themselves. E) They feared that the gay & lesbian movement might push for higher taxes on the wealthy.____

Thousands of new civil rights movements encouraged gay and lesbians to come out

Which of the following events did NOT occur after Truman's 1947 speech to Congress? A) A precedent was established for the United States to support "freedom-loving peoples" everywhere in their struggles against communism. B) Congress approved $400 million in U.S. military aid to Greece and Turkey. C) Truman received only immediate, short-term Republican support for his containment policies. D) The Central Intelligence Agency and the Atomic Energy Commission were set up without democratic oversight.

Truman received only immediate, short-term Republican support for his containment policies

Why are the riots in American cities during the 1960s best understood as battles? A) The Department of Defense deployed regular army units to suppress these uprisings. B) African-American rioters often had received military training in Cuba and Venezuela. C) Urban blacks saw the predominantly white police force as an occupying army. D) Rioters frequently employed weapons otherwise only used in military combat operations.

Urban blacks saw the predominantly white police force as an occupying army.

Which of the following is NOT true about the growth of the postwar West? A) Unlike in previous migrations, people flowed into the region from all parts of the country. B) Washington and Oregon eclipsed California's population, due to unprecedented employment opportunities in the defense industry. C) Most western growth took place in urban, rather than rural areas. D) Oil production led to explosive population growth in Dallas and Houston.

Washington and Oregon eclipsed California's population, due to unprecedented employment opportunities in the defense industry.

Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed which kind of individuals to his cabinet? A) The "best & brightest," young intellectuals in their fields. B) Former government men who had lots of combined political experience. C) Wealthy businessmen to run the government like an efficient business. D) A balanced mixture of Republicans & Democrats, since his party did not control Congress. E) Men with little experience so that he could have complete control over domestic and foreign affairs.

Wealthy businessmen to run the government like an efficient business.

After the Stonewall riot: A) gay men and lesbians divided into two separate political movements. B) the gay liberation movement came to an end. C) prejudice against lesbians ended. D) a militant gay liberation movement was born.

a militant gay liberation movement was born.

The National Organization for Women (NOW) campaigned for all of the following EXCEPT: A) an end to the mass media's false image of women. B) equal job opportunities for women. C) equal educational opportunities. D) equal opportunities in politics. E) an end to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

an end to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

The Gulf of Tonkin resolution: A) was a nonbinding measure that passed both the House and Senate calling for peace negotiations between North and South Vietnam. B) was opposed by the majority of lawmakers in Congress. C) authorized a ground invasion of U.S. troops into North Vietnam. D) authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam.

authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietna

During the 1950s, television: A) effectively spread images of working-class life to a growing number of Americans. B) tried to replace newspapers as the most common source of information but failed. C) became the nation's least favorite form of leisure activity. D) became an effective advertising medium. E) presented shows that were controversial.

became an effective advertising medium.

The free speech movement: A) failed to establish free speech on college campuses. B) began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political groups convening & distributing literature at a central meeting place. C) began in Los Angeles to protest a campus ban on political literature. D) began in Port Huron to protest a campus ban on political literature.

began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political groups convening and distributing literature at a central meeting pla

The Truman Doctrine: A) advocated a return to isolationism. B) was an alliance between the United States and Great Britain. C) called for more cordial relations with the Soviet Union. D) committed the United States to fighting communism only in Asia. E) committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere.

committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere.

The Nixon Administration: A) created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). B) was not interested in enlarging the federal government with new agencies other than the EPA. C) did not support the Endangered Species Act, which was vetoed by Nixon but survived with a congressional override. D) A and C

continued to undermine Third World governments.

Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's policy of massive retaliation: A) was part of the effort to rely more on conventional forces. B) eased tensions between the United States & the Soviet Union. C) calmed the American public's fear of nuclear war. D) applied only to communist China. E) declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack.

declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack.

The American Indian Movement: A) was in opposition to the Red Power movement. B) demanded the end of the tribal system. C) demanded greater tribal self-government. D) urged all Indians to leave their reservations. E) demanded greater federal control of the reservation system.____43.

demanded greater tribal self-government.

The "social contract": A) describes the new style of cooperation between labor and management that emerged in the 1950s and 60s. B) was of great benefit to union and the majority of nonunion workers alike. C) did not include wage increases or health insurance. D) was accepted by the National Association of Manufacturers as a compromise measure to ease labor disputes eroding industry profits.

describes the new style of cooperation between labor and management that emerged in the 1950s and 60s.

The new conservatives: A) spoke the language of personal autonomy. B) emphasized tradition, community, and moral commitment. C) supported a more centralized federal government. D) were also known as libertarians.

emphasized tradition, community, and moral commitment.

The impact of the Cold War on American culture was: A) especially evident in the movies. B) limited in scope. C) discouraged in the public schools. D) widely criticized by the news media. E) felt mostly in the cities.

especially evident in the movies

To combat communism, one of John F. Kennedy's first acts was to: A) call for a summit meeting between the two superpowers. B) increase military spending on ballistic missiles. C) suggest a ban on nuclear weapons. D) deploy combat troops to Vietnam. E) establish the Peace Corps

establish the Peace Corps.

Affirmative action was: A) found unconstitutional during the Nixon administration. B) mandated by law only for construction workers. C) implemented only in Philadelphia. D) never a priority during the Nixon administration. E) first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration.

first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration.

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that: A) affirmative action was unconstitutional. B) racial quotas for college admissions were constitutional. C) fixed affirmative action quotas were unconstitutional. D) race could no longer be used as a factor in college admissions. E) gender could no longer be used as a factor in college admissions.

fixed affirmative action quotas were unconstitutional.

During the Cold War, Americans: A) formed anticommunist groups who pressured public libraries to remove ""un-American" books from their shelves. B) were united in their outrage over the jailing of Communist Party leaders. C) fired teachers who refused to sign loyalty oaths. D) remained generally unconcerned over the prospect of communists living in America. E) A and C

formed anticommunist groups who pressured public libraries to remove "un-American" books from their shelves.

To wage the cultural Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department: A) promoted the work of artist Norman Rockwell. B) censored the work of modern artists. C) funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits. D) sought to censor the work of painter Jackson Pollock.

funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits.

When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into: A) the psychiatrist Daniel Ellsberg's office. B) the Washington Post's headquarters. C) the Democratic Party headquarters. D) George McGovern's apartment. E) the Committee to Reelect the President's headquarters.

he Democratic Party headquarters.

During the Eisenhower administration, U.S.-Soviet relations: A) were made worse with the introduction of the policy of massive retaliation. B) improved somewhat after the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin. C) stayed about the same as those experienced during the Truman years. D) worsened considerably after the death of Stalin.

improved somewhat after the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A) was immediately ratified by Congress. B) was honored by both the United States and the Soviets. C) included freedom of speech and religion. D) was drafted by President Truman. E) did not address economic rights.

included freedom of speech and religion.

During the 1950s, American teenagers: A) declined in number within the general population. B) increased in number and were often perceived to be alienated. C) were not viewed as a distinct population group. D) voted in significant numbers.

increased in number and were often perceived to be alienated.

To libertarian conservatives, freedom meant: A) first and foremost a moral condition. B) individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism. C) using government as a vehicle for social reform, ensuring an equal distribution of wealth. D) what it did in the late eighteenth century—the right to own property and to vote.

individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism.

During the 1970s, conservatives: A) continued their overt opposition to the black struggle for racial justice. B) insisted on more local control & resisted the power of the federal government. C) employed the fiery rhetoric & confrontation tactics of Bull Connor & George Wallace. D) made little progress. E) appealed primarily to urban American

insisted on more local control and resisted the power of the federal government.

Malcolm X: A) supported integration efforts. B) worked with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. C) insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy. D) felt that the Black Power movement went too far.

insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy.

The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis: A) was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter. B) restored Americans' confidence in their nation. C) made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept. D) made Ronald Reagan appear weak and inept. E) ended with the signing of the Camp David Accords.

made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept.

Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president in 1952 in part because he: A) pledged to use nuclear weapons in the Korean War. B) promised to dismantle the New Deal. C) supported civil rights. D) manifested a public image of fatherly warmth. E) promised to cut highway construction spendin

manifested a public image of fatherly warmth.

Between 1946 and 1960, the American gross national product: A) more than doubled, and wages increased. B) declined as wages stagnated. C) stayed about the same. D) returned to prewar levels.

more than doubled, and wages increased.

During the 1950s, Americans: A) tended to marry later in life than did previous generations. B) experienced a declining birth rate. C) stressed the importance of a college education, especially for women. D) on average married younger and had more children than previous generations. E) encouraged women to choose careers over marriage.

on average married younger and had more children than previous generations.

The policy of "containment" can best be described as: A) preventing the expansion of U.S. economic interests in Latin America to appease growing unrest in impoverished regions. B) a focus on the containment of further military conflict in the postwar world. C) preventing the spread of communism worldwide. D) George Kennan's theory that the United States must pursue normal relations with the Soviet Union, or fail to contain Chinese postwar aggression. E) C and D

preventing the spread of communism worldwide.

President Truman's civil rights plan called for all of the following EXCEPT: A) a permanent federal civil rights commission. B) national laws against lynching & the poll tax. C) equal access to jobs. D) reparations. E) equal access to education.

reparations.

The Southern Manifesto: A) rejected massive resistance. B) argued that southern states should not fly the Confederate flag over state capitol buildings. C) repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education. D) argued that the Brown v. Board of Education decision reinforced southern customs and traditions.

repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education.

During the Bay of Pigs invasion: A) the CIA failed in its mission. B) Eisenhower suspended trade with Cuba. C) the CIA restored Fulgencio Batista to power. D) a popular uprising of anti-Castro Cubans toppled Castro's regime.

the CIA failed in its mission.

Republican Barry Goldwater viewed as a threat to freedom: A) the New Deal welfare state. B) the nuclear weapons buildup. C) the military-industrial complex. D) the proliferation of private charities. E) large corporation

the New Deal welfare state

After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was: A) the Soviet Union. B) Germany. C) Japan.

the Soviet Union.

In his 1961 farewell address, President Eisenhower warned Americans about: A) the military-industrial complex. B) rise of organized crime. C) increase in juvenile delinquency. D) environmental hazards. E) the civil rights movement.

the military-industrial complex.

Black Power emerged as a response to all of the following factors EXCEPT: A) frustrations over the federal government's failure to stop violence against civil rights workers. B) white workers' attempts to determine the civil rights movement's strategy. C) the civil rights movement's failure to have any impact on the economic problems of black ghettos. D) the growing ideas of racial self-assertion and black self-determination. E) the passage of the Civil Rights Act.

the passage of the Civil Rights Act.

The 1963 March on Washington: A) included various female speakers. B) included speeches with militant language. C) focused solely on economic justice. D) focused solely on a languishing civil rights bill. E) was a high point in black and white cooperation

was a high point in black and white cooperation.

Operation Wetback: A) was the code name for a CIA operation conducted on the border between Texas and Mexico. B) was how leftist news organizations described the McCarran-Walter Act. C) was a military operation that rounded up illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods for deportation. D) was opposed by President Truman.

was a military operation that rounded up illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods for deportation.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott: A) was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat up to a white man. B) did not succeed in desegregating the public buses. C) propelled Thurgood Marshall into the national spotlight as a leader in the civil rights movement. D) marked the end of the civil rights movement. E) lasted less than two weeks

was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man.

During the Cold War, religious differences: A) created much division among Americans. B) were heightened by the growth of the suburbs. C) were not a factor, as church and synagogue membership declined. D) were intensified through the institution of school prayer. E) were absorbed within the notion of a common Judeo-Christian heritage.

were absorbed within the notion of a common Judeo-Christian heritage.

Governor Orval Faubus responded to the court-ordered desegregation of Central High School: A) by urging President Eisenhower to send in federal troops. B) with defiance, refusing to comply and allowing violence to break out. C) by offering his resignation to the people of Arkansas in protest. D) by immediately closing Central High School, much like Virginia's governor had to close public schools in Virginia rather than integrate them.

with defiance, refusing to comply and allowing violence to break out.