Final Exam Prep 2
Spleen is the __ most common site of metastases.
10th
Which one of the following syndromes demonstrates a decrease in adrenal function? 1) Adrenogenital 2) Addison 3) Conn 4) Cushing
2) Addison
Which one of the following is the most common cause of primary adrenal tumors? 1) Cyst 2) Adenoma 3) Carcinoma 4) Pheochromocytoma
2) Adenoma
Metastases to the adrenal gland are most commonly caused by primary carcinoma of the __________, __________, and __________. 1) Breast; liver; kidney 2) Lung; breast; stomach 3) Lung; breast; liver 4) Kidney; colon; liver
2) Lung; breast; stomach
Which one of the following statements describes adrenal cysts? 1) Male patients are affected more than female patients. 2) Patients are typically asymptomatic. 3) Adrenal cysts are a common finding. 4) Adrenal cysts are usually bilateral.
2) Patients are typically asymptomatic.
Spleen contains about __ to __ml of erythrocytes
20-30
Which one of the following demonstrates an excessive secretion of epinephrine? 1) Adrenal cyst 2) Adrenal adenoma 3) Medulla tumor 4) Neuroblastoma Medulla tumor
3) Medulla tumor
The most common adrenal tumor in infancy is the: 1) Adenoma 2) Pheochromocytoma 3) Neuroblastoma 4) Liposarcoma
3) Neuroblastoma
Which one of the following statements about the adrenal medulla is true? 1) The medulla is the outer portion of the adrenal gland. 2) The medulla secretes a large range of steroids. 3) The medulla is not essential to life. 4) The medulla secretes estrogen.
3) The medulla is not essential to life.
The diameter of the common hepatic duct is approximately __ mm.
4
Adrenal insufficiency is typically caused by: 1) Adrenal adenoma 2) Adrenal cyst 3) Lymphadenopathy 4) Metastatic lesions
4) Metastatic lesions
What adrenal tumor demonstrates intermittent hypertension and severe headaches? 1) Neuroblastoma 2) Adenoma 3) Myolipoma 4) Pheochromocytoma
4) Pheochromocytoma
Epstein-Barr infection is best described as:
A herpes vrius that can lead to infectious mononucleosis in children
The left adrenal glands lie lateral to the: A) crus of the diaphragm B) tail of the pancreas C) stomach D) IVC
A) crus of the diaphragm
Thalassemia:
Abnormally shaped RBCs destroyed in great numbers. Splenomegaly is present.
Sonographic findings of acute hepatitis include
Accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicals, and an overall decrease echogenicity of the liver
What benign liver tumor has been found in patients with type 1 glycogen storage disease?
Adenomas,focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatomegaly
A condition causing RUQ pain in which small polypoid masses arise from the gallbladder wall is
Adenomyomatosis
Small polypoid projections from the gallbladder wall
Adenomyomatosis
In cases of choledocholithiasis, stones tend to lodge in the:
Ampulla of vater
All of the following statements are true about the features most often observed in an intrahepatic mass except
Anterior displacement of the right kidney
Gaucher's Disease:
Appears as splenomegaly, presents with bone pain and change in skin pigmentation. Affects 50% of patients younger than 8 years.
The right adrenal gland lies posterior to the: A) crus of the diaphragm B) IVC C) right kidney D) liver
B) IVC
Hyperechoic mass with an echogenic central core (abscesses metastases)
Bulls eye target lesion
Which one of the following is present in urine whenever extensive damage of destruction of the functioning erythrocytes occurs? A) protein B) creatinine C) hemoglobin D) albumin
C) hemoglobin
Patients positive for AIDS are at the risk for developing:
Cholangitis
Cystic growth on the common duct that may cause obstruction
Choledocal cyst
Variant of adenomyomatosis; cholesterol polyps
Cholesterolosis
Diminished vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely
Cirrhosis
The most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver is?
Colon, breast and lung
Collection in the right posterior subphrenic space cannot extend between the bare area of the liver and the ________.
Coronary ligament
The valves of Heister are tiny valves found with the:
Cystic duct
The hepatic duct is joined by the ___________ to form the ___________ .
Cystic duct; Common Bile Duct
Atrophy of the spleen may be found in all of the following except: A) normal individuals B) wasting diseases C) sickle cell anemia D) cirrhosis
D) cirrhosis
Affects hepatocytes and interferes with liver function
Diffuse hepatocellular disease
Through the process of______ the liver expels these waste products from the body via its excratory product, bile, which also plays an important role in fat absorption
Digestion
_____________ the only parasite to form splenic cysts.
Echinococcus
What commonly causes occlusion of the splenic artery or its branches?
Emboli from the heart, produced from mural thrombi or vegetation of left heart valves.
Polycythemia Vera:
Excess RBCs. Symptoms of weakness, fatigue, vertgo, flushing or redness of skin, blue-black spots. Presence of splenomegaly.
Spleen's main function:
Filter peripheral blood, defense against disease
In the focal spring, the most common affected areas are interior to the___ or the portal vein and the posterior portion of the __ of the liver
Gallbladder, left lobe
Another name for splenoma is:
Hamartoma
Asymptomatic rare benign tumor. Sonographically appears as hyperechoic with cystic and solid components, well-defined but not encapsulated.
Hamartoma
Small parts of the gallbladder that lies near the cystic duct where stones may collect
Hartmann's pouch
An evaluation of the spleen reveals a 1-cm, rounded echogenic mass that does not produce acoustic shadowing. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hemangioma
Classic symptoms of gallbladder disease include all of the following EXCEPT:
Hematuria
Diffuse enzymatic destruction of the pancreatic substance is _________.
Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Reed-Sternberg cells indicate:
Hodgkin lymphoma
_______________ may appear as a hypoechoic mass or with necrosis, a cystic mass in the pancreas.
Intraabdominal lymphoma
small septum within the gallbladder, usually arising from the posterior wall
Junctional fold
The most common tumor sites that can spread carcinoma to the biliary tree include all of the following EXCEPT the:
Kidney
Cancer at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts; may cause asymmetrical obstruction of the biliary tree
Klatskin's tumor
Most common location for a pseuodocyst is in the ________.
Lesser Sac
Phrenococolic ligament:
Ligament in contact with posterior peritoneal wall.
The most common site for ecchinococcal virus growth is in the
Liver
A patient presents with left upper quadrant pain. An abdominal sonogram reveals a complex mass in the spleen with free fluid in the abdominal/pelvic cavity. This most likely represents:
Lymphoma
Atrophy of spleen:
May be found in normal individuals. May also occur in wasting diseases. Chronic hemolytic anemias (sickle cell anemia).
The liver is a major center of_____ which may be defined as the physical and chemical process whereby foodstuffs are synthesized into complex element
Metabolism
Small echogenic foci scattered throughout the spleen most likely represents?
Multiple benign granulomas
A 35-year-old male patient presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal sonogram with a history of abdominal pain and histoplasmosis. What are you more likely to identify within the spleen?
Multiple granulomas
___________ presentation tends to be large tumors in the head of the pancreas with a high incidence of malignancy.
Non-functioning Islet-Cell Tumors
Classification of liver disease where the main problem is blocked bile excretion within the liver or biliary system
Obstructive disease
__________ has a high mortality rate if left untreated.
Pancreatic Abscess
The distal duct lies __with the anterior wall of the inferior Vena cava
Parallel
Splenorenal ligament:
Peritoneal ligament attaching spleen to stomach and kidney.
Are primary or secondary diseases more common in the spleen?
Secondary sources, the spleen is rarely the site of primary diseases.
Sickle Cell Anemia:
Seen in infants and children as enlarged spleen. Degenerates with age until it becomes a small fibrous mass in adults.
Normal arrangement of assymetricbody parts is called:
Situs solitus
All of the following sonographic appearances are found in cases of gallbladder carcinoma EXCEPT:
Sludge
Sickle cell disease will often lead to:
Splenomegaly
The most common cause of biliary ductal obstruction is in the presence of a ductal:
Tumor
Which one of the following actions should be done to image the near field of the liver
Use a curved array transducer
In glycogen storage disease type 1 is the most common and is also known as _____ disease
Von Gierke
Metastatic tumors appear as:
Well-defined lesions that range from hypoechoic, iso-echoic, hyperechoic. Can appear as target or halo lesions. Larger lesions are more complex.
A congenital absence of the spleen can indicate other problems such as: a) Cardiac malformations b) Duplicated urinary collecting system c) Uterine anomalies d) Pancreatic agenesis
a) Cardiac malformations
All of the following sonographic appearances are found in cases of gallbladder carcinoma except: a. Sludge b. Wall thickening c. Cholelithiasis d. Intraluminal wall mass
a. Sludge
Common malignancies affecting the pediatric population include all of the following except: a. Neuroblastoma b. Wilms tumor c. Leukemia d. Hepatoblastoma
d. Hepatoblastoma
The stomach is _____ and _____ to the splenic hilum.
anterior and medial
All of the following actions can be attempted to improve an image of the near field of the liver to see borders EXCEPT: a. Increase transducer frequency. b. Change to a linear transducer. c. Use a curved array transducer. d. Adjust focal zones to near field
b. Change to a linear transducer.
Which one of the following is noted in type I glycogen storage disease? a. Small liver and hypoechoic parenchyma b. Hyperechoic liver and hepatomegaly c. Normal texture and hepatomegaly d. Normal texture and prominent intrahepatic biliary ducts
b. Hyperechoic liver and hepatomegaly
An abnormal decrease in platelets may be the result of a(n): a) Infection b) Bone marrow disorder c) Internal hemorrhage d) Allergic reaction
c) Internal hemorrhage
The splenorenal ligament: a) is a double fold of peritoneum. b) both a and b are correct. c) holds the spleen rigidly fixed to the stomach and kidney. d) contains blood vessels and nerves.
c) holds the spleen rigidly fixed to the stomach and kidney.
The most common primary retroperitoneal tumor is: 1) Lymphoma 2) Fibrosarcoma 3) Germ cell tumor 4) Leiomyosarcoma
1) Lymphoma
True cysts may be _________or __________.
congential , aquired
______ arises as a cystic neoplasm from the ducts.
cystadenocarcinoma
___________ is a rare, benign disease with female predominance.
cystadenoma
Extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in sagittal plane and contains the ligamentum teres
falciform ligament
the liver is suspended fro the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the
falciform ligament
fatty infiltration may be observed in all patients EXCEPT those with? a. Diabetes mellitus b. Chronic alcoholism c. Hepatoportal fistula d. Hepatitis
hepatoportal fistula
The spleen may grow to enormous size with extension into the ______ ______.
iliac fossa
LUQ mass will displace spleen...
inferiorly
________ are the most common islet cell tumors. _______ are the second most common.
insulinoma, gastrinoma
Which congenital splenic disorder is associated with visceral heterotaxy of bilateral left-sideness?
polysplenia syndrome
Spleen is part of the ___________ system.
reticuloendothelial
What systemic disease results in the development of granulomatosis?
sarcoidosis
In adults with a history of sickle cell anemia, the spleen is typically:
small
A 14-year-old male patient presents to the US department after falling from his bicycle. An abdominal sonogram reveals a complex-appearing mass within the spleen. This most likely represents a:
splenic hematoma
Inferiomedial surface comes in contact with... (4)
stomach, left kidney, pancreas, and splenic flexure of colon
The splenic artery enters the spleen at the splenic hilum _____ and _____ to the splenic vein.
superior, anterior
Pancreatic cysts may be________ or ________.
unilocular, multilocular
