Final Exam (Slides) PSYCH

GHB

- CNS depressant, first used by bodybuilders because of the possibility that it had growth-hormone-stimulating effects - today, is an illicit drug - the depressant effects have made it attractive as a club drug - involvement as a potential date-rape drug

features of LSD

- colorful hallucinations - synesthesia in which sounds often appear as visions - distortion of perceptual reality - emotional swings - feeling of timelessness - illusory separation of mind from body - does not produce psychological or physical dependence - does not elevate one's creativity - does not damage chromosomes - abuse and violent behavior has not been established - flashbacks are potential hazards

family unit stages

- denial - anger - bargaining - feeling - acceptance

PCP

- originally a psychedelic street drug in the 1960s - reputation for producing a number of adverse reactions - reappeared in 1970s in smokable forms either alone or with marijuana - extremely aggressive tendencies, as well as behaviors resembling acute schizophrenia

stages of change

- precontemplation - contemplation - preparation - action - maintenance

inhalants

- present day abuse involves a wide range of commercial products (gasoline, glues and other adhesives, household cleaning compounds, aerosol sprays, and solvents) - usually cheap, readily available, and easily concealed - intoxicating effects when inhaled are rapid - principal dangers lie in the behavioral consequences of intoxication and in the possibility of asphyxiation when abused via airproof bag held over nose and mouth

barbiturates

- primary sedative-hypnotic drugs - typically classified in terms of how long their depressant effects are felt, from long acting to intermediate acting to short acting - at very low doses, primary result is relaxation and euphoria - at higher doses, hypnotic effect is achieved - abnormal sleep patterns (suppression of REM sleep, resulted in REM rebound) - major disadvantage: potential of lethal overdose - use for sleep can lead to dependence - may increase anxiety during the day

benzodiazepines

- these drugs selectively affect specific receptors in the brain instead of acting as general depressants of the nervous system - when taken with alcohol, dangerous synergistic effects - produce effects by binding to receptors int he brain that are sensitive to GABA

barbiturate withdrawal symptoms

- very severe and require careful medical attention - resembles chronic alcohol abuse - abrupt withdrawal carries a 5% chance of death

serotonin norepinephrine acetylcholine miscellaneous

4 basic groups of hallucinogens: - hallucinogens related to ____ (LSD, psilocybin, DMT) - hallucinogens related to ____ (mescaline, MDMA) - hallucinogens related to ____ (atropine, ibotenic acid) - ______ hallucinogens (PCP, ketamine)

increasing, GABA (A)

Benzodiazepines work by ____ the activity of _____. A. increasing, GABA B. decreasing, serotonin C. increasing, dopamine D. decreasing, endorphins

all of the above (D)

Benzodiazepines: A. generally replaced barbiturates B. increase GABA activity C. often are considered for treatment of anxiety D. all of the above

classical conditioning (A)

Cue conditioning to reduce craving is sometimes used for cocaine, opiates, or smoking, and is based on the psychological theory of? A. classical conditioning B. self efficacy C. operant conditioning D. the Freudian unconscious

risks of steroid use

FOR BOTH SEXES: - liver tumors - mood swings - increased aggressiveness FOR MEN: - lower sperm count - gynecomastia - atrophy of the testicles - baldness - priapism - severe acne FOR WOMEN: - masculinizing changes occur, only some of which are reversible when steroids are withdrawn

precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance

Five stages of the stages of change model: - ______: you never really thought about quitting, other people think you may have a problem, but you don't think you do - ______: you are not happy about what is happening related to your addiction, but you haven't done anything yet - ______: you have been thinking about taking action and what type of action you are going to take, exploring your options, gathering information about various options - ______: you ARE taking steps, such as already being in a group - ______: people who have managed to make some behavior change and maintaining those changes

employee assistance program (D)

Harry has been missing work, showing up late, and performing poorly. he is given a random drug test by his employer, and he fails by testing positive for marijuana. his boss sends him to a corporate-sponsored treatment provider for counseling. which type of program best described Mike's situation? A. member assistance program B. rehabilitation program C. relapse prevention program D. employee assistance program

admits his/her powerlessness over alcohol/drugs (C)

In AA and other 12-step self help/mutual support programs, recovery begins when a person: A. recognizes God's love B. stops drinking C. admits his/her powerlessness over alcohol/drugs D. tells their story in group

Ephedra (B)

Iris used to take an herbal supplement for weight loss and increased energy. she stopped taking it because of nausea and high blood pressure. which supplement was she taking? A. Kava B. Ephedra C. St. John's wort D. Ginko

antihistamine (D)

Jim is looking for an OTC cough and cold remedy to help with sneezing, teary eyes, and a runny nose. he should make sure he obtains a medication with which of the following ingredients? A. analgesic B. antitussive C. antipyretic D. antihistamine

Creatine (D)

John is a high-intensity cycler and is using a dietary supplement to increase muscle size and performance. the product he is using is a nonprotein amino acid. what is John taking? A. Androstenedione B. anabolic steroids C. human growth hormone D. Creatine

beta blocker (B)

Juan is a good student but suffers from extreme nervousness when he has to speak in public. he spoke to his doctor about his "stage fright," and his doctor wrote him a prescription for a medication typically used to treat high blood pressure. which drug was prescribed? A. GHB B. beta blocker C. valium D. buspirone

has had negative reports of liver toxicity and is banned in some countries (A)

Kava, associated with relaxation and anxiety reduction... A. has had negative reports of liver toxicity and is banned in some countries B. became popular in the US, and a few towns have a kava "bar" C. can be prepared as a tea D. all of the above

dissociative anesthetic hallucinogens (C)

Ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP) are classified as? A. serotonergic hallucinogens B. dissociative empathogens C. dissociative anesthetic hallucinogens D. amphetamine like anesthetics

related to serotonin (D)

LSD is an example of which major category of hallucinogens? A. related to norepinephrine B. related to acetylcholine C. miscellaneous hallucinogens D. related to serotonin

I, PTSD (D)

MDMA is currently listed as a Schedule ____ drug; however, recent studies on the use of MDMA to treat ____ could lead to a reconsideration of how the drug is scheduled. A. IV, glaucoma B. II, alcoholism C. III, depression D. I, PTSD

treat PTSD (B)

MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, has been used in clinical studies to? A. treat glaucoma B. treat PTSD C. treat epilepsy D. all of the above

all of the above (D)

MDMA/Ecstasy is known or classified as? A. a hallucinogen B. an empathogen C. a methylated amphetamine D. all of the above

lower voice (C)

Mary has been using an anabolic steroid, and she has experienced a number of negative side effects. which of the following effects is irreversible and unlikely to go away even if she stops using? A. increased acne B. increased sex drive C. lower voice D. increased aggressiveness

may assist in preventing jet lag, reducing sleep latency and increasing sleep time (B)

Melatonin: A. comes in a pill form, produces melanin, and gives you an instant tan B. may assist in preventing jet lag, reducing sleep latency and increasing sleep time C. does not work in studies comparing it with tranquilizers or other prescribed sleep meds D. users quickly show evidence of tolerance and dependence

simple possession (C)

Mike has been arrested for having two marijuana joints in his pocket, which he was planning to use later in the evening. Which crime could he be charged with? A. drug trafficking B. drug paraphernalia C. simple possession D. schedule 1 violation

feeling cut off from the environment (D)

PCP produces several effects that are unique among the other hallucinogens, including: A. experiencing periods of euphoria B. hearing or seeing things that are not there C. experiencing synesthesia D. feeling cut off from the environment

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Procedures for Approving Prescription Drugs: _____ trials: experimental drug is administered to healthy volunteers to check for possible side effects and determine patterns of absorption and elimination _____ trials: experimental drug is given to a small population of patients with the medical condition _____ trials: experimental drug is given to a large population of patients, through which issues of safety, effectiveness, and proper dosage levels are finalized _____ trials: possible adverse reactions to an already available drug are monitored by physicians who are prescribing it

toluene (A)

Rickie has developed a habit of sniffing airplane glue, resulting in problems with his short term memory. which chemical is responsible for the effects? A. toluene B. acetone C. hexane D. benzene

atropa belladonna (A)

Samantha ingests an acetylcholine-related drug and then says she feels like she is flying through the air. which drug likely produced the effect? A. atropa belladonna B. amanita muscaria C. peyote D. harmine

contemplation (D)

Taylor is in treatment for alcohol abuse. she tells her counselor that she knows she drinks too much, but she is not sure she is ready to do anything about it. which stage of change is she in? A. preparation B. precontemplation C. maintenance D. contemplation

Amytal (B)

Tony, a spy, has been captured by the enemy. which barbiturate drug might his capturers give him during an interrogation to produce candor and a lack of inhibition? A. Zoloft B. Amytal C. Valium D. Xanax

family mascot (B)

Zayn is the youngest in his family. his father is an alcoholic, and his older sister is often suspended from school. Zayn often uses humor to distract himself and his family and divert their attention away from the dysfunction. which family role does Zayn play? A. chief enabler B. family mascot C. family hero D. lost child

Pure Food and Drug Act Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

_________ of 1906: ensured all foods and drugs in the US were inspected for purity and consistency _________ of 1938: mandated all ingredients in drug and cosmetic products had to be accurately identified (better labeling)

decreased, but increased (D)

a 2007 investigation by George J. Mitchell concluded that Major League Baseball's policies led to ______ use of steroids, ________ use of non-steroid performance-enhancing drugs. A. no change in, and no change in B. increased, but decreased C. decreased, and decreased D. decreased, but increased

norepinephrine (C)

a chemist is working on a novel synthetic hallucinogen that is chemically similar to mescaline and DOM and produces similar effects. predict which neurotransmitter molecule the new drug will resemble. A. acetylcholine B. serotonin C. norepinephrine D. dopamine

human growth hormone (HGH)

a nonsteroid hormone that has been used for performance-enhancing purposes

I clapped my hands and saw sound waves passing before my eyes (A)

a patient's medical progress notes state that the patient was experiencing synesthesia when first admitted to the treatment unit. which statement is the best example of the symptoms? A. I clapped my hands and saw sound waves passing before my eyes B. I was sitting on a chair and I could see the molecules C. has an hour gone by since I last looked at the clock, or was it a lifetime? D. a towel falling off the edge of my tub looked like a giant lizard crawling down

ketamine

a popular club drug that produces a dream like intoxication, accompanied by an inability to move or feel pain, produces amnesia and a potentially hazardous depression in breathing

alcohol opioids marijuana cocaine stimulants

a total of five abused substances account for 96% of all reasons for individuals seeking and receiving treatment - _____: 41% - _____: 23% - _____: 18% - _____: 8% - _____: 6%

precontemplation (D)

according to the stages of change model, people who lack awareness or who do not yet acknowledge having a problem would be in the _____ stage. A. maintenance B. denial C. preparation D. precontemplation

biopsychosocial (C)

although we have explored numerous theories about how people develop substance use disorders, the most popular, most likely (and most complicated) scientific model is? A. genetic inheritance B. biological vulnerability C. biopsychosocial D. bio-legal-psych

seconal (B)

among the major barbiturates, which has the highest relative potential for abuse? A. mebaral B. seconal C. luminal D. pentothal

employee assistance program

an element of most drug-free workplace programs which serves to help workers with substance abuse problems

member assistance programs

an element of substance abuse treatment in the workplace that is funded by unions

III (C)

anabolic steroids are classified as Schedule ____ drugs. A. I B. IV C. III D. II

stages of change model

applies to people who change on their own or who use outside resources to change

biopsychosocial model

chances of success in drug abuse treatment can be increased by looking at the combination of biological, psychological, and social factors leading to drug abuse

dual diagnosis clients

clients in substance abuse treatment that have co-occurring mental health problems

biopsychosocial model

combination of disciplines into one perspective used as a basis of treatment design simultaneously take into account 3 major variable domains that are known to influence human health and behavior

stacking (B)

combining several types of steroids, often mixing both injectable and oral types, is known as? A. pyramiding B. stacking C. cycling D. fracking

950 out of 1000 (D)

considering data from prior studies and presented in your text, predict how many of the next 1000 patients treated in the ER for suicide attempts used an over the counter or prescription medication to harm themselves? A. 250 out of 1000 B. 550 out of 1000 C. 750 out of 1000 D. 950 out of 1000

EIA GC/MS

current drug-testing procedures and policies: two major techniques, based either on urine or on oral-fluid (saliva) samples, are _____ (enzyme immunoassay) and _____ (a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry)

no better in patient outcomes (C)

data indicate that in most cases expensive, private treatment centers are _____ when compared to outpatient treatment at a local center. A. superior in patient outcomes B. inferior in patient outcomes C. no better in patient outcomes D. none of the above are true

St Johns Wort (B)

despite being fairly popular, ______ is regarded as ineffective for the treatment of major depression. A. Kave B. St Johns Wort C. Gingko D. Ginseng

anabolic steroids

drugs patterned after the testosterone molecule that promote masculine changes in the body and increased muscle development

hallucinogens

drugs that produce distortions of perception and of one's sense of reality, these drugs have also been called psychedelic drugs

anabolic androgenic steroids

drugs that promote masculinizing changes in the body and increase muscle development

adrenocortical steroids

group of hormones secreted by the adrenal glands, their anti-inflammatory action makes them useful for treating arthritis and muscle injuries

Humphry Davy (D)

in 1798, the chemist ______ began to investigate the newly synthesized gas called nitrous oxide. A. HB Fuller B. Adolf von Baeyer C. Horace Wells D. Humphry Davy

valium (C)

in 1972, the benzodiazepine _______ ranked first among the most frequently prescribed drugs of any type. A. miltown B. buspar C. valium D. quaalude

7.6 million, 6 (D)

in 2013, _______ people needed treatment for an illicit drug problem, and ____% of them believed that they needed treatment. A. 4.9 million, 50 B. 16 million, 75 C. 21.6 million, 12 D. 7.6 million, 6

action (B)

in the stages of change model, people taking steps to deal with a problem are in the ______ stage. A. maintenance B. action C. relapse D. recovery

12 step groups

major resources in helping people who have drug and alcohol use disorders ex. AA and NA

medical model

model of diagnosis of substance use disorders; the individual is not responsible for creating the problem and the individual is not responsible for solving the problem ex. biological model

compensatory model

model of diagnosis of substance use disorders; the individual is not responsible for creating the problem and the individual is responsible for solving the problem ex. putting limits on use

enlightenment model

model of diagnosis of substance use disorders; the individual is responsible for creating the problem and the individual is not responsible for solving the problem ex. AA

moral model

model of diagnosis of substance use disorders; the individual is responsible for creating the problem and the individual is responsible for solving the problem

moral compensatory enlightenment medical

models for diagnosis of substance use disorders: - _____ model: individual is responsible for creating the problem, is responsible for solving the problem - _____ model: individual is not responsible for creating the problem, is responsible for solving the program - ______ model: individual is responsible for creating the problem, not responsible for solving the problem - ______ model: individual is not responsible for creating the problem, not responsible for solving the problem

all of the above (D)

one problem with researching AA and similar groups is? A. membership is self selecting, only members who like these groups continue B. difficulty following members over time C. emphasis on anonymity and/or confidentiality D. all of the above

the drugs may alter normal development during puberty and late adolescence (B)

one reason we would worry about adolescents taking anabolic steroids is because: A. the drugs quickly lead to tolerance and dependence B. the drugs may alter normal development during puberty and late adolescence C. they interact with other medicines too easily D. there really is no reason to worry because the drugs seem to be safe

the FDA (C)

over the counter drugs are regulated by? A. no agencies regulate them B. the DEA C. the FDA D. the NIH

ergogenic drugs

performance-enhancing drugs used in athletic competitions

enlargement of the breasts (A)

prolonged use of steroids by men can lead to gynecomastia, or: A. enlargement of the breasts B. severe acne on the back and shoulder C. enlargement of the prostate D. sustained and painful erections

third (B)

since 2005, Major League Baseball's policy includes a lifetime ban for a ______ positive test. A. first B. third C. fourth D. second

stimulants, large increase (C)

since Major League Baseball banned the use of ______ in 2007, there has been a ______ in requests for therapeutic use exemptions. A. androgenic steroids, large decrease B. human growth hormone, large decrease C. stimulants, large increase D. anabolic steroids, large increase

high, long time (B)

some drugs produce hallucinations only when the dose levels are extremely _____ or drug use is continued over a ______. A. controlled, long time B. high, long time C. low, a week or more D. controlled, few days

chloral hydrate, insomnia (C)

synthesized in 1832, _____ was developed as an alternative to barbiturates and could treat ____. A. methaqualone, depression B. ambien, anxiety C. chloral hydrate, insomnia D. valium, irritability

androgenic anabolic

testosterone based steroids produce ergogenic changes, and have two primary effects on the human body: - _____: promoting masculinizing changes in the body - _____: promoting protein growth and muscle development

androgenic, anabolic (D)

testosterone has two primary effects on the human body: _______, which promotes the development of male sex characteristics, and ________, which promotes the development of protein and muscle tissue. A. ergogenic, androgenic B. anabolic, adrenocortical C. adrenocortical, ergogenic D. androgenic, anabolic

screening tests used to assess for alcohol and drug problems (D)

the CAGE, AUDIT, MAST, POSIT, & DAST are all _________? A. acronyms used at AA meetings B. empirically supported psychological treatments C. agencies at the NIH D. screening tests used to assess for alcohol and drug problems

they teach family members to reinforce the user's positive behaviors (C)

the Community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT), developed by Bob Meyers and seen on the HBO Addiction special, is unique because? A. they use confrontation to get family members into treatment B. they use disapproval and the withdrawal of reinforcers to punish the user C. they teach family members to reinforce the user's positive behaviors D. the family calls upon law enforcement to deal with the user's behaviors

labels supplements but gives the FDA very little power to regulate herbal products (B)

the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act? A. enables the FDA to thoroughly evaluate herbal preparations B. labels supplements but gives the FDA very little power to regulate herbal products C. emphasizes the scientific and clinical efficacy of herbal products D. means some herbs, vitamins, and hormones will not be prescription only

psilocybin (B)

the active chemical in hallucinogenic mushrooms is: A. LSD B. psilocybin C. mescaline D. MDMA

LSD

the best known hallucinogenic drug, belongs to the serotonin group, synthetically derived from ergot, a toxic rye fungus, Albert Hofmann synthesized it in 1943, made illegal in 1966

biological, psychological, social (B)

the biopsychosocial model asserts that there are multiple pathways to drug abuse. categorize the following risk factors according to the component of the model they fall under: genetic predisposition, poor self-esteem, dysfunctional family system. A. psychological, social, biological B. biological, psychological, social C. social, psychological, biological D. social, biological, psychological

nitrous oxide, hypoxia (A)

the drug _____ is part of dental practice because of its analgesic effect, but recreational use can lead to symptoms of ______. A. nitrous oxide, hypoxia B. GHB, amnesia C. ether, respiratory distress D. toluene, neurological impairment

three times as many visits as 2004 (A)

the drug abuse warning network (DAWN) in 2011 reported approximately 175,000 drug related emergency hospital visits, due to OxyContin use alone. How is this statistic different from 2004 statistics? A. three times as many visits as 2004 B. half as many visits C. twice as many visits D. six times as many visits

SAMHSA

the most comprehensive source for information about substance-abuse treatment in the United States

flashbacks (A)

the phrase "hallucinogen persisting perception disorder" is related to which LSD experience? A. flashbacks B. hallucinations C. synesthesia D. creativity

manage to secure multiple prescriptions for abused drugs (B)

the term "doctor shopping" refers to patients who? A. attempt to find doctors willing to prescribe less expensive generic drugs B. manage to secure multiple prescriptions for abused drugs C. select doctors who are willing to provide prescription medications through enrollment in cost free clinical trials D. use the internet to secure information about doctors and prescription medications

muscle dysmorphia (A)

the term ______ refers to the perception of one's own body as small and weak despite evidence to the contrary. A. muscle dysmorphia B. anorexia C. steroid dependence D. steroid abuse

uses more than one drug (including alcohol) (A)

the typical person seeking treatment for a substance use disorder: A. uses more than one drug (including alcohol) B. is over age 45 C. is college educated D. is there because they face legal charges

Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act

this act of 2008 allows individuals in substance-abuse treatment to receive reimbursement on a par with treatment for medical conditions

FDA

this agency is responsible for setting the standards of safety, effectiveness, and honesty in labeling for prescription and OTC drugs

THG (C)

this designer steroid was the focus of the BALCO scandal and popular due to being undetectable on drug testing screens? A. Dianabol B. Anavar C. THG D. none of the above

dual diagnosis (C)

this term helps to describe individuals who meet criteria for both a substance use disorder and another mental health condition such as depression or anxiety? A. self medicator D. poly problematic C. dual diagnosis D. substance induced psychosis

relapse prevention (D)

treatment that focuses on examining triggers, dealing with craving, and exploring alternatives to alcohol/drug use is called? A. Milieu focused B. aftercare C. harm reduction D. relapse prevention

9500 (B)

using previously collected data as your guide, predict the number out of 10,000 attempted suicides treated at an emergency department that will involve a prescription or OTC drug. A. 5000 B. 9500 C. 7500 D. 1000

polydrug abuse

using several types of drugs, either licit or illicit, at once

enlightenment (B)

we have characterized AA and 12 step models, in class and in your text, as ____ models? A. disaster or compensatory B. enlightenment C. biological or medical D. moral

reassure the individual that the situation is temporary (B)

what action would be most beneficial to someone trying to guide a friend through a "bad trip"? A. keep the individual as still as possible by restricting their movements B. reassure the individual that the situation is temporary C. place the individual in a dark room D. encourage the individual to dance by playing loud music and flashing bright lights

they are polydrug abusers, and usually abuse alcohol (A)

what do about 40 percent of drug abusers seeking treatment have in common? A. they are polydrug abusers, and usually abuse alcohol B. they are reluctant to seek treatment C. they have more years of education than addicts not seeking help D. they abuse alcohol and one other drug in addition to their primary addiction

formulas with oil of mustard produce severe nasal irritation when inhaled (D)

what is the key difference between plastic cement with and plastic cement without oil of mustard? A. formulas with oil of mustard produce a less appealing smell B. formulas with oil of mustard are too expensive for most young people to purchase C. formulas with oil of mustard produce increased feelings of euphoria when inhaled D. formulas with oil of mustard produce severe nasal irritation when inhaled

they were not as frequently prescribed by doctors (B)

what is the main reason for decline in barbiturate abuse since about 1970? A. they became highly expensive B. they were not as frequently prescribed by doctors C. around 1970 marijuana became the more popular recreational drug D. they were strictly illegalized with heavy associated penalties

Naproxen has a longer duration of action (B)

what is the primary difference between Naproxen and the other major OTC analgesic drugs? A. Naproxen does not provide anti-inflammatory effects B. Naproxen has a longer duration of action C. Naproxen is derived from willow bark D. Naproxen is not yet FDA approved

Phase 1 trials administer drugs to healthy volunteers, Phase 2 trials administer drugs to small populations of patients (A)

what is the primary difference between Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials? A. Phase 1 trials administer drugs to healthy volunteers, Phase 2 trials administer drugs to small populations of patients B. Phase 1 trials administer drugs to laboratory animals, Phase 2 trials administer drugs to healthy volunteers C. Phase 1 trials administer drugs to small populations of patients, Phase 2 trials administer drugs to large populations of patients D. Phase 1 trials administer drugs to large populations of patients, Phase 2 trials administer drugs to off-label patients

most people do not seek formal treatment (B)

when considering the quit rates for heroin, cigarettes or for cocaine and other stimulants, the reality is that: A. most people cannot recover without formal treatment B. most people do not seek formal treatment C. most people recover on their first attempt D. none of the above is true

naproxen (A)

when considering your options for OTC analgesics, which one has the longest duration of action? A. naproxen B. ibuprofen C. aspirin D. acetaminophen

enabling

when family members assume many of the responsibilities that are rejected by the drug abuser

spontaneous remission

when the substance use problem goes away quickly, because people change problem behaviors on their own quite frequently

about 90% of us will relapse within 90 days (D)

when we look at the rate of relapse for most health related behaviors, including opiate dependence, smoking and other forms of drug use, the data indicate that: A. about 10% of us will relapse within 90 days B. about 30% of us will relapse within 90 days C. about 60% of us will relapse within 90 days D. about 90% of us will relapse within 90 days

psychedelic, psychotomimetic (C)

whereas the term ____ means "mind expanding," the term _____ means having the appearance of psychosis. A. psychotomimetic, psychedelic B. psycholytic, entheogenic C. psychedelic, psychotomimetic D. entheogenic, psycholytic

Franklin Roosevelt (B)

which US president signed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which mandated that ingredients in drugs and cosmetics had to be clearly identified? A. Ronald Reagan B. Franklin Roosevelt C. William Taft D. Harry Truman

cough and cold remedies (D)

which class of drug often contains the opioid dextromethorphan and is used for "robo-tripping"? A. dietary supplements B. sleep aids C. analgesic drugs D. cough and cold remedies

ketamine (C)

which club drug produces amnesia and has been referred to as a "date rape" drug? A. DOM B. MDMA C. ketamine D. salvia divinorum

high sensitivity, low specificity (A)

which combination of factors is most likely to produce the highest rate of false positive results? A. high sensitivity, low specificity B. low sensitivity, high specificity C. high sensitivity, high specificity D. low sensitivity, low specificity

acromegaly (D)

which condition results in structural abnormalities in the head, hands and feet, as well as damage to internal organs? A. muscle dysmorphia B. gynecomastia C. priapism D. acromegaly

GHB (C)

which drug has gained the reputation as a "date rape" drug? A. valium B. nitrous oxide C. GHB D. xanax

ambien (B)

which drug is not a benzodiazepine drug but binds to specific GABA receptors and so produces many of the same effects? A. valium B. ambien C. xanax D. buspar

peyote (D)

which drug is still used--with legal protections--in religious ceremonies by members of the Native American Church of North America? A. harmine B. LSD C. DOM D. peyote

EMIT (A)

which drug testing kit is relatively inexpensive and commercially available? A. EMIT B. HGH C. GS/MS D. EIA

they alter perceptions and stages of consciousness (B)

which is true about hallucinogens? A. they are the newest class of drugs B. they alter perceptions and stages of consciousness C. they are all Schedule IV drugs D. all of the above

calling the wife out sick from work with a stomach flu when she is hung over (B)

which of the following behaviors would be evidence of a husband enabling his alcoholic wife? A. leaving the wife until she promises to enter treatment B. calling the wife out sick from work with a stomach flu when she is hung over C. calling a therapist to schedule an initial session of family therapy D. flushing all of the alcohol in the house down the toilet

aspirin (B)

which of the following drugs was developed by Felix Hoffman in 1898 to treat pain and inflammation? A. ibuprofen B. aspirin C. naproxen D. acetaminophen

the effects of DMT last one hour, the effects of LSD last up to twelve hours (C)

which of the following is an accurate comparison of DMT and LSD? A. DMT works on the norepinephrine system, LSD works on the serotonin system B. DMT is linked to tree bark in the West Indies and Central and South America, LSD is linked to mushrooms found in Mexico and Central America C. the effects of DMT last one hour, the effects of LSD last up to twelve hours D. DMT was synthesized by Timothy Leary, LSD was synthesized by Albert Hoffman

left ventricle enlargement (B)

which of the following side effects of anabolic steroid use are not reversible? A. right ventricle enlargement B. left ventricle enlargement C. hypertension D. liver abnormalities

long term use can lead to psychological dependence, but cases of physical dependence have not been widely documented (B)

which of the following statements about chronic inhalant abuse is most accurate? A. long term effects among teenagers are difficult to assess, as use typically begins in early adulthood B. long term use can lead to psychological dependence, but cases of physical dependence have not been widely documented C. long term effects include rapid tolerance, which can occur even after brief exposure to low doses D. long term effects of inhalant abuse are well documented, as use often persists for years and even decades

it stipulates that pharmacies must get DEA approval before selling medications over the internet (C)

which of the following statements about the Ryan Haight Act is most accurate? A. it limits state attorneys to prosecuting physicians and pharmacies within their state B. it allows physicians to write prescriptions without conducting a face to face exam C. it stipulates that pharmacies must get DEA approval before selling medications over the internet D. it bans use of the internet to dispense medications

outpatient treatment should be given preference over inpatient treatment (C)

which of the following statements is most consistent with professional recommendations about substance abuse treatment? A. halfway or recovery houses should be considered a front line treatment B. incarceration is often the best way to facilitate rehabilitation from drug abuse C. outpatient treatment should be given preference over inpatient treatment D. inpatient treatment is more effective when it is at least 6 months in duration

Miltown (D)

which of the following was the psychoactive drug specifically marketed as an antianxiety medication? A. valium B. ativan C. klonopin D. miltown

substance abuse and mental health services administration (D)

which organization provides the most comprehensive source of substance abuse treatment information? A. alcoholics anonymous B. rehabilitation centers C. national institute on drug abuse D. substance abuse and mental health services administration

SAMHSA (B)

which organization provides the most comprehensive sources of alcohol and substance use treatment information, including a "treatment locator"? A. google B. SAMHSA C. NIDA D. Caron Center

Medicare part D (A)

which piece of legislation was aimed specifically at prescription drug reimbursement? A. Medicare part D B. patient protection and affordable care act C. federal food, drug, and cosmetic act D. Kefauver-Harris amendment

member assistance program (A)

which program is sponsored and supervised by unions and helps to address substance abuse and other psychological issues? A. member assistance program B. drug court C. rehabilitation D. employee assistance program

SMART recovery (B)

which self help group bases their methods on cognitive behavioral concepts and uses a trained facilitator? A. Secular Organization for Sobriety (SOS) B. SMART recovery C. women for sobriety (WFS) D. narcotics anonymous

secular organization for sobriety (A)

which self help group specifies that there is absolutely no emphasis on spirituality at their meetings or in their programming? A. secular organization for sobriety (SOS) B. SMART recovery C. women for sobriety D. narcotics anonymous

psilocybin (B)

which serotonin related hallucinogen originates from a species of mushrooms? A. DMT B. psilocybin C. bufotenine D. LSD

maintenance (B)

which stage of change is entered when the individual has become drug free for a minimum of six months? A. action B. maintenance C. rehabilitation D. preparation

denial (D)

which stage of family reactions for substance abuse involves a rationalization that their family is no different than most others? A. feeling B. bargaining C. anger D. denial

the pressure to maintain an edge in the corporate world has led to increased acceptance in stimulant drugs (B)

which statement best captures the social pressures that accompany performance-enhancing drugs? A. women continue to face an idealized body image as a standard for social acceptance that men do not have to deal with B. the pressure to maintain an edge in the corporate world has led to increased acceptance of stimulant drugs C. performance drug use is generally limited to competitive athletes D. teenage boys face increased pressures to maintain a slim, streamlined, prepubescent body type

dual diagnosis (A)

which term is used to describe an individual with substance abuse problems and co-occurring mental health conditions, such as depression or generalized anxiety disorder? A. dual diagnosis B. polydrug abuser C. self medication D. psychopharmacology

rehabilitation (D)

which term refers to reducing the likelihood that a pattern of problematic behavior will occur after a prison sentence is completed? A. enabling B. incarceration C. intervention D. rehabilitation

Albert Hoffman (D)

who is responsible for synthesizing LSD-25 in 1938? A. Humphrey Osmond B. Timothy Leary C. Aldous Huxley D. Albert Hoffman

he will experience withdrawal symptoms, because he recently stopped using to avoid detection (D)

you are attending a track-and-field event, and you overhear a conversation suggesting that one of the athletes is "pyramiding" his steroid doses. Predict how his behavior will be impacted and identify the most likely explanation. A. he will perform poorly, because he has developed tolerance to his steroid routine B. he will experience erratic mood and performance, because he is taking several different steroids C. he will perform very well, because he timed his doses to maximize his dose going into the competition D. he will experience withdrawal symptoms, because he recently stopped using to avoid detection

Food and Drug Administration (C)

you work for the federal government and are leading an investigation to determine if a fairly new prescription drug meets the standard for safety and effectiveness. whom do you work for? A. Narcotics anonymous B. national institute on drug abuse C. food and drug administration D. centers for disease control and prevention

Phase 4 (B)

your research lab has just received a major research grant to study a new drug to treat asthma. you will be working with patients and physicians to monitor any adverse reactions to the drug. which type of trial are you conducting? A. Phase 2 B. Phase 4 C. Phase 1 D. Phase 3

spontaneous remission (A)

your text, and some research literature, refers to the resolution of a problem without the use of any formal treatment as? A. spontaneous remission B. homeopathy C. an extinction burst D. enlightenment