Finkelman Chapter 7: Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Illness
Coping
The process of managing taxing circumstances
Home Care
The provision of healthcare services in the home
Extended Care
The provision of inpatient skilled nursing care and related services to patients who require medical, nursing, or rehabilitative services.
Family
Two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support
Case Management
A system of management that facilitates effective care delivery and outcomes for patients through structured care coordination
Resilience
The ability to cope with stress
Community
The people and their relationships that use common services and share specific space environment
Stress Management
Strategies used to cope with stress to alter bodily or mental tension; reducing the negative impact of stress, improving health, and developing health-promoting behaviors
Epidemiology
Study of factors influencing frequency and distribution of disease/injuries, etc.
Episodic Care
Aims to cure illness
Palliative Care
Care focused on alleviating symptoms and meeting the special needs of the terminally ill patient and the family
Continuum of Care
Care services available to assist an individual throughout the course of his or her disease; Goal: to decrease fragmented care and costs; Provide appropriate level of care at right time
Care Coordination
Establishment and support of continuous healing relationship, enabled by an integrated clinical environment and characterized by a proactive delivery of evidence-based care and follow-up
Population
Group of people with something in common, such as a disease, age, ethnic group, where they live and so on
Occupational Health Care
Health promotion, disease and illness prevention, and treatment; includes attention to the risks of illness and injury within the work environment
Tertiary Prevention
Interventions used to stop development of disease; includes interventions that are used to maintain health before illness occurs; occurs when there is disability and the need to maintain or, if possible, improve functioning
Determinants of Health
Physical, Social determinants, Physical Environment, Individual Behavior, Health services
Caregiver
Someone who provides care to another; not a healthcare professional
Rehabilitation
The restoration of, or improvement of, an individual's health and functionality
Informational Continuity
The use of information on past events and personal circumstances to make current care appropriate for each individual
Continuity of Care
"The degree to which a series of discrete events is experienced as coherent and connected and consistent with the patient's medical needs and personal context"
Health Literacy
"the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic information and services needed to make appropriate decisions regarding their health."
National Prevention Strategy
1. Build safe and healthy community environments 2. Expand preventive services in community and clinical settings 3. Empower people to make healthy choices 4. Eliminate health disparities
Healthy Community
A community that embraces the belief that health is more than merely an absence of disease
Stress
A complex experience felt internally that makes a person feel a loss or threat of a loss; bodily or mental tension
Management Continuity
A consistent and coherent approach to the management of a health condition that is responsive to a patient's changing needs
Long-Term Care
A continuum of broad-ranged maintenance and health services delivered to the chronically ill, disabled, and the elderly
Chronic Disease
A disease that a person experiences long term that affects the person's quality of life
Primary Care Provider
A healthcare provider who is the first contact for a patient at the entry point of care and who they may manage overall care for the patient; examples of providers are physicians and advanced practice registered nurses
Hospice Care
A philosophy of care for managing symptoms and supporting quality of life as long as possible for the terminally ill
Vulnerable Population
A population at risk for medical or other problems
Illness
A sickness or disease of the mind or body
Health Disparity
An inequality or in healthcare services that exists between two or more groups
Relational Continuity
An ongoing therapeutic relationship between a patient and one or more providers
Community Preparedness
Ability of communities to prepare for, withstand, and. recover — in both the short and long terms — from public health incidents
Disease Management
An approach to management of chronic diseases that emphasizes use of interprofessional teams with expertise in the specific disease use of evidence-based clinical guidelines, clear descriptions of interventions and procedures and application of recommended timelines, patient support and education, and measurement outcomes
Acute Illness
An illness of short duration with limited impact on the person
Secondary Caregiver
Assistant who helps home patients with intermittent activities such as shopping, transportation, home repairs, getting bills paid, emergency support and so forth
Collaboration
Cooperative effort among healthcare providers, staff, and multiple organizations who work together to accomplish a common mission
Healthy People 202 Social Determinants of Health
Economic Stability; Education; Health and Health Care; Neighborhood and Built Environment; Social and Community Context
Health Promotion
Effort to stop the development of disease by emphasizing wellness; includes treatment to prevent a disease from progressing further and causing complications
Quadruple Aim
Enhancing Patient Experience, Improving Population Health, Reducing Costs, Improving Provider Work Life
Disease Prevention
Focuses on interventions to stop the development of disease, but also includes treatment to prevent disease from progressing further and leading to complications. The major levels of prevention are primary, secondary and tertiary.
Primary Prevention
Interventions used to stop development of disease; includes interventions that are used to maintain health before illness occurs
Secondary Prevention
Interventions used to stop development of disease; includes interventions that are used to maintain health before illness occurs; occurs when a person is asymptomatic but after disease has begun
Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Not presently considered part of conventional medicine
Triple Aim
Population Health, Experience of Care, Per Capita Cost
Goals for Chronic Care
Self manage disease and control symptoms; Maximize function and quality of life; Delay deterioration; Support caregivers as well
Health
The state of well-being; free from disease
Self-Management
The systematic provision of education and supportive interventions to increase patients' skills and confidence in managing their own health problems, including regular assessment of progress and problems, goal-setting, and problem-solving approaches
Acute Care
Treatment of a severe medical condition that is of short duration or at a crisis level