FL #1 CARS

question 21

this question was flagged, but if you read more carefully the answer was in the paragraph!!!

question 23-Which of the following passage assertions suggests most strongly that the author is critical of capitalist society?

A.Freedom to consume is equated with freedom itself. B.Photographic images make reality problematic. C.Social change is expressed by a change in images. D.Individual perception is a mythical realm. -B is wrong because: the term "problematic" can have the connotation of something "debatable," this can be interpreted as remark that means reality is hard to define or pin down. Such a statement, therefore may not necessarily be a criticism of capitalism. For example, in philosophic inquiries life, love, God, truth, and many other abstractions are considered problematic, or open to inquiry and probing examination. -just because it makes reality problematic like what does that have to do w capitalism? This is a Reasoning Within the Text question because it asks you to assess the way that the author is using a piece of evidence in the passage. A is the correct answer. This statement is made to explain, in a capitalist society, the constant production and consumption of images ("The narrowing of free political choice to free economic consumption [that] requires the constant production and consumption of images" in paragraph 4.) Because the author contends that this increasing supply of images is what leads to the 'disease' of a depleted real world (paragraph 5) and our inability to distinguish between images and real objects (paragraph 6), it does suggest that the author is critical of capitalist society. Freedom or liberty, by definition, entails much more than the right to purchase commodities!!!!! (equating freedom to consume w freedom itself is narrowing the scope of freedom!)

question 17- After the Napoleonic Wars, the Portuguese people demanded democratic reforms, including major restrictions on the power of monarchs. Together with information in the passage, this fact most clearly indicates that:

A.John had good reason to fear that new ideas from abroad would undermine monarchial power. B.the Catholic Church had lost its stabilizing social influence. C.the policies of Napoleon had become increasingly popular in Portugal. D.Freemasonry was coming into the social and political mainstream. -A is the correct answer because: This is a reasoning beyond the text question. The passage describes John's repressive reaction after the french king louis the 14th was deposed (removed suddenly) by a popular uprising in 1792. So if the Portuguese people did demand major restrictions on monarchial power after the war, this certainly suggests that johns earlier fears that power of the throne could be undermined by "new ideas from abroad" had some rational basis. B is wrong because: the passage says that the monarchs depended on the Church for its support of "social order and absolute divine right monarchy", but the demands of the Portuguese people for democratic reforms cannot necessarily be seen as an indication that the catholic church "had lost its stabilizing social influence" in portugal. It may have been that other influences just became stronger at that moment!!!!!. Or the church may have retained some aspects of its influence, without maintaining its sway on the question of divine right.

question 16-Which of the following facts cited in the passage gives the strongest support for the claim that Portuguese liberals were in the minority politically?

A.The queen and her son were opposed to them. B.Several important liberals were jailed by John. C.The Inquisition was still active in Portugal. D.The commoners were politically conservative. D is the answer because from the passage you can conclude that there are a lot of commoners, and they are conservative. -C is wrong because: the inquisition is a conservative counter force in opposition to liberalism, but it by no means logically follows that its existence necessarily indicates that liberals were in the minority. -within the passage alone, the relatively high number of conservative commoners is the best evidence that liberals were a minority. this is a reasoning within the text question because it asks you to asses the strength of evidence presented in the text.

question 18 -Which of the following facts most strongly supports the authors' image of John VI as resistant to social change in his realm?

A.When Napoleon invaded Portugal, he fled to exile in Brazil. B.On returning from exile, he agreed to reforms but quickly revoked them. C.As soon as he returned to power, Brazil declared its independence from Portugal. D.After his return, he reigned as monarch of Portugal for only five years. -prob wouldve gotten this right if i didnt think what i had put before !!! -A is wrong because to assert that this option was correct, we would need to know more about the conditions in brazil- for example whether is was like France and Spain in in culture and law or like portugal -B is right. It is a reasoning within the text question as it asks you to evaluate the strength of evidence for passage claims. Reforms, especially in the context of this passage, represent clear efforts at making progressive social changes. Retraction of such measures by a highly respressive kind (possibily initially consented as the price for being allowed to return from exile) would strongly illustrate this kings resistance to change.

question 25-Based on passage information, one can infer that implementing the author's program for conservation (final paragraph) would most likely include suggestions for:

A.limiting the use of computer images in architectural models. B.discouraging the use of photography in magazine advertisements. C.increasing police use of cameras to monitor suspected criminals. D.decreasing government support of art that might offend the public. a- architectural models are plans or blueprints for building rather than pictures of actual buildings. Therefore, the author would not be likely to single out architectural design as an area in which to implement a conservation program. b-reasoning beyond text bc its asking you to apply passage info to a situation outside the passage. B is the answer because it suggest discouraging the use of photography. And not that discouraging use in advertising which is already described in the passage so it make sense! That said, hat said, it's not the use of photographic images per se that is the problem, according to the passage, but the production of new images; if advertising used the same images, if it didn't constantly replace images (paragraph 5), the problem described by the author would be lessened. D-decreasing the support of art doesn't necessarily decrease the production of art. Also, the issue in the passage argument pertains to the problem of too many images, not to those w potentially offensive content.

question 19- The authors imply that the Portuguese ambassador applauded the French National Assembly because of genuine sympathy for their ideals. Alternatively, the ambassador's action could be explained as indicating that:

A.living in France, he was in fear of the new revolutionary French government. B.his life outside of Portugal had broadened his political sympathies. C.he was at odds with the medieval policies of Queen Maria. D.he had no strong political commitments one way or the other. brings up an interesting point in the answer explanation... B- since this is note in paragraph four, it cannot be an alternative explanation. The question literally says that he ambassador had genuine sympathy; so in choosing this answer you would be wrong bc this is not an alternate explanation!!! the question specifically asks for an alternate explanation. A is right. This is a reasoning beyond the text question as it asks you to identify the novel situation most consistent w passsage info. This is the most plausible: pretending support for those w power over you can offer protection from them. C- although being at odds w the medieval policies of Queen Maria might imply having genuine sympathy for the ideals of the French national assembly (an opposition btw the two is implied in the text), "imply" doesnt mean "explain"!!!! -and the question asks what can explain the ambassadors action.

question 8

if it asks you to analyze a specific phrase in the passage, look at what he author wrote just before or like around the phrase!!! will prob give context clue.

implicit

implied, though not plainly expressed