Fluid and Electrolytes

The pH-regulating mechanism that works most rapidly is the:

Buffer systems

Your ABG results are: pH 7.30, CO2 of 50, and HCO3 is 24. You diagnose the patient with respiratory acidosis. What disorders/diseases could be a cause of this?

Emphysema, pneumonia, or asthma

The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong acid by forming:

A weak acid and a salt

Approximately one-third of the total body water is found ________, and is called ____________ fluid.

Outside of the cell/extracellular

The electrolyte that is part of our DNA and RNA is:

Phosphate

The body fluid in which protein anions are significant are:

Plasma and intracellular fluid

The pH regulating mechanism that has the greatest capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the:

Renal mechanisms

The two processes by which body water moves from one compartment to another are:

Osmosis and filtration

An amino acid acts as an acid in body fluids when:

The carboxyl group donates a hydrogen ion.

Which statement is NOT true of metabolic acidosis?

The kidneys will retain hydrogen ions

The bicarbonate buffer system is important for the regulation of pH in which of these? 1. Blood 2. Tissue fluid 3. Intracellular fluid

1 and 2 only

A hormone that will maintain or increase blood volume is:

Aldosterone, and ADH

The term osmolarity means the:

Concentration of dissolved materials in a solution

Ms. Jane has been complaining of feeling dizzy and some abdominal cramping and diarrhea. We draw a BMP and do an ECG because her pulse was 52. Her EKG showed some changes (including an elevated T wave). Her BMP shows a sodium of 133, a potassium of 6.0, and a chloride of 95. What electrolyte abnormality are we thinking Ms. Jane has?

Hyperkalemia

Mr. Jones has a sodium of 160, a potassium of 4.0, and a bicarb of 26. He has been restless and is now confused, has increased urine concentration (specific gravity on urinalysis would be high), and an elevated heart rate. We can diagnose him with which electrolyte abnormality?

Hypernatremia

The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the ________, because it has ____________.

Hypothalamus/osmoreceptors

The phosphate buffer system is important for the regulation of pH by the:

Kidneys

Here are your ABG results: pH 7.23, HCO3 18, CO2 27 this is described as:

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory

Decreased respirations to retain carbon dioxide are a compensation for:

Metabolic alkalosis

Your ABG results are: pH 7.56, HCO3 30, CO2 40 this is described as:

Metabolic alkalosis

Water intake for the body, from least to greatest amounts, is:

Metabolic water/foods/liquids

Here are your ABG results: pH 7.88, CO2 25, HCO3 24 this is described as:

Respiratory alkalosis

Here are your ABG results: pH 7.49, CO2 28, HCO3 28. This is:

Respiratory alkalosis with compensation

To compensate for alkalosis, the kidneys will:

Return hydrogen ions in the blood and excrete bicarbonate ions in urine

Which specialized body fluid is NOT paired with its correct location?

Serous fluid --- lubricates passage of food in the intestines

The major cation is tissue fluid is___________, and the major anion is ____________.

Sodium/chloride

Which statement is NOT true of the pH-regulating mechanisms of the body?

These mechanisms work only when the blood H falls below 7.35 or rises above 7.45

Osmosis takes place because water moves:

To an area of lower concentration of water, and to an area of greater concentration of salts

A 33yof c/o urinary frequency and pain upon urination. You do a urinalysis, here are your results: i. Color/clarity: dark amber and slightly cloudy ii. Specific gravity: 1.015 iii. Ketones: negative iv. Leukocytes: +4 v. Nitrites: +3 What kind of diagnosis and treatment would this patient need?

UTI (urinary tract infection)/maybe culture urine (to see what bacteria is present) and antibiotics

The fluid plasma is:

Water within the arteries, water within the veins, and water within capillaries