Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance Key Terms

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What commonly use intervenous solution is hypotonic

0.45% NaCl

The nurses teaching a healthy adult client about adequate hydration. How much average daily intake does the nurse recommend?

2500 mL/day

A home care nurse is visiting a client with renal failure who is on fluid restriction. The client tells the nurse I get thirsty very often. What my help? What would the nurse include as a suggestion for this client?

Avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids

The nurse is educating a client with hypo kalemia on why it is important to maintain potassium balance, which does the nurse include in the teaching

Cardiac function

A client is taking a diuretic such as furosemide. When implement a client, education, what information should be included

Decrease potassium levels

A client who is nothing by mouth prior to surgery reports feeling thirsty. What is the physiologic process that drives the thirst factor

Decreased blood, volume and intercellular dehydration

Hypercalcemia

Excess of calcium in the extracellular fluid

Hyperchloremia

Excess of chloride in the extracellular fluid

Hypermagnesemia

Excess of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

Hyperkalemia

Excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid

Hypernatremia

Excess of sodium in the extracellular fluid

Hypertonic

Having a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared

Hypotonic

Having a lesser concentration than the solution with which it is being compared

A client who is admitted to the health care facility has been diagnosed with cerebral edema. Which intervener solution should be administered to this client.

Hypertonic solution

active transport

Movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy

A patient is admitted to the nurses unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypocalemia . His laboratory results show a serum calcium level of 8.24. What assessment finding will the nurse be looking?

Muscle cramping tetany

A 50-year-old client with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The client reports muscle weakness and falls easily. The nurse should assess which electrolyte.

Potassium

The nurse, writing nursing diagnosis of fluid volume excess. What risk factor with the nurse assess in this client

Renal failure

Base

Substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali

The nurse is describing the role of anti-diuretic corneral in the regulation of body fluids. What phenomenon takes place when anti-diuretic hormone is present?

The renal system retains more water

Hyperphosphatemia

above-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

edema

accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces

cross-matching

act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

Ion

atom or molecule carrying an electrical charge in solution

Hypophosphatemia

below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

Osmolarity

concentration of particles in a solution, or a solution's pulling power

Acidosis

condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

Alkalosis

condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

Dehydration

decreased water volume in body tissue

Hypovolemia

deficiency of blood plasma

A nurse who has diagnosed a client as having fluid volume excess related to compromise regulatory mechanism (kidneys) may have been alerted by what symptom

distended neck veins

Hypervolemia

excess of plasma

pH

expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of a substance

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

fluid within the cell; synonym for cellular fluid

hydrostatic pressure

force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

Antigen

foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

The process of filtration begins

glomerulus

Isotonic

having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared

A nurse is providing care to a client with hypocalcemia. The nurse should monitor the client laboratory test results for which imbalance.

hyperphosphatemia

The nurse is caring for a client who has had partial removal of the parathyroid gland. The client reports numbness and tingling of the hands and fingers as well as showing signs of tetany. Which imbalance does the nurse suspect

hypocalcemia

A client is admitted to the facility after experiencing uncontrolled diarrhea for the past several days the client is exhibiting signs of a fluid volume deficit. When revealing the clients laboratory, test results, which electrolyte and balance, would the nurse likely find

hypokalemia

A client with protracted, nausea and vomiting has been receiving intervenous solutions at 125 mL/hr for the past several hours. The administration of the solution has resulted in an increase in blood pressure because the water in the solution has passed through the semi permeable membrane of blood cells, causing them to swell what type of solution has the client been receiving

hypotonic solutions

antibody

immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

Hypocalcemia

insufficient amount of calcium in the extracellular fluid

Hypochloremia

insufficient amount of chloride in the extracellular fluid

Hypomagnesemia

insufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

Hypokalemia

insufficient amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid

Hyponatremia

insufficient amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid

The nurse, along with a nursing student, is caring for Mrs. Roper, who was admitted with dehydration. The student asks the nurse where most of the body fluid is located. The nurse should answer with which fluid compartment?

intracellular

Cation

ion that carries a positive electric charge

Anions

ions that carry a negative charge

which solution is a crystalloid solution that has the same osmotic pressure as that found within the cells of the body and is used to expand intravascular volume

isotonic

The nurse mass administer an isotonic intervenous solution to a client who has lost fluid. Which fluids are isotonic.

lactated ringer's solution 0.9% NaCL (normal saline)

Solvents

liquid holding a substance in solution

autologous transfusion

occurs when a patient donates one's own blood for a transfusion

A client with chronic anemia is admitted for the administration of blood. What would the nurse expect the physician to order?

packed cells

Osmosis

passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established

capillary filtration

passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary; results from the force of blood "pushing" against the walls of the capillaries

colloid osmotic pressure

pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure

The nurse is assessing for the presence of edema in a client who is confined to bed, and who often lies supine. The nurse would pay particular attention to which area.

sacral area

Sodium is the most abundant caution in the extra cellular fluid. Which is true regarding sodium.

sodium is regulated by the renin angiotensin aldosterone system

The primary extra cellular electrolyte is

sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate

Electrolytes

substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

Acid

substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released

Solutes

substance dissolved in a solution

Buffer

substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkaline

Diffusion

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

blood typing

the laboratory examination to determine a person's blood type


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