Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance Key Terms
What commonly use intervenous solution is hypotonic
0.45% NaCl
The nurses teaching a healthy adult client about adequate hydration. How much average daily intake does the nurse recommend?
2500 mL/day
A home care nurse is visiting a client with renal failure who is on fluid restriction. The client tells the nurse I get thirsty very often. What my help? What would the nurse include as a suggestion for this client?
Avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids
The nurse is educating a client with hypo kalemia on why it is important to maintain potassium balance, which does the nurse include in the teaching
Cardiac function
A client is taking a diuretic such as furosemide. When implement a client, education, what information should be included
Decrease potassium levels
A client who is nothing by mouth prior to surgery reports feeling thirsty. What is the physiologic process that drives the thirst factor
Decreased blood, volume and intercellular dehydration
Hypercalcemia
Excess of calcium in the extracellular fluid
Hyperchloremia
Excess of chloride in the extracellular fluid
Hypermagnesemia
Excess of magnesium in the extracellular fluid
Hyperkalemia
Excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid
Hypernatremia
Excess of sodium in the extracellular fluid
Hypertonic
Having a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared
Hypotonic
Having a lesser concentration than the solution with which it is being compared
A client who is admitted to the health care facility has been diagnosed with cerebral edema. Which intervener solution should be administered to this client.
Hypertonic solution
active transport
Movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy
A patient is admitted to the nurses unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypocalemia . His laboratory results show a serum calcium level of 8.24. What assessment finding will the nurse be looking?
Muscle cramping tetany
A 50-year-old client with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The client reports muscle weakness and falls easily. The nurse should assess which electrolyte.
Potassium
The nurse, writing nursing diagnosis of fluid volume excess. What risk factor with the nurse assess in this client
Renal failure
Base
Substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali
The nurse is describing the role of anti-diuretic corneral in the regulation of body fluids. What phenomenon takes place when anti-diuretic hormone is present?
The renal system retains more water
Hyperphosphatemia
above-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus
edema
accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces
cross-matching
act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens
Ion
atom or molecule carrying an electrical charge in solution
Hypophosphatemia
below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus
Osmolarity
concentration of particles in a solution, or a solution's pulling power
Acidosis
condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35
Alkalosis
condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45
Dehydration
decreased water volume in body tissue
Hypovolemia
deficiency of blood plasma
A nurse who has diagnosed a client as having fluid volume excess related to compromise regulatory mechanism (kidneys) may have been alerted by what symptom
distended neck veins
Hypervolemia
excess of plasma
pH
expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of a substance
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid within the cell; synonym for cellular fluid
hydrostatic pressure
force exerted by a fluid against the container wall
Antigen
foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response
The process of filtration begins
glomerulus
Isotonic
having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared
A nurse is providing care to a client with hypocalcemia. The nurse should monitor the client laboratory test results for which imbalance.
hyperphosphatemia
The nurse is caring for a client who has had partial removal of the parathyroid gland. The client reports numbness and tingling of the hands and fingers as well as showing signs of tetany. Which imbalance does the nurse suspect
hypocalcemia
A client is admitted to the facility after experiencing uncontrolled diarrhea for the past several days the client is exhibiting signs of a fluid volume deficit. When revealing the clients laboratory, test results, which electrolyte and balance, would the nurse likely find
hypokalemia
A client with protracted, nausea and vomiting has been receiving intervenous solutions at 125 mL/hr for the past several hours. The administration of the solution has resulted in an increase in blood pressure because the water in the solution has passed through the semi permeable membrane of blood cells, causing them to swell what type of solution has the client been receiving
hypotonic solutions
antibody
immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen
Hypocalcemia
insufficient amount of calcium in the extracellular fluid
Hypochloremia
insufficient amount of chloride in the extracellular fluid
Hypomagnesemia
insufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular fluid
Hypokalemia
insufficient amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid
Hyponatremia
insufficient amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid
The nurse, along with a nursing student, is caring for Mrs. Roper, who was admitted with dehydration. The student asks the nurse where most of the body fluid is located. The nurse should answer with which fluid compartment?
intracellular
Cation
ion that carries a positive electric charge
Anions
ions that carry a negative charge
which solution is a crystalloid solution that has the same osmotic pressure as that found within the cells of the body and is used to expand intravascular volume
isotonic
The nurse mass administer an isotonic intervenous solution to a client who has lost fluid. Which fluids are isotonic.
lactated ringer's solution 0.9% NaCL (normal saline)
Solvents
liquid holding a substance in solution
autologous transfusion
occurs when a patient donates one's own blood for a transfusion
A client with chronic anemia is admitted for the administration of blood. What would the nurse expect the physician to order?
packed cells
Osmosis
passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established
capillary filtration
passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary; results from the force of blood "pushing" against the walls of the capillaries
colloid osmotic pressure
pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure
The nurse is assessing for the presence of edema in a client who is confined to bed, and who often lies supine. The nurse would pay particular attention to which area.
sacral area
Sodium is the most abundant caution in the extra cellular fluid. Which is true regarding sodium.
sodium is regulated by the renin angiotensin aldosterone system
The primary extra cellular electrolyte is
sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
Electrolytes
substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution
Acid
substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released
Solutes
substance dissolved in a solution
Buffer
substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkaline
Diffusion
tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established
blood typing
the laboratory examination to determine a person's blood type
