Forearm

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The Cubital fossa

Boundaries: lateral: bracioradialis medial border: pronator teres upper border: elbow joint Contents - median n., radial n., Brachial a. (splits into radial and ulnar at this point), biceps tendon

Thenar Compartment

Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis N: Recurrent branch of median nerve *in serious carpal tunnel there is atrophy of the thenar eminence

Hypothenar Compartment

Flexor digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Opponens digit minimi (deep) N: deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Intermediate layer O: common flexor tendon and ant. radius and ulna I: 4 tendons to middle phalanges of 4 medial digits (not thumb) N: median N. F: flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints

Supinator

O: Lateral epicondyle I: Wraps around proximal radius N: Deep branch radial nerve F: supination *synergistic with the biceps

Flexor Carpi ulnaris

O: Medial epicondyle I: 5th metacarpal N:ulnar N. F: wrist flexion and adduction superficial layer

Flexor Pollicis Longus

O: Radial shaft I: Distal phalanx - 1st digit - thumb N: Median nerve - ant. IO branch F: flexes phalanges of thumb deep layer

Dorsal Interossei

O: adjacent metacarpals I: extensor hood bases of proximal phalanges 2-4 N: Deep brach ulnar nerve DAB - dorsal abducts deepest group of the hand

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

O: ant. ulna and IO membrane I: bases distal phalanges 4 medial digits N: medial 2 tendons = ulnar nerve lateral 2 tendons- ant. IO branch (median nerve) F: flexion in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) of the second to fifth fingers as well as the wrist joint deep layer

Flexor Carpi Radialis

O: common flexor tendon I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals N: median N. F: wrist flexion and abduction superficial layer

Pronator Teres

O: common flexor tendon I: lateral radial shaft N: median N. F: pronation superficial layer

Palmaris Longus

O: common flexor tendon I: palmar aponeurosis N: median N. F: support the palmar aponeurosis *absent in 15-20% of the population- test by touching thumb to pinky - more digital motion now - less need for it used in tendon transfers (grafts) superficial layer

Extensor Digitorum

O: lateral epicondyle I: bass of the middle and distal phalanges (2-5) N: deep branch radial nerve F: MCP/IP joint extension *intertendinous connections superficial

Extensor Carpi Radalis Longus

O: lateral epicondyle I: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal N: radial nerve F: extend and abduct /radially deviate wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

O: lateral epicondyle I: dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal N: deep branch radial nerve F: extend and abduct/radially deviate wrist superficial

Extensor Digiti minimi

O: lateral epicondyle I: extensor hood N: deep branch radial n. F: extension of the 5th digit , McP, and IP

Brachioradialis

O: lateral epicondyle I: radial styloid process N: radial nerve F: elbow flexion doesn't cross the wrist joint - doesn't flex

Palmar interossei

O: metacarpals 2,4,5 I: extensor hood bases of prox. phalanges 2,4,5 N: deep branch ulnar nerve only 2,4,5 - middle finger can't adduct and adductor pollicis takes care of the thumb

Adductor Pollicis

O: oblique head- capitate and base of metacarpals 2 &3 Transverse head- body of metacarpal 3 I: Base of proximal phalanx N: deep branch ulnar nerve F: Adducts the thumb looks like a fan

Pronator Quadratus

O: ulna I: radius N: anterior IO branch (median) F: forearm pronation deep layer

Lumbricals

O:Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus I: Lateral sides of the extensor hood in fingers 2-5 F: flex the MCP and extend the PIP and DIP - bye bye muscles N: half by median nerve (fingers 2-3) and half by deep branch of the ulnar nerve (fingers 4-5)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

O:lateral epicondyle I: ulnar side of the base of the 5th metacarpal N: deep branch radial nerve F: extend and adduct/ulnar deviation of the wrist

lateral fascial compartment

brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

Superficial layer of forearm

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and carpi ulnaris

Deep Group arm - posterior fascial compartment

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis


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