FSE 120 FTCC MIDTERM REVIEW
An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on pH scale
0;6
Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?
15 psi at 121 C for 10 minutes
How much of Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?
20%
8;14
A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale
commensalism
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
Endospore
A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions.
bacteriophage
A virus that infects bacteria
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
Cresols
Chemical used to produce lysol
The correct way to write the bacterium that causes gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
The four kingdoms
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?
Pseudomonas
The pus from ________ is blue.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
poultry
Salmonella food poisoning comes from
retort
a combustion chamber
Glycocalyx
a sticky, gelatinous coating on bacteria surrounding the cell wall
virulence
ability of microbe to survive and produce disease
Sporicides
agent that kills endospores
Surfactants
alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell
fungicide
an agent that kills mold
Larvicide
an agent that kills mosquito
Viricide
an agent that kills viruses
fomite
an inanimate object of which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted is a
vector
an organism that spreads diseases
Integument
another word for skin
An ___________ causes the body's immune system to respond
antigen
Fimbriae
appendages on bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces
binary fission
bacteria reproduce by a process called
obligate aerobes
bacteria that MUST have oxygen are
obligate anaerobes
bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen
incineration
best method to treat hazardous waste
hypertonic
causes bacterium to shrivel
hypotonic
causes bacterium to swell and might burst
The prefix strepto- means
chain
Alcohol
chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane
Phenol
chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor is
The prefix staphyl- means
clusters
Three basic shapes of bacteria are
coccus, bacillus, spirilla
Sterilization
completely removing or destroying all-life forms, endospores, or their products
iodophore
compound of iodine and surfactant
Iodine
disinfection that is a tincture
hyalouronidase
enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissues
Ebola is a ___________ disease.
epidemic
an infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is a/n ___________ infection.
focal
cowpox
gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox
Acquired
immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination
Antisepsis
inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue is
UV
kind of light that controls bacterial growth
thermal death point
lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes
the study of fungi
mycology
reservoir
natural habitat of a pathogen
How many chromosomes do bacteria have?
one
antagonism
one bacterium the inhibits the growth of another
Heterotroph
organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source
autotroph
organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis
Saprophytes
organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients
What are the three arrangements of bacteria?
pairs, chains, clusters
COVID-19 is a _____________ disease.
pandemic
UV light
physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's of DNA
Dry heat
physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins
antibodies
proteins that are Y shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens are
attenuation
reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it is
plasmids
small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria
fibronolysin
some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. that enzyme is
What can kill endospores?
sterilization
Yersinia pestis
the bacterium that causes bubonic plague
Smallpox
the only disease that has been eradicated and is no longer in the human population
sporulation
the process bacteria uses to produce an endospore
septicemia
the proper term for "blood poisoning" is
Slime layer
unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall
Genetic material in a protein coat would describe a _____________
virus
Disinfection
Destroying pathogenic agents by inanimate objects
exogenous is caused by microbes that
are not normally found in the body
facultative
bacteria that adapt to different sources of nutrition
Psycrophiles
bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit
Mesophiles
bacteria that prefers human temperatures
Obligate saprophyte
bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source would be ____________ bacteria
Zoonoses
diseases that are communicable from animal and animal products are
iodine
disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cells
Cytomegalovirus
microbe of great concern that can cross placenta is
When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell, that is known as
peritrichous
chlorine
used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools
How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?
usually increases effectiveness
Amphritrichous
when bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell
toxemia
when poisonous products of bacteria are distributed throughout the body
mutualism
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
Anopheles mosquito
mosquito that carries malaria
interferons
proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes
botulium toxin
most poisonous substance on Earth
