ga studies semester 2

How does a bill become law?

1. A bill is introduced in either house. 2. Lawmakers work in committees. 3. The bill is debated on the floor. 4. Lawmakers vote on the bill. 5. The bill is sent to the other house. 6. The process is repeated in the other house. 7. The bill is sent to the governor for approval.

What is a budget? Provide an example.

A budget is a plan for using income. The amount of expenditures (money going out) should not be greater than the income (money coming in )if one wants to avoid increasing debt. A budget usually includes how to spend and save money.

What is a special purpose government, provide examples.

A special-purpose government is one where a specific service is offered. A school district is a good example of this, since educational services are a specialized, specific service.

Describe the impact of the Mary Phagan murder in 1915. (Hint: 2 examples)

Approximately half of Georgia's Jewish population moved out of state Jews who stayed became more assimilated, anti-Israel, and Christian There was a strong revival of the Ku Klux Klan

Why is William B. Hartfield known as the "Father of Aviation" in Atlanta?

As mayor of Atlanta, William Berry Hartsfield purchased an old race track and developed the Atlanta Municipal Airport, which by 1957 had become the country's busiest airport with more than two million passengers annually.

What was the United States official military policy at the start of WWI and WWII?

At the beginning of both World War I and World War II, the initial policy of the United States was to remain neutral. While the U.S. eventually gave economic assistance to Europe and, of course, ended up fighting, the initial response was to stay out of European affairs.

What was Georgia's role in the first world war?

Because of the military history in Georgia, the state had many federal installations and training camps. Also, the rural spaces combined with strong railroad lines to make the situation ideal for large bases.

How did new agricultural technology impact Georgians in the years following WWII?

Because of tractors and other motorized farm implements, the efficiency of Georgia's farming improved, and a single farmer could work a larger plot of land. There were fewer farms in operation in Georgia after World War II, but agricultural production remained steady nonetheless.

Which early Civil Rights leader founded Tuskegee Institute and delivered the Atlanta Compromise speech at the 1895 International Cotton Exposition?

Booker T. Washington delivered the "Atlanta Compromise." He stressed the importance of economic opportunities for African Americans.

Discuss the similarities of Georgia's Constitution and the United States Constitution.

Both the Georgia Constitution and the U.S. Constitution set up a separation of powers within the government. This is seen by the creation of three branches of government, each with specific powers the other two do not have.

What Supreme Court case resulted in the desegregation of schools?

Brown v. Board of Education 1954 resulted in the desegregation of schools, ending the legal segregation that was established in Plessy v. Ferguson.

What impact did Carl Vinson have on the United States Navy?

Carl Vinson's insistence on expanding naval strength was a major factor in America's ability to defend itself from two enemies at the same time during the Second World War.

Compare and contrast criminal and civil law.

Criminal law defines what constitutes a crime and provides for punishing those who commit crimes. This is also called "penal codes" or "penal laws." CIvil law constitutes the seeking of monetary damages. For example, if you were hit by a motor vehicle and decided to sue the motorist for monetary damages.

Which civil rights leader believed in nonviolent protest?

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is well known for leading nonviolent protests and peacefully arguing for equality.

What speech did Martin Luther King Jr. give to thousands of Americans on the steps of the Lincoln memorial on the anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation? Why did he give this speech?

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I have a Dream Speech" was given to indicate the injustices still to be righted during the Civil Rights Movement and commemorate the anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. These were injustices that had gone on since before the foundation of the United States and were to have been addressed immediately following the Civil War.

Describe the views of W.E.B. DuBois an early Civil Rights leader.

DuBois was the founder of the N.A.A.C.P., a vital organization in the Civil Rights Movement. DuBois believed that the talented tenth should lead the African-American community in the fight for civil rights.

How did women contribute to the war effort? Where did they find employment that had previously been forbidden to them?

During World War II, women in the United States found greater employment opportunities in industrial jobs. While they still earned less for the same work as men, their efforts were vital to the war effort. Also, women were in the military, though not in front line experiences.

Provide examples of an excise tax.

Excise taxes are usually passed from the producer onto the consumer, meaning that the price of the good rises in the amount of the tax. Ex. Gasoline

Which state branch is responsible for enforcing the laws?

Executive branch

Why is Georgia becoming a leading location for the film industry?

Georgia has grown as one of the top filming locations because the state of Georgia has financial incentives for filmmakers, diverse filming locations, and vast professional resources. Financial incentives, like tax breaks, and the diverse regions of Georgia are attractive to filmmakers.

How does the Atlanta airport impact Georgia's economy?

Hartsfield-Jackson Airport has had the biggest impact on making Georgia a center of international business. Each day, thousands of business people from around the world enter the state here.

What political positions did Andrew Young hold during his life?

He served as a member of the House of Representatives, an ambassador to the United Nations, and the mayor of Atlanta.

Why did the United States enter World War I?

In 1917, British Intelligence intercepted what became known as the Zimmermann Telegram. This was a communication from the German government to the Mexican government that attempted to convince Mexico to declare war on the U.S. to distract Americans from getting involved in World War I. Even though Mexican President Carranza ruled out any such action, the U.S. had evidence of a threat to its national security and declared war on Germany and its allies, but not on Mexico.

Why did Atlanta host the International Cotton Exposition in 1881, 1885, and 1895?

In hosting the International Cotton Expositions, the organizers hope to show that Atlanta had many different economic capabilities. While "cotton" was in the name of the event, the fairs promoted the city's industrial opportunities in the years shortly after the Civil War.

What are the top 2 elected officials of the Executive branch?

In the Georgia government, the governor and lieutenant governor represent the Executive branch. Article 5 of the Georgia Constitution, adopted in 1983, establishes an executive branch of government with more than 100,000 employees directed by a governor and lieutenant governor who serve a four-year term of office.

How do Georgia's transportation systems benefit each other?

Interstate highways allow goods to be shipped to and from ports. While they may be owned and/or operated by different organizations, they both help the state's economy by allowing items to be imported and exported.

Describe the accomplishments of Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen Jr.

Ivan Allen, Jr. was one of the most important mayors the city of Atlanta has ever had. During his tenure the city expanded greatly, witnessing interstate and hotel construction, city expansion, and the entrance of three professional sports team on the scene. He was also the city's most progressive white mayor. On his first day as Mayor he ordered segregation signs removed from City Hall, opening the facilities to all races.

Which state branch is responsible for interpreting laws?

Judicial branch

Which state branch is responsible for making laws?

Legislative branch

What was Abraham Lincoln's plan for rebuilding the Union after the Civil War?

Lincoln felt that Reconstruction was primarily the pardoning of individuals, a presidential power.

Maynard Jackson is one of the longest serving Mayors in Atlanta's history. What decade represents a break in his service to the city of Atlanta?

Maynard Jackson was first elected mayor in 1974, and served until 1982. He was elected again in 1990 and was mayor until 1994. He was never mayor in the 2000s. He passed away in 2003.

Why did FDR build his "Little White House" in Warm Springs, Georgia?

President Franklin D. Roosevelt made the city of Warm Springs, Georgia, the site of his "Little White House" because the waters there helped to ease his polio. The naturally-occuring mineral springs there run at a constant temperature of about 90°F and provided relief from the pain he endured due to his polio

What tax must a homeowner pay each year?

Property taxes are paid by a homeowner each year.

What was the Radical Republican plan for rebuilding the Union after the Civil War?

Radicals saw the issue as the readmission of states, a congressional power.

How did Richard Russell contribute to Georgia's economic growth?

Russell helped to secure 15 military installations, more than 25 research facilities, and federal funding for construction. Some of the research facilities he secured include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Russell Agricultural Research Center.

How did Savannah and Brunswick contribute to the war effort?

Savannah and Brunswick are both port cities and are best known for building Liberty ships.

Describe sharecropping and its impact on formerly enslaved persons and land owners.

Since the South's economy relied on plantation farming, a new system had to be put in place after the Civil War. Sharecropping was supposed to benefit both the farmers and the land owners. It tended to keep African Americans in long-term debt. It gave freed people the ability to farm for themselves. It benefited landowners, as they would receive part of the crops.

Why was Governor Eugene Talmadge opposed to FDR's New Deal Programs?

Talmadge believed the AAA was too much government control over farmers. He was opposed to President Franklin Roosevelt's entire stable of "New Deal" programs, labeling them "Communist" efforts to extend government control over all people.

Describe tenant farming and explain why it became a dominant form of agriculture following the Civil War.

Tenant farming became popular in the South following the Civil War because masses of former slaves were needed to work for landowners. Tenant farmers- and sharecroppers- did not own the land on which they worked and were only allowed to keep approximately half of the crops they cultivated. While this is not slavery, it was scarcely better for millions of freed blacks. Eventually, many poor whites were tenant farmers, as well

Why did women's clubs grow "Victory Gardens" during WWI?

The "Victory Gardens" of the 1910s were used to help in the efforts in World War I. People would grow their own vegetables and eat them so that mass-produced food could go directly to the war effort, namely in feeding American, British, and French soldiers. True, there were "Victory Gardens" in World War II, but that was not until the 1940s.

What was the purpose of the 13th amendment?

The 13th Amendment ended slavery

Which group of people in the United States were impacted most by the Reconstruction amendments?

The 13th, 14th, and 15 Amendments MOST impacted the rights of African Americans and these were all passed in the years immediately after the Civil War.

What was the purpose of the 14th amendment?

The 14th guaranteed that anyone born in the United States would be a citizen

What was the purpose of the 15th amendment?

The 15th gave all American citizens the right to vote

Why was the 1956 Georgia State flag controversial?

The 1956 Georgia state flag caused controversy for nearly forty years because it bared the Confederate battle flag. Many leaders called for a new flag during the Civil Rights Movement.

Which civil rights movement hoped to desegregate an entire community?

The Albany Movement.

Describe the 1906 Atlanta Race Riots.

The Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 began after sensationalized reports of assaults on white women by Black men were spread in local newspapers. Thousands of white men rampaged through the streets of Atlanta in late September of 1906, killing approximately 25 African Americans and destroying many Black-owned businesses in the process.

What was accomplished by the 1964 Civil Rights Act?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a groundbreaking piece of legislation. Apart from making segregation in schools and public places illegal, it also prevented it from taking place in employment. It was then amended to protect women, as well.

What was the Civilian Conservation Corp?

The Civilian Conservation Corps was a public work relief program designed to preserve the nation's natural resources while providing unemployed men with jobs

How did the Freedmen's Bureau help formerly enslaved persons begin a new life after the Civil War? (Hint: 4 examples)

The Freedmen's Bureau was instrumental in getting educational and medical assistance to freed slaves in the Reconstruction Era. Despite its best intentions, though, the Bureau's efforts were slowed by limited funding and the actions of white supremacy groups. It reunited families who had been separated through the slave trade. It helped freedmen find employment, like farm labor or sharecropping. It helped get food delivered to poor whites and freedmen in the South. It established schools for African Americans and poor whites to attend.

What are the responsibilities of the Lieutenant Governor of Georgia?

The Lieutenant Governor is the chief officer of the Senate. As the second highest elected official in the state and the President of the Senate, the Lieutenant Governor presides over debate in the Senate chamber and works with advocates to introduce legislation.

Which group of people would Tom Watson and the Populist Party most appeal?

The Populist Party appealed to poor white farmers who were struggling from debt and low cotton prices. The Populist Party also attempted to gain the support of black farmers, and threatened to split the white vote in a number of southern states.

Why did Georgia create the Sibley Commission?

The Sibley Commission (1960) can be closely related to the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Remember that Brown v. Board of Education ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The purpose of the Sibley Commission was to study the situation and decide whether or not Georgia's public school's should follow that order or whether they should simply just shut down completely.

What did the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson establish?

The Supreme Court decision of Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the principle of separate but equal, making racial segregation legal. This would last until 1954 with the Brown v. Board of Education case.

How did the Boll Weevil affect the Southeastern United States of America?

The boll weevil migrated into the United States from Mexico in the late-1800s, and by the 1920s had devastated the cotton industry in the American south. Pesticides created in the 20th century eradicated the beetle, though with great human and environmental costs.

Compare and contrast delinquent v. unruly behavior, provide examples.

The difference between the behaviors is that delinquent behaviors are unlawful if committed by either adults or juveniles, while unruly behaviors are unlawful only when committed by juveniles. Curfew violations and disobedience are examples of unruly behaviors.

How did the major droughts in the late 20's and early 30's affect Georgia?

The drought occurred right at the time of the Great Depression and the introduction of the boll weevil to Georgia. It made the lives of rural farmers even more difficult, adding to the problems of the Great Depression and the boll weevil.

Why is the port of Savannah an advantage to Georgia Businesses?

The port of Savannah has been Georgia's primary seaport since the founding of the colony in 1733. It is one of the busiest seaports on the eastern seaboard because it is easily accessible from the entire southeastern region of the U.S. making the port of Savannah a major distribution hub to and from a 26 state region.

hat was the purpose of Jim Crow laws?

The purpose of Jim Crow laws was to create as much division between the races as possible. The laws endorsed segregation, or separation, of the races. Black and white citizens had separate water fountains, separate schools, separate churches, and so on.

Describe the Rural Free Delivery Act of 1893.

The purpose of the Rural Free Delivery Act of 1893 was to provide free mail service to isolated areas of the country.

Describe the role of committees in the legislative branch?

The thirty-six House and twenty-six Senate committees are organized by such topics as agriculture, education, or taxes. Each political party's leadership selects members to serve on the committees, which ensures that the parties are effectively represented in the process.

Describe the Union blockade plan during the Civil War. What was its nickname?

The union blockade caused inflation and shortages in the South, especially for manufactured goods. It prevented most goods from being imported into the South. The Anaconda Plan.

What industry received the largest impact from the 1996 Atlanta Olympics?

Tourism was the industry that received the biggest boost from the 1996 Olympics. More people from around the world visit Atlanta now than before the 1996 Olympics.

Describe Sherman's scorched earth campaign.

Union General William T. Sherman sought to break the will of the Confederacy by marching a large army through the South in late 1864, destroying everything in its path and freeing enslaved people.

What was the purpose of WWII propaganda campaigns in American Society?

WWII propaganda stressed that cooperation by all would result in American World War II victory.

What two New Deal programs were a result of FDR's direct ties to Georgia?

While he was in Georgia, the president visited many rural areas, where he saw poor farmers who were greatly affected by the economic problems in the country. He offered many programs to the state because he saw the plight of poor farmers. AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Act Rural Electrification Act

What event caused the United States to enter WWII?

While the German invasion of Poland is considered the start of World War II in Europe, the United States kept its neutrality for the next two years (even through the German air attack on Britain) until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania was one of a number of issues that led to American involvement in World War

Why did the population increase in Northern cities following the Civil War?

While there are many reasons cities have had rising populations, this question frames the issue in terms of a specific event. Knowing what you know about the causes of the Civil War and the issues that had been tearing at the country since it's beginning, the answer is clearly 'the flight of former slaves.'

What are the principles of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Georgia State flag?

Wisdom, Justice, and moderation

What political positions did Jimmy Carter hold during his life?

· State Senator · Former Governor of Georgia · 39th President of the United States · 2002 Nobel Peace Prize Winner

What are the requirements for someone to vote in Georgia?

· Voters must be a citizen of the United States of America · Voters must be 18 years of age by Election day · Voters must be a legal resident of the state of Georgia.

What are the responsibilities of a citizen of Georgia?

· voting · volunteering · paying taxes