Science Chapter 4 test

Igneous rocks that form _____ the surface are intrusive. a. above b. below c. on d. all of the above

below

The rock cycle can change sedimentary rock limestone into _______ through metamorphoses. conglomerate gneiss granite marble

marble

chemical sedimentary rocks from when ______ crystallize directly from water.

minerals

metamorphic rocks that have interlocking mineral grains

nonfoliated rocks

Sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of once living things are

organic (Biochemical?)

permanent bending and folding of rocks without melting

plastic deformation

Which factors allow rocks to bend or fold without melting? gravity and pressure compostions and gravity pressure and temperature temperature and gravity

pressure and temperature

metamorphism associated with mountain building

regional metamorphism

Basaltic igneous rocks are ______.

rich in iron and magnesium

The _____ shows how one rock changes into another. a. rock cycle b melting process formation of crystals none of the above

rock cycle

A student finds a rock with seashells in it. What kind of rock is it?

sedimentary rock

Metamorphic rocks are divided up into two categories. Which characteristic determines the category of metamorphic rock?

texture

Sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____. compaction weathering and eroding cementation heat and pressure

weathering and erosion

When lava cools at Earth's Surface, _____ igneous rocks are formed.

Extrusive

_________ would be considered a rock. Quartz Mica Granite All of the above

Granite

Define clasts

Is a broken piece of rock that is used to make an elastic sedimentary rock.

Define rock

Is a solid formed from mineral grains and can be classified into three groups.

Explain what contact metamorphism is

It is when a rock goes through a series of heat and pressure and turns into metamorphic rock.

Why is the diagram of the rock cycle not just a simply circle?

The rock cycle is showing that each rock can be used or turned into a different rock through a natural process.

Discuss how a metamorphic rock could become either a sedimentary rock or an igneous rock.

Metamorphic rock can be uplifted and experience weathering and erosion to turn into sediment which becomes sedimentary rock through cementation and compaction. Metamorphic rock can also change into igneous rock through melting, cooling, and crystallizing. Then it becomes an igneous rock.

According to the rock cycle, can a sedimentary rock be transformed directly into an igneous rock?

No because sedimentary rock must first turn into a metamorphite rock through heat and pressure. Then it melts, cools and crystallizes to become and igneous rock.

Which statement is correct regarding metamorphic rock formation? The temperature inside Earth is cooler which allows metamorphic rocks to form more quickly. Small pieces of rocks are buried, squeezed, and cemented together. Weathering and erosion cause rocks to break down to form metamorphic rocks. The deeper into Earth's crust, the higher the pressure that forms metamorphic rocks.

The deeper into Earth's crust, the higher the pressure that forms metamorphic rocks.

The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can _____? a. provide materials to make other rocks b. form other rocks c. be changed by forces at Earth's surface d. all of the above.

all of the above

Igneous rocks from from ____ when it cools. magma lava neither a nor b both a and b

both a and b

happens when magma causes existing rocks to change

contact metamorphism

Sedimentary rocks from because of all of the following EXCEPT _______. sediments becoming pressed or cemented together crystals solidifying from magma sediment forming from solution water evaporating, leaving crystals behind

crystals solidifying from magma

All of the following conditions in Eawrth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT _____ exposure to air the presence of hot, watery fluids heat pressure

exposure to air

Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are classified as _____.

foliated

A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are _______. chemical or organic intrusive or extrusive foliated or non foliated basaltic or granite

foliated or nonfoliated

metamorphic rocks that contain parallel layers of minerals

foliated rocks

Sedimentary rocks are________. formed from magma a type of foliated igneous rocks formed because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot watery fluids. formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions

formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions

Which type of scientist analyzes the composition of rocks?

geologist

Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ______

held together with natural cements

When magma cools deep inside Earth, _____ igneous rocks are formed.

intrusive

The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce ____ mineral grains. tiny invisible fine-grained large

large

Foliated rocks are distinguished by _____. layers lack of layers large mineral grains air holes

layers