General Psychology Chapter 3 Questions

Texture gradient refers to the fact that texture appears to become __________

Less detailed in the distance

Figure-ground relationships concern the tendency to ________

Perceive objects, or figures, on some background

The outermost part of the ear is called the ________

Pinna

The visible spectrum refers to the ____________.

Portion of the whole spectrum of light that is visible to the human eye.

You will more than likely see "XXX XXX XXX" as three groups of "X" rather than one group of nine "X"s. This example illustrates which of the following Gestalt Laws?

Proximity

The place theory of pitch suggests that pitch is determined by the _________

Specific location where hair cells are stimulated

If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper, you will see a greenish image of the object. This phenomenon BEST supports ___________ theory of color vision.

the opponent-process

The trichromatic and opponent-process theories of color vision are not in conflict because each corresponds to __________.

A different stage of visual processing

Which of the following phenomena is a function of the distribution of the rods and cones in the retina?

A dim star viewed at night may disappear when you look directly at it, but reappear when you look to one side of it

We can see a candle flame at 30 miles on a clear, dark night, and we can hear the tick of a watch 20 feet away in a quiet room. These two facts are examples of ___________

Absolute thresholds

When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates __________.

Binocular disparity

The transparent protective coating over the front part of the eye is the ____________.

Cornea

The ability to see the world in three dimensions is called ____________

Depth Perception

Which are of the tongue has the greatest sensitivity?

Edges and sides of tongue

Which of the following are the auditory receptors where sound waves finally become neural impulses?

Hair cells

The reason that there are three semicircular canals is so that we ______________.

Have one canal to sense motion in each of the three planes

Place theory works for explaining ________ pitches and frequency theory works for explaining _________

High, low

Maricella always uses less seasoning on her food than do the other members of her family. Her sister has just taken an introductory psychology course and says to Maricella, ________.

I know what you are - you are a supertaster

Which part of the eye is a muscle that regulates the size of the pupil?

Iris

Parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called ____________

Linear perspective

Pitch is to frequency as ____________

Loudness is to amplitude

The sense of smell is known as ___________

Olfaction

An olfactory stimulus travels from receptor to __________

Olfactory Bulb

Where are taste receptors located?

On the taste buds

Which of the following occurs when, because one object appears to be blocking another object, the view assumes that the blocked object is farther away?

Overlap

Which component of the eye contains the visual receptors?

Retina

Dizziness, nausea, and disorientation may result if the information from the eyes conflicts a little too much with that from the vestibular organs, according to the _____________ of motion sickness

Sensory Conflict Theory

Suppose your town is located in a valley. Obviously, you'll realize that the size of your town doesn't change regardless of whether you look at it up close or from a hilltop. This is primarily due to ________.

Size Constancy

Sounds waves are simply _________

The vibration of the molecules of the air surrounding us

Which of the following is true about cones?

They are found mainly in the center of the eye.

Which is the best description of the skin senses?

They have to do with touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

Similarity is the tendency to perceive ___________

Things that look similar as being part of the same group

What are the hammer, anvil, and stirrup?

Tiny bones located in the middle ear

The change in the shape of the lens in order to focus on a visual image is known as ________.

Visual Accommodation

Which theory proposes that auditory neurons do not fire all at once but in rotation?

Volley principle

It is difficult to distinguish between colors at night because ____________.

We are seeing primarily with the rods

The principle that the just noticeable difference of any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulus being judged is called _________.

Weber's law

According to the opponent process theory, if you stare at a blue star for a while and then look at a plain sheet of white paper, you will see an afterimage of the star in which hue?

Yellow

The fovea is made up of _____________.

all cones and no rods

What are the five primary tastes?

bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami

Our eyes don't adapt completely to a repeated visual stimulus because ________.

eye movements called microsaccades cause the stimulus image to vibrate slightly on the retina

Axons from ganglion cells make up the ___________.

optic nerve

Laverne looks at the tongue of her friend and sees all kinds of bumps on her tongue. "Girl," she says,"you sure have a lot of _________."

papillae

Which of the following sequences correctly indicates the pathway of nerve impulses on their way from the eye to the brain?

photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Perception is the ___________

process by which people take all the sensations they experience at any given moment and interpret them in some meaningful fashion

The process by which unchanging information from the senses of taste, touch, smell, and vision is "ignored" by the sensory receptor cells themselves is called ___________.

sensory adaptation

Cells that are triggered by light, vibrations, sounds, touch, or chemical substances are called __________.

sensory receptors

What is the basic function of the outer ear?

to concentrate and funnel sound waves to the eardrum

Continuity is the tendency to ____________

to perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern

The idea that the eye contains separate receptors for red, green, and blue is known as the __________ Theory

trichromatic