GEO 101 Exam 1
Where would you expect to find the largest crystals in a lava flow?
in the center of the flow
The earth's core is made up primarily of ________
iron
What are the "plates" of plate tectonics made up of?
lithosphere
What drives plate tectonics?
mantle convection
New oceanic crust is created at _______.
mid-ocean ridges
Large crystals with well-formed crystal faces tend to form when ____ . A) minerals have space to grow B) rocks undergo melting C) molten rock cools quickly D) volcanoes erupt explosively
minerals have space to grow
Which of the following elements is more abundant in the Earth's crust as compared to the Earth as a whole? ν A) iron ν B) magnesium ν C) nickel ν D) silicon
nickel
The east coast of North America is __________.
not a plate boundary
Which of the following igneous rocks has the lowest silica content?
ultramafic
Which of the following statements about the scientific method is false?
A theory that has accumulated a substantial body of experimental support is called a hypothesis.
On a map of the seafloor, the boundaries between normally magnetized oceanic crust and reversely magnetized oceanic crust are called _______.
A) Isochrons
Magnetic reversals of the Earth's magnetic field occur when: A) the Earth's magnetic poles flip B) the Earth's magnetic field decreases in intensity C) the Earth's magnetic poles wonder D) the Earth's magnetic field increases in intensity
A) the Earth's magnetic poles flip
Which of the following processes occurs during lithification? recrystallization of unstable minerals B) compaction C) cementation D) All of these may occur during lithification.
All these may occur
Which of the following environments is an example of a shoreline environment? A) Alluvial B) Continental shelf C) Deltaic D) Organic reef
At or near the Earth's surface
Isotopes of an element have different numbers of ______.
Neutrons
In order to make a sodium (Na) chlorine (Cl) bond in NaCl, __________.
one electron is transferred from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom
The mineral property "cleavage" refers to _______.
The splitting of a mineral along planar surfaces
Large igneous bodies that form at depth in the Earth's crust are called ______. A) dikes B) plutons C) sills
plutons
Continental crust differs from oceanic crust in which of the following characteristics:
Thickness, Density, Composition
The principle of "Catastrophism" views the development of Earth as:
a series of sporadic, cataclysmic events
What powers the Earth's external heat engine?
solar energy
What type of plate boundary is shown in the diagram?
subduction zone
A divergent plate boundary like the East African Rift is a result of _______ stresses within the crust.
tensional
Sodium has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons will the sodium ion Na+ have?
10
What is the approximate silica content of a granite? A) 30% B) 50% C) 70% D) 90%
70%
Which of the following mountain ranges is the product of ocean-ocean convergence
B) the Japanese islands
Which of the following statements is TRUE? All convergent plate boundaries are subduction zones. B) All subduction zones involve the interaction of oceanic and continental crust. C) All subduction zones occur at convergent plate boundaries. D) All convergent plate boundaries involve the process of rifting
C) All subduction zones occur at convergent plate boundaries.
Which of the following processes occurs during lithification? A) recrystallization of unstable minerals B) compaction C) cementation D) All of these may occur during lithification.
D) All of these may occur during lithification.
Which of the following relationships is correct?
D) lithosphere = crust + upper mantle
The presence of water will ________ the melting temperature of a rock
DECREASE
Which of the following environments is an example of a shoreline environment? A) Alluvial B) Continental shelf C) Deltaic D) Organic reef
Deltaic
Diamond is an example of what type of bonding
Diamond
What is the hardest mineral
Diamond
Intrusive igneous rocks form: A) Inside the Earth's crust B) At the surface of the Earth C) In the Earth's core D) In all of the above scenarios
Inside the Earth's curst
A. Extrusive igneous rocks associated with mid-ocean ridges Mantle plumes (hot spots) form at _________.
The core-mantle boundary
True or False: Ultimately any rock type can be turned into any other rock type via the process of the rock cycle.
True
The main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks is _______. A. silica composition B. where they solidify C. viscosity D. all of the above (?)
all the above
How old is the Earth?
approximately 4.5 billion years old
Which of the following igneous rocks crystallizes at the Earth's surface? ν A) basalt ν B) gabbro ν C) granite ν D) peridotite
basalt
What type of rock makes up most of the Hawaiian Islands?
bassalt
What is limestone made of? ν A) calcite ν B) feldspar ν C) olivine ν D) quartz
calcite
Which of the following elements tends to share electrons?
carbon
Which of the following is the least reliable physical property? A) streak B) cleavage C) color D) hardness
color
The motion of a flowing material where hot matter rises from the bottom and cool matter sinks from the surface is called ____________ .
convention
Which of the following tectonic settings has the greatest range in magma compositions? A) convergent plate boundaries B) transform plate boundaries C) divergent plate boundaries D) hot spots (mantle plumes)
convergent plate boundaries
