GEOG 2050 EXAM #2

Hadel zone

Deepest part of the ocean > 6,000 m (20,000 ft) Warmest water

Photic zone

Epipelagic zone; 0-200 m; topmost layer where light from the sun penetrates

52 56.2 10 21.9 23.4

From the activity, you measured the actual water vapor of a parcel of air as 12.3 mb (i.e., the content). Use the saturation vapor pressure graph and table from the exercise or look at your textbook (Figure 3.9 of Living Physical Geography) to find the correct match for the items listed below. *Please make sure to round your to answers to the nearest tenth of a decimal place (e.g., 12.3) and select the closest number to your own calculations.* At 20 degrees C, the relative humidity is: At 35 degrees C, the saturation vapor pressure is: The dew point temperature is: At 35 degrees C, the relative humidity is: At 20 degrees C, the saturation vapor pressure is:

a

From the exercise, you determined the difference in saturation vapor pressure between -30ºC and -10ºC and between 10ºC and 30ºC? Based on what you learned, why are these different even though the temperature difference is 20ºC in both cases? Select one: a. Warm air contains much more water vapor than cold air. b. The dew point temperature failed to determine the saturation pressure. c. The gas laws do not work below freezing. d. Cold air contains more water vapor than warm air. e. The sea level pressure decreased.

Telescope Peak

Good chance of clear skies at a high elevation

Cumulus clouds

Heaped, puffy

Mt. Whitney

Highest elevation, possibly snow covered

e

If 1 kilogram of air has 12 g of water vapor and the temperature is 40 degrees C, what is the relative humidity? Please use the table provided below or in the activity to help you answer this question correctly. a. 100% b. 50% c. 80% d. 0% e. 25.5%

26

Imagine you are driving from the beach (at sea level, 0 m altitude) in Hawaii to the top of a nearby volcano at 4000 m. Calculate the temperature change when you reach the top of the volcano using the normal or average lapse rate (6.5 degrees C/1000 m). Give the numerical value only since the units are degrees C.

a

In the exercise, we had 1 gram of ice at -100°C and added heat to convert the ice to liquid and then to water vapor at 200°C. Based on what you learned from the activity, how many total calories were needed to heat 1 gram of ice at -100°C to 1 gram of water vapor at 200°C? Select one: a. 870 calories b. 540 calories c. 770 calories d. 230 calories e. 1740 calories f. 100 calories g. 50 calories

d

In the exercise, we had 1 gram of ice at -100ºC and added heat to convert the ice to liquid and then to water vapor at 200ºC. You determined the total amount of heat needed in calories. Based on what you learned, how many total calories would you have to remove to cool 2 grams of water vapor at 200ºC to ice at -100ºC? Select one: a. 100 calories b. 870 calories c. 50 calories d. 1740 calories e. 540 calories f. 770 calories g. 230 calories

c d e f g a b h

In this week's activity you learned about the different processes that occur during the hydrologic cycle.Match the letters on the figure to correct answers. Please make sure to use each only letter once. Precipitation (rain or snow) Runoff over land Infiltration into ground Transpiration Freshwater storage Evaporation Condensation and cloud formation Groundwater storage

e a d b f c

In this week's activity, you determined the specific humidity, relative humidity, temperature, and grams of water lost since the last station for six stations at different elevations. Match the blue letters to the correct value on your graph. Note: Some of the values were rounded. ~0 g ~5.25 g/kg ~0.75 g/kg -9.5 degrees C ~21 degrees C 100%

fresno death valley telescope peak mt whitney lone pine king's canyon

In this week's activity, you examine six stations across the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. Each station has unique characteristics, match the following to the correct station. Please make sure to use each answer only once. Windward side, no precipitation Lowest elevation and lowest humidity Good chance of clear skies at a high elevation Highest elevation, possibly snow covered Leeward side, rain shadow influenced, lower elevation Windward side, precipitation possible

d b e c a

In this week's activity, you generated a graph of temperature vs altitude for an air parcel with a specific humidity of 7.5 g/kg at 30 degrees Celsius at 0 meters. The figure below has letters next to items you graphed and labeled, match each correctly. Environmental Lapse Rate Moist Adiabatic Rate = 6 degrees Celsius per 1000 m Dew Point Temperature Dry Adiabatic Rate = 10 degrees Celsius per 1000 m Lifting Condensation Level

540

Latent heat of evaporation/condensation for 1 gram of ice/water

Stratus clouds

Layered

Lone Pine

Leeward side, rain shadow influenced, lower elevation

Death Valley

Lowest elevation and lowest humidity

c d f a e h g b

Match each letter to the correct corresponding cloud type. Please make sure to use each letter only once. c- Cumulonimbus d- Altostratus f- Nimbostratus a- Cirrostratus e- Stratus h- Cumulus g- Cirrus b- Altocumulus

d c b a

Match each letter to the correct corresponding fog type. Please make sure to use each only letter once. Radiation Fog Valley Fog Evaporation Fog Advection Fog

Aphotic zone

No light; below 1000 m

540

Phase change from evaporation to condensation requires _____ calories per gram of water

1

Sensible heat needed to raise the temperature 1 degree Celsius for 1 gram of water

1

Sensible heat needed to raise the temperature 1 degree Celsius for 1 gram of water vapor

b

Submarine mountain ranges are called a. Continental shelves b. mid ocean ridge c. Coriolis force d. Gyres

c

The collision and coalescence process occurs in __________ clouds. Select one: a. mixed b. various c. warm d. cold

D C A B E

The figure shown below is similar to the one you created in part #2 of the weekly exercise when learning about the different phase changes of water. Based on the figure provided below, match each letter with the correct corresponding phase of water. Evaporation Liquid Solid Melting Gas

b

The figure shown below is the "water" or "hydrologic" cycle from the USGS website that you visited earlier in the activity. Imagine that you are a drop of water in the ocean, what path would you take in the water cycle. Select the correct sequence . a. Condensation, precipitation, evaporation, encounter a mountain, increase in elevation, advection of water vapor, surface water, runoff, colder temperature, flow into b. Evaporation, advection of water vapor, encounter a mountain, increase in elevation, colder temperature, condensation, precipitation, surface water, runoff, flow into ocean. c. Advection of water vapor, evaporation, groundwater, colder temperature, condensation, precipitation, encounter a mountain, flow into ocean, surface water, increase in elevation, runoff. d. Colder temperature, condensation, evaporation, advection of water vapor, precipitation, encounter a mountain, flow into ocean, increase in elevation, surface water, runoff.

d

The large circular ocean currents in the ocean basins are called? a. Continental shelves b. mid ocean ridge c. Coriolis force d. Gyres

80

The latent heat of melting/freezing for 1 gram of ice/water

0.5

The sensible heat needed to raise the temperature 1 degree Celsius for 1 gram of ice 0.5 calories

a

The shallow, sloping areas of seafloor near the continents are called ? a. Continental shelves b. mid ocean ridge c. Coriolis force d. Gyres

d

There is an air parcel at the Earth's surface and the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius with a relative humidity of 100%. As the air parcel rises in the atmosphere, what is the lapse rate for this air parcel? Select one: a. Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR) b. Normal Lapse Rate (NLR) c. Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DAR) d. Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate (MAR)

a

Water molecules attach to each other through __________. a. hydrogen bonding b. cohesive bonding c. adhesive bonding d. covalent bonding

c

What apparent force is responsible for causing surface currents to move right in Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere? a. Continental shelves b. mid ocean ridge c. Coriolis force d. Gyres

a

What direction do ocean currents flow along the equator because Coriolis force is zero? a. Flows from east to west b. Occurs along eastern coast of continents. c. The salinity of ocean water is low near the surface and increases with depth d. temperature and salinity

a

When an air parcels encounters a mountain range, the parcel is lifted and moves over the mountain range. Which of the following sequences is correct. Select one: a. Air parcel cools adiabatically, reaches dew point temperature, air parcel is saturated (RH=100%), condensation occurs, clouds form, and ultimately precipitation occurs. b. Clouds form, precipitation occurs, air parcel is saturated (RH=100%), reaches dew point temperature, condensation occurs, and air parcel cools adiabatically. c. Air parcel is saturated (RH=100%), condensation occurs, cools adiabatically, reaches dew point temperature, precipitation, and clouds form.

b

Where do cold salty waters descend from the surface to the deepest part of the ocean? a. Flows from east to west b. Labrador Sea and Greenland Sea c. The salinity of ocean water is low near the surface and increases with depth d. temperature and salinity

b

Which of the following is not true about upwelling? a. Flows from east to west b. Occurs along eastern coast of continents. c. The salinity of ocean water is low near the surface and increases with depth d. temperature and salinity

a

Which of the following parts of the hydrological cycle occur exclusively on land? Select one: a. Runoff, groundwater, and transpiration b. Advection of water vapor, evaporation, and groundwater c. Precipitation, cloud formation, and runoff d. Evaporation and precipitation

c

Which statement describes ocean water salinity at high latitudes? a. Flows from east to west b. Occurs along eastern coast of continents. c. The salinity of ocean water is low near the surface and increases with depth d. temperature and salinity

Fresno

Windward side, no precipitation

King's Canyon

Windward side, precipitation possible

Cirrus clouds

Wispy, feathered

4 grams 8 grams 53.3 1000 meters 10 degrees celsius 10 degrees celsius per 1000 meters 100

You have an air parcel at the Earth's surface (0 m) with a RH < 100% and a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The air parcel is saturated at 1000 meters. Match the following to the correct answer, use each only once. Use maximum specific humidity chart below to help you answer this problem. Specific humidity of air parcel at 2000 meters Specific humidity of air parcel at Earth's surface Relative humidity at the Earth's surface Lifting condensation level Dew point temperature Air parcel's adiabatic cooling rate Relative humidity at 2000 meters

bathypelagic zone

below 1000m... there is no light

cumulonimbus

cloud that extends high into the atmosphere and is capable of strong vertical development and severe weather, heavy rain.. associated with cold fronts and squall lines

nimbostratus

low, thick, rain clouds.. occurs with warm fronts

altostratus

middle, no halo clouds... sheeted higher clouds, mostly ice crystals, formed by lifting large mostly stable air mass

altocumulus

middle, puffy clouds

b

which statement is not true of most warm-wager, reef-building corals? a. they require high levels of light b. they are tolerant low salinity levels c. they are obligate mutualists with algae d. they require water that is between 18 and 30 degrees celsius

d

which two variables influence the flow of deep ocean currents? a. Flows from east to west b. Occurs along eastern coast of continents. c. The salinity of ocean water is low near the surface and increases with depth d. temperature and salinity

Mesopelagic zone

Below the photic zone where light is dim

Twilight zone

Below 200 m (650 ft)