Geog 2303 Final

Geography as a discipline links the _________________ with the _____________________.

physical sciences; social sciences

The expansion of railroads across North America in the nineteenth century facilitated the transfer of ___________________ from the West and ___________ from the East.

raw materials; manufactured goods

The economic core of North America is located in:

the Middle Atlantic states.

Exploration Central to the study of geography are the questions ________ and ________.

where; why

The Soviet Union broke up in:

1991

Close to ___ % of North American residents use the Internet regularly.

90

Agriculture now accounts for around _____ % of the US' GDP

A) 1.2

Only about ___ % of Europeans are engaged in full-time farming.

A) 2.3

What status does Haiti claim relative to the other countries in the Western Hemisphere?

A) It has the poorest population.

Which of the following distinctions is true about the French city of Marseilles? A) It is France's leading seaport. B) Its tourism-focused development strategy has failed. C) It anchors France's declining northern industrial region. D) It is the center of the largest grape-producing region in France.

A) It is France's leading seaport.

Which of the following statements is true about the Scandinavian countries? A) They embrace strong social welfare systems. B) They rely on the U.K. for energy resources. C) They have had to restrict fishing in the Mediterranean Sea due to overexploitation. D) They are the most densely occupied countries in Europe.

A) They embrace strong social welfare systems.

All of the following are nostalgic perceptions of the former Communist reign in Central Europe, except: A) a booming economy. B) stable jobs. C) a strong authoritarian government. D) free health care and education.

A) a booming economy.

Which is not required of countries looking to join the European Union? A) a primarily (at least 51 %) Christian population B) a democratically elected government C) a functioning market economy open to foreign investment D) guarantees of certain human rights and respect for minorities

A) a primarily (at least 51 %) Christian population

After World War II, suburban growth accelerated greatly in North America as a result of:

A) affordable automobiles.

Which of the following relationships is accounted for in the rate of natural increase? A) birth rates and death rates in a given population B) immigrants and emigrants to and from a given population C) death of infants per 1000 born D) newborn infants and migrants added to a population in a given year

A) birth rates and death rates in a given population

What has been a major source of income for rural, poor farmers in addition to funding the ongoing civil war in Colombia?

A) coca crops

Which of the following was most responsible for creating the debt crisis in Venezuela? A) declining oil prices B) corruption among tax collectors C) plunging banana prices D) international trade embargo

A) declining oil prices

The development of food production has undergone a series of changes, starting with hunting and gathering; moving through labor-intensive, small-scale agriculture; and moving on to ________________________________________ and organic farming in the present day.

A) large-scale commercial agriculture

Which of the following is not a distinguishing general characteristic of the American South subregion of North America? A) liberal politics B) Baptist churches C) gun ownership D) stock car racing

A) liberal politics

Which of the following represents the defining feat of Europe's Industrial Revolution? A) mechanization of production B) unionization of labor C) colonization of Africa D) collectivization of agriculture

A) mechanization of production

All of the following crops were brought to the Americas by European conquerors EXCEPT for: A) potato. B) onions. C) wheat. D) bananas.

A) potato.

Which of the following refers to the relationship between the distances shown on the map and the actual distances on Earth's surface? A) scale B) spatial analysis C) cartography D) regional geography

A) scale

Which country is not a part of Great Britain? A) the Republic of Ireland B) Scotland C) Wales D) England

A) the Republic of Ireland

Post-Communist reforms in many Central European countries, particularly Romania and Bulgaria, has been hampered by: A) the persistence of corruption and organized crime. B) the lack of an educated workforce. C) the lack of capital for the purchase of state-owned enterprises. D) their linguistic and religious diversity.

A) the persistence of corruption and organized crime.

Central North America is ____________ in the eastern and southern parts, and ___________ in the northern and western parts.

A) wettest; driest

The only country in the Southern Cone of South America with a predominantly mestizo population is:

Argentina

Kosovars are also known as:

B) Albanians.

Which of the following is true regarding the Panama Canal? A) The US returned the canal to Panama in 1944. B) Due largely to changing shipping technologies, the canal recently underwent major renovations. C) The canal was closed in 1994. D) The canal has greatly diminished the wealth of Panama.

B) Due largely to changing shipping technologies, the canal recently underwent major renovations.

Which of the following statements describes one impact of colonization on the global pattern of languages? A) The diversity of languages spoken in the Americas increased. B) European languages replaced many local languages. C) Bilingual and multilingual speakers in Africa decreased. D) Asian languages replaced indigenous languages in parts of Europe.

B) European languages replaced many local languages.

Estonia's strongest cultural links are to:

B) Finland.

All of the following countries are independent EXCEPT: A) Barbados. B) French Guiana. C) Guyana. D) Suriname.

B) French Guiana.

The first civilizations in Europe were found in:

B) Greece and Rome.

Suppose that a country's population pyramid is truly pyramid shaped, with a wide band at the bottom and a much narrower band at the top. What is the best description of the population of this country? A) There are many more women than men in the country. B) There are many more very young people than very old people in the country. C) The country's total fertility rate is probably about 1.5. D) The country is experiencing a low rate of migration.

B) There are many more very young people than very old people in the country.

Which of the following is among the core ideas of the EU? A) strengthen boundaries to increase productivity rates independently within member countries B) achieve economic and social integration C) increase tariffs on European goods to generate funds for the welfare system D) build power among European states to combat communism

B) achieve economic and social integration

Which of the following has aided in improving Ireland's economy? A) reduced cost of living B) attraction of foreign manufacturing companies C) increased taxes for large companies D) the admission of Hungary to the EU

B) attraction of foreign manufacturing companies

Which of the following events did the exodus of people in 1961 from East Germany trigger? A) occupation of East Germany by Soviet troops B) construction of the Berlin Wall C) unification of East and West Germany D) creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

B) construction of the Berlin Wall

What action did the Spanish colonial government take in response to the widespread death of Native Americans due to disease, malnutrition, and inhumane treatment?

B) imported slaves from Africa to take the place of the dead

What term refers to people of mixed European, African, and indigenous descent in Middle and South America?

B) mestizos

The passage of NAFTA has had which of the following effects? A) considerable decline in trade between the US and Canada B) reduction and removal of tariffs between Mexico, the US, and Canada C) rising corruption in Canada due to US and Mexican firms who have relocated there D) sharp decline in the flow of Mexican migrants into North America

B) reduction and removal of tariffs between Mexico, the US, and Canada

According to the text, which of the following represents an asymmetry between the US and Canada? A) ethnic diversity B) size of economy C) size of territory D) political traditions

B) size of economy

Which of the following political situations is not part of Greece's history? A) Greek monarchy B) socialist state C) occupation by other countries, including Italy and Germany D) military coup-established dictatorship

B) socialist state

Which of the following is NOT a primate city? A) Brasilia B) Buenos Aires C) Managua D) Mexico City

Brasilia

Assume you were born in 1955. Geographers would classify you as:

C) Baby boomer.

Which of the following European states was never a Soviet republic? A) Latvia B) Estonia C) Finland D) Lithuania

C) Finland

The event that led to the first major inclusion of common people in Europe's political process was the:

C) French Revolution.

Which of the following is true concerning the conflict over Northern Ireland? A) The Irish Republican Army supports British control of the province. B) Voters in the Republic of Ireland rejected the peace accord reached in 1998. C) Historically, Protestants have possessed political control in Northern Ireland. D) Unlike the Catholics, Protestant groups have not pursued campaigns of violence.

C) Historically, Protestants have possessed political control in Northern Ireland.

Which of the following conveys the major regional difference within Italy? A) Continental Italy is poor, whereas its islands are wealthy. B) Southern Italy is industrial, whereas the north is agricultural. C) Northern Italy is wealthy, whereas the south is poor and stagnant. D) Italy's islands are industrial, whereas the continent is agricultural.

C) Northern Italy is wealthy, whereas the south is poor and stagnant.

Which of the following religions is dominant in Middle and South America? A) Anglicanism B) Protestantism C) Roman Catholicism D) Mormonism

C) Roman Catholicism

Which of the following statements best summarizes the story of how humans first came into North America? A) Viking explorers came across the North Atlantic Ocean in small sailing vessels. B) Peoples from the ancient Mayan and Incan civilizations traveled on horse from what is now Mexico. C) Small bands of hunters came from eastern northeastern Asia by crossing the Bering land bridge. D) Many of Columbus's first crew remained and established permanent settlements.

C) Small bands of hunters came from eastern northeastern Asia by crossing the Bering land bridge.

Most of Europe's remaining forests are found in: A) Germany and Switzerland. B) Austria and Hungary. C) Sweden and Finland. D) Denmark and Lichtenstein.

C) Sweden and Finland.

Which of the following countries are not part of the European Union? A) France and Germany B) Italy and Iceland C) Switzerland and Norway D) Finland and Belgium

C) Switzerland and Norway

Which of the following statements is true of Paris and London? A) Although well known, they are relatively small with populations under 1 million each. B) They are unimportant on the global scale. C) They are world cities of cultural and economic significance. D) They have been of global importance since Roman times.

C) They are world cities of cultural and economic significance.

Which of the following is a true of maquiladoras in Mexico? A) The maquiladora phenomenon is growing dramatically. B) They are located primarily in the highlands of Mexico. C) They provide an inexpensive labor pool within easy reach of U.S. markets. D) They suffer from Mexico's strict regulations on worker safety, fringe benefits, and environmental protection.

C) They provide an inexpensive labor pool within easy reach of U.S. markets.

The largest concentration of Canadians is located in what part of Canada?

C) U.S. border of southeastern Canada

Which of the following typically occurs with the shift from a subsistence to cash economy? A) Education becomes less important to one's income-earning potential. B) Birth rates increase because parents can support more children. C) Young children become an economic drain on the family. D) Children are increasingly depended on to provide care for the elderly.

C) Young children become an economic drain on the family.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the green revolution? A) genetically engineered seeds B) large, sophisticated farming machinery C) an emphasis on organic farming D) large tracts of land

C) an emphasis on organic farming

In Europe, acceptance of immigrants tends to rise with:

C) economic stability and income.

The workers in today's meatpacking industry in North America are mostly:

C) immigrants from Central America and Asia.

Fracking is an environmentally destructive form of ______ extraction.

C) oil

The leading cause of death among girls between the ages of 15 -19 worldwide is:

C) pregnancy

What is the major economic sector in the Southern Cone?

C) services

Which is not a major supplier of crude oil and natural gas to Europe? A) Norway B) Russia C) the US D) the Middle East

C) the US

Middle and South America: The world's driest desert is located in:

Chile

The alphabet used in most of the countries of the Russian region is:

Cyrillic

Which of the following is true regarding the high-tech industry today? A) It generally depends on a pool of low-skilled labor. B) It has led to the increased economic development of previously rural areas. C) It is considered part of the manufacturing/industrial economic sector. D) Businesses are often located near major universities or research institutions.

D) Businesses are often located near major universities or research institutions.

Central America's highest literacy rate is found in:

D) Costa Rica.

The world's most popular tourist destination is:

D) Europe.

What is the problem with shifting cultivation?

D) If the plots are reused before regrowth is complete, yields decrease drastically.

Which statement describes the Schengen Agreement? A) It provided agricultural subsidies to European farmers. B) It established EU peacekeeping operations in Afghanistan. C) It encouraged the importation of foreign foods into Europe. D) It allowed free movement of people and goods among the nations of the European Union.

D) It allowed free movement of people and goods among the nations of the European Union.

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the Netherlands? A) It never established colonies in the tropics, as did its European neighbors. B) It has rejected the idea of the EU and today is not a member. C) It shuns any engagement in international trade. D) Its landscape is almost entirely modified by humans.

D) Its landscape is almost entirely modified by humans.

The predominant religion of Lithuania is:

D) Lutheranism.

What region of North America supplies most of the construction lumber and much of the paper used in the US and Canada?

D) Pacific Northwest

Following the abolition of slavery in the Guianas, indentured servants were brought in from:

D) South and Southeast Asia.

The Moscow landmark that commemorates the defeat of the Mongols is:

D) St. Basil's Cathedral.

Which of the following describes the tourism industry in South Europe? A) Tourism profits declined in the 1990s due to environmental disaster in the Mediterranean Sea. B) Tourism mainly benefits the citizens of rural, isolated European villages. C) Tourism is strictly regulated in South Europe due to its negative impact on coastal environments and rural culture. D) Tourism is important to the economy of South Europe, especially benefiting scenic coastal and island citizens.

D) Tourism is important to the economy of South Europe, especially benefiting scenic coastal and island citizens.

Which of the following is not an extractive resource? A) mineral ores B) timber C) plants D) automobiles

D) automobiles

For what purpose were the waters of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers, both of which supply the Aral Sea, diverted? A) hydropower production B) nuclear reactor cooling C) textile manufacturing D) farmland irrigation

D) farmland irrigation

Sufficient production of what type of energy allows Norway to export its oil and gas to the EU? A) solar power B) wind power C) coal and oil shale D) hydropower

D) hydropower

All of the following have been concerns regarding Turkey's possible membership in the European Union, except: A) issues regarding separation of religion and government. B) human rights violations. C) strained relations with Cyprus. D) its physical location (partially in Europe, partially in Asia).

D) its physical location (partially in Europe, partially in Asia)

North America: Which of the following impact the climate variability found in North America? A) population growth in South America B) outsourcing of production operations C) tectonic plate activity D) landforms on the continent that influence the movement of air masses

D) landforms on the continent that influence the movement of air masses

Which of the following is not among the primary economic growth strategies adopted by governments of Central Europe? A) encouragement of foreign investment B) movement toward democracy C) refurbishment of historic buildings to boost tourism D) nationalization of small, private producers

D) nationalization of small, private producers

What was the major cause of Cuba's economic decline that began in 1991?

D) the dissolution of the Soviet Union

In the continental interior, over half of the land is owned by:

D) the federal government.

Which of the following was a principal factor in the location of Brasília? A) to take advantage of a natural deep water harbor B) to accommodate the growth of government bureaucracy C) to provide indigenous peoples access to the government D) to encourage development of the Amazon Basin

D) to encourage development of the Amazon Basin

. Several African countries are experiencing sharply lowered life expectancies due to:

HIV/AIDS.

Following the world wars, Europe was reconstructed partially with the assistance of the US under the: A) Monroe Doctrine. B) Marshall Plan. C) Taft Act. D) Treaty of Versailles.

Marshall Plan.

Suppose that Country A has a TFR of 4.5 and Country B has a TFR of 1.3. Which statement best summarizes the population trend in these countries? A) There is a higher birth rate in Country B than in Country A. B) More people are migrating from Country A than from Country B. C) The rate of natural increase in Country A is higher than in Country B. D) More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.

More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.

RUSSIA AND POST-SOVIET STATE The world's largest country in area is:

Russia

Why have some cities in the Old Economic Core continued to thrive even as others have seen their economies collapse?

They have strong service economies that allowed them to stay connected to regional and global economies.

The world's worst nuclear disaster took place in:

Ukraine

European settlement of eastern Northern America began with colonies in areas today known as:

Virginia and Florida.

_______________ refers to short-term changes in temperature and other factors, while ________________ is a long-term balance of temperature and precipitation.

Weather; climate

A likely result of polar ice caps melting is:

a higher sea level.

Which of the following is an example of a transaction taking place in the informal economy? A) a company paying a payroll tax for each employee B) a government agency offering a contract to the lowest bidder C) a housekeeper who is paid in cash and does not report her income D) a small U.S. company outsourcing tech support work to a company in India

a housekeeper who is paid in cash and does not report her income

Developing nations are usually characterized by __________________ economies, while developed nations are usually characterized by the presence of ______________________ industries.

agricultural; service

Europe: What climate type dominates central Europe and northern Scandinavia, and consists of hot summers and long, cold winters?

continental

The mission of the World Trade Organization is to:

establish ground rules for international trade and lower trade barriers.

It is likely that Bolivia has half the world's supply of:

lithium

In some of the countries of Central Europe, the population is aging and declining due to:

low birth and death rates.

A disadvantage of using GDP per capita as a measure of economic development is the fact that GDP per capita:

may hide intense disparities in income.