GEOG ch 2 questions

57. Which ranges for incoming light and UV radiation would be absorbed and scattered the most? A. 0.2-0.3 microns B. 0.3-0.4 microns C. 0.4-0.5 microns D. 0.5-0.7 microns

A. 0.2-0.3 microns

48. Ozone consists of _______ molecules of oxygen, is found primarily in the ______ and protects us from ______. A. 3, stratosphere; ultraviolet rays B. 2; troposphere; cosmic rays C. 2; stratosphere; x rays and gamma rays D. 2; troposphere; meteors

A. 3, stratosphere, ultraviolet rays

52. The atmosphere is mainly transparent to this form of ultraviolet radiation? A. A - UV-a B. B - UV-b C. C - UV-c D. The atmosphere is equally transparent to UV-a, UV-b, and UV-c radiation.

A. A - UV-a

17. Which of the following is true regarding phase changes? A. Energy is released when going from higher to lower energy state B. Energy is required to go from a higher to lower energy state C. All phase changes involve the release of energy D. All phase changes require energy

A. Energy is released when going from higher to lower energy state

7. Getting the bottom of your feet burned when walking on hot beach sand is due to A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. advection

A. conduction

28. The solar constant is A. consistent amount of energy received at the top of the atmosphere B. the same for a sphere or for a circle C. only about a quarter of all energy emitted by the sun D. the same value for all planets, even Neptune.

A. consistent amount of energy received at the top of the atmosphere

19. Electromagnetic Radiation. A. is composed of interacting electrical and magnetic fields B. is visible in all its forms C. radiates out in confined planes or straight lines D. is composed entirely of waves

A. is composed of interacting electrical magnetic fields

12. The mercury thermometer operates on the principle of A. liquid expansion and contraction B. energy emission from a surface C. thermoelectric principles

A. liquid expansion and contraction

68. Land heats and cools more rapidly than the ocean because of its A. lower specific heat when compared to the ocean B. ability for land to retain heat better than the ocean C. strong mixing through soil horizons on land D. great potential for latent heat on land through evaporation

A. lower specific heat when compared to the ocean

13. Which of the following involves energy storage in the water molecule in the form of latent heat? A. melting, evaporation, sublimation B. freezing, condensation, deposition C. melting, freezing, condensation, deposition D. condensation, evaporation, deposition, sublimation

A. melting, evaporation, sublimation

44. The most common component of the atmosphere is A. nitrogen B. carbon dioxide C. particulates D. aerosols

A. nitrogen

24. An object emits a range of electromagnetic energy wave lengths because A. not all molecules vibrate at the same speed B. relativity theory states that objects attain varying terminal velocities C. lowest and highest vibration rates are cancelled D. all molecules vibrate at the same rate.

A. not all molecules vibrate at the same speed

40. During the June solstice, the circle of illumination completely shades out. A. points south of the Antarctic Circle but completely illuminates points north of the Arctic Circle B. points north of the Arctic Circle but completely illuminates points south of the Antarctic Circle C. points south of the Arctic Circle but completely illuminates points north of the Antarctic Circle D. points north of the Antarctic Circle but completely illuminates points south of the Arctic Circle

A. points south of the Antarctic Circle but completely illuminates points north of the Arctic Circle

26. Which color portion of the visible spectrum emits the lowest amount of energy? A. red B. yellow C. green D. blue

A. red

60. In regard to the shortwave energy entering the earth's atmosphere, most is A. used to heat either the atmosphere or the ground surface B. lost into space by scattering and reflection C. used for sensible heat flux D. used for latent heat flux

A. used to heat either the atmosphere or the ground surface

25. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between molecular motion, wavelength, and temperature? A. as temperature decreases, molecular motion increases, wavelength increases B. as temperature increases, molecular motion increases, wavelength decreases C. as temperature decreases, molecular motion decreases, wavelength decreases D. as temperature increases, molecular motion decreases, wavelength decreases

B. as temperature increases, molecular motion increases, wavelength decreases

8. When making macaroni and cheese you notice the noodles rising and falling in the boiling water. This is best explained through the process of A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. advection

B. convection

14. Which of the following involves the release of latent heat back into the environment? A. evaporation B. deposition C. melting D. sublimation

B. deposition

18. All of the following will warm the local environment EXCEPT. A. deposition B. evaporation C. freezing D. condensation

B. evaporation

20. The speed with which an electromagnetic wave travels is its A. plane of magnetic component B. frequency C. wavelength D. amplitude

B. frequency

56. All of the following is true regarding shortwave radiation that reaches the earth's surface EXCEPT. A. the earth's atmosphere can be heated by latent heat released through condensation, freezing, and deposition B. heating of the atmosphere by insolation is more effective than heating of the atmosphere by land and water C. some shortwave radiation is converted absorbed by ozone molecules in the stratosphere and converted to sensible heat D. shortwave radiation is absorbed by the surface and then radiated as longwave radiation where it can later be directed downward by counterradiation

B. heating of the atmosphere by insolation is more effective than heating of the atmosphere by land and water

29. North America is closest to the sun, during A. perihelion, which occurs in early July. B. perihelion, which occurs in early January C. aphelion, which occurs in early July D. aphelion, which occurs in early January

B. perihelion, which occurs in early January

45. Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for the sky's blue color? A. absorption B. scattering C. reflection D. filtering

B. scattering

49. Ozone can be created by all of the following processes EXCEPT A. sunlight acting on hydrocarbons B. scattering by UVB and UVC radiation C. lightning during thunderstorms D. UV-C radiation in stratosphere.

B. scattering by UVB and UVC radiation

61. All of the following is true regarding the earth's radiation balance EXCEPT A. the sun heats the earth's surface more than it does the atmosphere B. sensible heat flux is the predominant process for the loss of outgoing longwave radiation C. almost half the energy received by the earth's surface is returned to the atmosphere through latent heat flux D. sensible and latent heat flux together carry most of the energy stored at the surface into the atmosphere

B. sensible heat flux is the predominant process for the loss of outgoing longwave radiation

41. On equinox A. points north of the Arctic Circle receive 24 hrs of daylight B. tilt is neither inclined toward or away from the sun C. points south of the Antarctic receive 24 hrs of daylight D. points north of the Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle receive 24 hrs of darkness

B. tilt is neither inclined toward or away from the sun

23. Compare the amount of energy emitted as a function of temperature (K). The amount of energy emitted from 200 to 600 K is ______ while the amount of energy emitted from 600 to 1000 K is _____. A. 0 w/m2;650 w/m2 B. 73 w/m2; 727 w/m2 C. 100 w/m2; 550 w/m2 D. 200 w/m2; 600 w/m2

C. 100 w/m2; 550 w/m2

54. Approximately percentage of insolation arriving at the top of the atmosphere is eventually absorbed by the ground? A. 20% B. 40% C. 50% D. 70%

C. 50%

59. The most important greenhouse gas for retaining a variety of outgoing longwave radiation is A. CH4 B. N2O C. H2O D. CO2

C. H2O

21. The height of an electromagnetic wave it its A. plane of electrical component B. frequency C. amplitude D. wavelength.

C. amplitude

30. North America is farthest from the sun during A. perihelion, which occurs in early July B. perihelion, which occurs in early January C. aphelion, which occurs in early July D. aphelion, which occurs in early January

C. aphelion, which occurs in early July

42. During December solstice the A. entire area poleward of the Antarctic Circle remains out of sunlight B. entire area poleward of the Tropic of Capricorn remains out of sunlight C. entire area poleward of the Arctic Circle remains out of sunlight D. entire area poleward of the Tropic of Cancer remains out of sunlight

C. entire area poleward of the Tropic of Cancer remains out of sunlight

15. All of the following involve the input of energy EXCEPT: A. melting B. evaporation C. freezing D. sublimation

C. freezing

34. As the zenith angle _____ the amount of energy reaching the surface _____ A. increases, increases B. decreases, decreases C. increases, decreases D. increases or decreases, remains constant

C. increases, decreases

32. As one approaches the equator, the angle of incidence ____ and the atmosphere attenuation ______ A. increases; increases B. decreases; decreases C. increases; decreases D. decreases; increases

C. increases; decreases

50. Ozone A. is formed mainly in the troposphere where it diffuses to the stratosphere B. is only formed through natural processes C. is destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons D. is only destroyed through natural processes

C. is destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons

62. The earth's radiation balance involves A. conduction and convection emitting energy directly into space B. most energy emitted directly into space with no interaction with the atmosphere C. most energy leaving the earth in the form of longwave radiation D. energy being radiated only upward into space

C. most energy leaving the earth in the form of longwave radiation

1. The most common gas in the atmosphere is A. oxygen (O2) B. carbon dioxide (CO2) C. nitrogen (N2) D. methane (CH4)

C. nitrogen (N2)

70. Oceans heat and cool more slowly than land because of A. oceans' lack of transparency dampen temperature changes B. great amounts of latent heat available to directly warm ocean water C. oceans' high specific heat dampen temperature changes D. lack of mixing through the water column

C. oceans' high specific heat dampen temperature changes

66. All of the following is true in regard to the earth's radiation balance EXCEPT A. at around 35, incoming insolation is roughly balanced with outgoing longwave radiation B. poleward of 35 regions emit more outgoing longwave radiation than they receive as insolation C. outgoing longwave radiation increases poleward in regular increments, peaking at the poles D. equator, tropics, and subtropics receive more insolation than what they emit as outgoing longwave radiation

C. outgoing longwave radiation increases poleward in regular increments, peaking at the poles

55. Which of the following correctly tallies the earth's shortwave-radiation balance? A. planetary albedo - 4%, atmospheric absorption - 31%, surface absorption - 65% B. planetary albedo - 10 %, atmospheric absorption - 20%, surface absorption - 70% C. planetary albedo - 31%, atmospheric absorption - 20%, surface absorption - 49% D. planetary albedo - 70%, atmospheric absorption - 20%, surface absorption - 10%

C. planetary albedo - 31%, atmospheric absorption - 20%, surface absorption - 49%

46. Which 2 layers of the atmosphere experience temperature inversion? A. troposphere and stratosphere B. stratosphere and mesosphere C. thermosphere and stratosphere D. thermosphere and mesosphere

C. thermosphere and stratosphere

63. Without greenhouse gases, earth's temperature would be A. 68C B. 15C C. 0C D. -18C

D. -18C

11. Which of the following temperature combinations are correct for the freezing point of water, room temperature, and the boiling point of water? A. 32, 77 273 B. 0, 77 373 C. 32, 298 373 D. 273, 298, 373

D. 273, 298, 373

39. On June 21st which location will be receiving 24 hrs of daylight? A. Antarctic Circle B. Tropic of Cancer C. Tropic of Capricorn D. Arctic Circle

D. Arctic Circle

10. The only temperature scale that relates changes in internal energy to the absolute amount of heat gained or lost by a system is the A. Fahrenheit scale B. Celsius scale C. Centigrade scale D. Kelvin scale

D. Kelvin scale

31. All of the following are true regarding sunspot activity EXCEPT A. Solar flares are more common with maximum sunspot activity. B. The Little Ice Age occurred when there was a minimum of sunspot activity C. There is, on average, an 11 year cycle for sunspot cycles D. More sunspot activity means less overall energy emitted from the sun.

D. More sunspot activity means less overall energy emitted from the sun

9. The surface temperatures of a metal plate, piece of wood, and piece of plastic were measured with an infrared thermometer. Air line above 20C. Which object's surface recorded the lowest temperature? A. metal plate B. wood C. plastic D. all measured the same

D. all measured the same

27. Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation are arranged in the proper decreasing order of energy? A. an infrared, xrays, AM radio B. microwaves, ultraviolet, green light C. radio waves, gamma rays, ultraviolet D. blue light, infrared, AM radio

D. blue light, infrared, AM radio

5. Potential energy would best be expressed when A. pulling or pushing an object B. atoms moving at 200 km/hr C. atoms moving at 500 km/hr D. changing a liquid to a gas

D. changing a liquid to a gas

33. As one approaches the poles, the angle of incidence ______ and atmosphere attenuation ________ A. increases; increases B. decreases; decreases C. increases; decreases D. decreases; increases

D. decreases; increases

71. Land heats and cools more rapidly than oceans because of A. land's great transparency encourages temperature changes B. abundance of latent heat available to directly warm land C. land's high specific heat encourages temperature changes D. lack of mixing in soil or rock layers

D. lack of mixing in soil or rock layers

35. Polar regions receive A. minimum variation in solar isolation and low zenith angles B. maximum variation in solar isolation and low zenith angles C. minimal variation in solar isolation and high zenith angles D. maximum variation in solar isolation and high zenith angles

D. maximum variation in solar isolation and high zenith angles

51. Ozone thinning is A. greatest in the Northern Hemisphere in October B. greatest in the Southern Hemisphere in April C. evenly distributed for most of the year D. more pronounced in Antarctica than the Arctic

D. more pronounced in Antarctica than the Artic

43. On what day does the sun have its lowest zenith angle and sets/rises farthest north? A. winter solstice B. spring equinox C. fall equinox D. summer equinox

D. summer quinox

47. The _______ experiences a temperature _____ primarily due to the absorption of ______. A. troposphere; decrease; ultraviolet rays B. ozone; increase; gamma rays and x rays C. stratosphere; decrease; ultraviolet rays D. thermosphere; increase; gamma rays and x rays

D. thermosphere; increase; gamma rays and x rays

2. What atmospheric layer is the home of weather, has the greatest density of gas molecules, and has a decrease in temperature with height? A. thermosphere B. mesosphere C. stratosphere D. troposphere

D. troposphere

22. Electromagnetic radiation is generated from all of the following EXCEPT A. the joining together of protons and neutrons through fusion B. molecules' electrons and bonds that vibrate C. changes in the energy level of the electron D. unconfined waves that radiate out in all directions

D. unconfined waves that radiate out in all directions

58. Most energy entering the earth's atmosphere is between ____ and _____ microns while most of the thermal infrared energy emitted from the earth is between ____ and _____ microns A. 20 and 40; 40 and 60 B. 8 and 13; 20 and 40 C. 0.1 and 0.4; 8 and 13 D. 0.4 and 0.7; 8 and 20

D> 0.4 and 0.7; 8 and 20