GEOG102: Ch. 11 (Austral)

The largest urban area in NZ is centered on the city of __________.

Auckland

The capital of Australia is __________.

Canberra

The city that centers the Australian Capital Territory is __________.

Canberra

The chief farming region of NZ's South Island is the __________ Plain.

Canterbury

Australia's top customer for its goods is __________.

China

The northernmost large city of AU is __________.

Darwin (Northern Territory)

AU's newest neighbor, which successfully seceded from ID and became independent in 2002, is __________.

East Timor

The Tropic of Capricorn virtually divides Australia into North and South. (T/F)

FIND OUT

Australia currently does not permit the immigration of people who do not have EU ancestry. (T/F)

False

Australia's plants and animals are closely related to those of Africa. (T/F)

False

Biogeography is subdivided into the fields of climatology and geomorphology. (T/F)

False

The Subtropical Convergence marks the northern limits of the Southern Ocean. (T/F)

False

The proportion of AU's population living in urban areas is presently about half that found in Western EU. (T/F)

False

Today, 1/4 of AU's population is foreign-born. (T/F)

False (1/3 of AU's population are of British or Irish origin)

Sydney, AU's modern capital, overcame competition from Melbourne and was selected to be the capital city. (T/F)

False (Canberra is the capital city of AU)

Whereas AU's population exhibits a strongly peripheral pattern of distribution, NZ's population is much more evenly dispersed. (T/F)

False (both have strongly peripheral developments)

In contrast to AU, NZ's economy is mainly industrial. (T/F)

False (both share a sizeable pastoral economy)

NZ is located about 1000mi northeast of AU. (T/F)

False (its 1500mi SOUTHEAST of AU)

The Southern Alps are located on NZ's North Island. (T/F)

False (they're on the South Island)

Which nation does not rank among the five leading trading partners of AU? a) China b) South Korea c) India d) United States e) Japan

India

AU has a long-term relationship with PNG to assist that country's development. (T/F)

True

AU's Aboriginal population totals about 2% of its total population. (T/F)

True

AU's successful mixed horticulture cultivation is dependent on irrigation. (T/F)

True

AU, like the US, experienced a gold rush. (T/F)

True

Australia is a federal political unit consisting of 6 states and two federal territories. (T/F)

True

Broken Hill and Mount Isa are both mineral-rich mining complexes of AU. (T/F)

True

Given its minimal production of manufactured goods, NZ's principal exports are agricultural products. (T/F)

True

If no European had settled in NZ, it would still be part of the Pacific Realm. (T/F)

True

Maori is an official language of NZ. (T/F)

True

Sugar cane is grown in subtropical coastal lowland areas of Queensland. (T/F)

True

Sydney, AU's largest metropolis, contains more than 1/5 of the country's entire population. (T/F)

True

The Austral Realm is the only one that lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere. (T/F)

True

The Great Barrier Reef is located in the Coral Sea. (T/F)

True

The historic 1840 agreement between the Maori and Europeans in NZ is known as the Treaty of __________.

Waitangi

The governmental structure of Australia is that of a(n) __________. a) federal state b) unitary state c) British colony d) monarchy e) indigenous society

a

Which of the following statements about the physical environment of the Austral Realm is INCORRECT? a) NZ has earthquakes and volcanoes; AU has only volcanoes. b) AU's rocks are older than those of NZ. c) AU's highest mountains are the Great Dividing Range, while NZ has a spine of much higher mountains called the Southern Alps. d) NZ has a moderate, moist climate, whereas AU's climates vary from tropical to Mediterranean to desert. e) NZ has a highland interior, whereas AU's interior exhibits mainly low relief.

a

Federation

a country adhering to a political wherein a central government represents various subnational entities within a nation state where they have common interests yet allows them to retain their own identities and have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres

APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)

a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region

Centralized or Unitary State

a nation-state that has centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state

El Nino

a periodic, abnormal warming of the sea surface in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean; disturbs weather patterns across much of the world, especially in northwestern and northeastern SA

The agricultural activity most closely associated with AU's moistest environment is __________. a) growing sugar cane b) sheep raising c) wheat farming d) mixed horticulture e) growing grapes for wine

b

Most of the core area of AU is located in the __________. a) NW b) NE c) SW d) SE e) Outback

d

Which of the following is NOT one of AU's major problems? a) aboriginal land claims b) environmental degradation c) immigration issues d) land border disputes e) urban issues

d

The animals found in AU who carry their young in pouches are collectively known as __________.

marsupials

Subtropical Convergence

narrow marine transition zone girdling globe at 40°S, that marks the equator-ward limit of the Southern Ocean and pole-ward limits of Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans to the north

Southern Ocean

ocean that surrounds Antarctica

Desalinization

process of removing dissolved salts from water, thereby producing fresh drinking water from seawater of brackish water

Environmental Degradation

the accumulated human abuse of a region's natural landscape that involve air and water pollution, threats to plant and animal ecosystems, misuse of natural resources, and generally upsetting the balance between people and their habitat

__________ is the study of fauna in spatial perspective.

zoogeography

NZ is approximately __________ miles from the southeast coast of Australia.

1500 miles

Approximately _____% of AUs live in cities or towns.

89%

NZ's largest ethnic minority group, whose roots are Polynesian, call themselves the __________.

Maori

Which of the following cities is located nearest to the AU capital of Canberra? a) Perth b) Melbourne c) Auckland d) Adelaide e) Brisbane

Melbourne (CHECK)

The vast interior rural heart of AU is known as the __________.

Outback

The term Austral means __________.

South

What body of water can be found near 40°S latitude?

Southern Ocean

Peripheral Development

Spatial pattern in which a country's or region's development (and population) is most heavily concentrated along its outer edges rather than in its interior

The northern boundary of the Southern Ocean is called the __________ Convergence.

Subtropical

What city is closest to Australia's largest mountain range?

Sydney

The island lying across the Bass Strait off the southeastern coast of Australia is named __________.

Tasmania

Indigenous Australians are known as __________?

aboriginals

Primary Sector

all activities involved in the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment (mining, fishing, lumbering, agriculture)

Which of the following is true? a) NZ lies less than 1000mi from AU. b) Whereas much of interior AU is desert, most of interior NZ is mountainous. c) The capital of NZ is Auckland. d) NZ consists mainly of three large islands. e) Most of NZ's population lives in the interior of the North Island.

b

Wallace's Line

boundary that separates the animals of AU and NG from the animals of ID

The environmental crisis that most severely threatens economic activity in the Murray-Darling River Basin is __________.

drought