Geography Midterm

Where are the natives most settled in Canada?

Nunavut

What are the three most popular cities to immigrate to in Canada?

Ontario, B.C and Alberta

What three provinces can form separate geographic regions and why?

Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia have the geographic size, economic important, and population size to form separate geographic regions

What is the golden horseshoe?

Oshawa to St.Kits

The concept of place is based on living, working, and sharing together in a common space and that experience leads to the formation of...

Regional identity and consciousness Regional Identity: Person's association with a place or region and their sense of belonging to a collectively

What are the three R's?

Remuneration: jobs that you make money that you get a wage (taxed) Regulation: minimum wage Recognition: activities that physically exist

What are the three tiers (levels) of urban system in Canada?

Smallest: Urban Area (UA)= 1000 to 10,000 residence- needs to meet this criteria to be an urban area Middle size: Census Agglomoration (CA)= 10,000-100,000 Largest tier: Census Metropolitan Area (CMA)=100,000 and up

Important: What are four phases in the demographic transition theory? Also seen in figure 4.8. I feel like this will be a question

Stage 1: Pre-Industrial (High-Stationary): situation where there is population stability. This stability is maintained through high birth rates and high death rates. In the early stage, it is the death rate that fluctuates. A country is based off the land. This is rural. Stage 2 & 3: when the country is urbanizing. Stage 2 is early industrial and stage 3 is late industrial. Population growth is happening in the second stage that is occurring through a high birth rate and a low death rate. Third stage is when birth rate falls and death rate lowers. Stage 4: Post-Industrial: population isn't increasing, it is in neutral. Canada has already entered the last stage. We don't have the year but we have an estimate of the 1980s.

What is the Frontenac Axis?

The Frontenac Axis can be thought of as a ridge connecting the extensive area of the Canadian Shield to the north and the Adirondack mountains to the south. On the Rideau, the southern irregular boundary of the Frontenac Axis is near Kingston Mills and the northern irregular boundary is on the northern reaches of Big Rideau Lake. The Frontenac Axis is made up of rocks formed 1.35 to 1.06 billion years ago (Precambrian: middle to late Proterozoic age) and then deformed and metamorphosed 900 million years ago. The rock types that you'll be able to see as you travel through the Frontenac Axis include granite, syenite, monzonite, migmatite, gabbro, quartzite, marble, gneiss and pegmatite. Many of the lakes are underlain by marble (crystalline limestone) which provides some buffering against acid rain.

Describe the Hudson's Bay Lowland

The Hudson's Bay Lowland is 3.4 percent of the area of Canada. Most is beneath the water. Composed of sedimentary rock, and can be traced back to the palezoic era. The area is flat with coastal plains. It has Muskeg, which is a type of peat, is the dominate ground cover, beneath which lies permafrost

What is a terrace?

The Sandy Clay surface materials are a mixture of recently deposited sea, river or glacial materials. This sub-region's soils are fertile, which when combines with a long growing season, allows agricultural activities to flourish. When I looked it up it looked like grass stairs

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Weather: atmospheric conditions over an area, over a short period of time. What is happening right now. Climate: average atmospheric conditions, over an area, over a long period of time. A long period of time is 30 years.

What are three types of vegetations?

What we see today is a product of global warming 1. Forests: Forests that are made up of coniferous trees or deciduous trees 2. Grass Lands 3. Xerophytic Plants (found in cold deserts, example lichen and moss and very low bushes)- prickly bushes We can take these three and discover there are 10 types of vegetation's in Canada

Define Placelessness

When you don't make an attachment to a place. The landscape has no distinguishing features like strip malls and theme parks.

Overall what can we say about the Canadian Shield and why do we call it the shield?

Overall we can describe the Canadian Shield as being rocky and rigid and hilly. We call it the shield because the land curves like one

What is Lake Agassiz and glacial spillways?

Lake Agassiz is the largest glacial lake in North America Glacial Spillways are deep and wide valleys formed by the flow of massive amounts of water originating from a melting ice sheet or from water escaping from glacial lakes

Describe the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands

Less than two percent of Canada. Made up of sedimentary rock that go back to the palezoic era. What separates the great lakes form the St. Lawrence lowlands is the Frontenac Axis. The landscape is flat to rolling

What is the list from largest to smallest urban sizes?

CMA: 27 in Canada CA UA: 750 in Canada Town Villages Hamets

Canada has the oldest rocks in the world. How old are they?

Can measure them back to 3 billion years ago

What is continental Integration?And what are the three trade agreements?

Canadian economy is dependent on American Market. This integration we have today can be integrate to three trade agreements 1. 1965: Auto Pack: allowed American's to set up car companies in Canada 2. 1989: Canada U.S free trade agreement. Went beyond automobiles 3. 1994: North American free trade agreement. NAFTA

Where do we find igneous, metaphoric and sedimentary rock?

Canadian shield is where we find igneous and metamorphic rock and everywhere else in Canada we find sedimentary rock.

Describe the Interior Plains

Cover 20% of Canada's land. Mainly sedimentary rock.

What are faultlines?

Crack's in tectonic plates and on land also divide nations

True or False: The physical environment doesn't offer humans natural resources

False it does offer

True or False: Continental glaciers doesn't affect the rest of Canada

False it does

What are the three sub regions in the Cordillera?

1. Coast Mountain 2. Interior Mountians- Plateau and valleys 3. Rocky Mountians

What are the 4 Air Masses that affect Canada?

1. Continental Polar aka in the Arctic. This air is dry and cold 2. Continental tropical. This air is Hot and Dry and found Northern Mexico 3. Maritime Polar, located in the Pacific. this air is cool and wet and mild on the Pacific side 4. Maritime Tropical, this is over the Pacific and the air is warm and moist. In general air masses row from west to east

Describe what is happening between centralist and decentralists (4th fault line)

-Deals with Canada's geography and political system -From the perspective of Ottawa and the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, this public support is based on the long-held premise that economic success in Central Canada will benefit the nation as a whole. -Central Canada often benefits from federal policies that support industries representing the national interest while other provinces are left out in the cold -who has the power and control over natural resources -Deals with Canada's core and the rest of it -Ontario and Quebec is the strongest (the manufacturing area). They both had an unfair advantage, back in 1879 the federal government established the National policy, and this policy was economic development and protection from other foreign competition. Why Ontario and Quebec? there was already good industry there -National interest versus regional interest

What is the Canadian Shield made up of? (60% of Canada)

-Hard rock uplands (low hills, example granite) -Canadian Shield has lime stone upland. These areas are flat -Characterized by glaciers (drumlins-these are hills) and esker

What is happening between the Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals? 1st fault line

-Involves the first and second people -The aboriginal's land was being taken and they were not living fairly. -In the 19th and 20th century schools were designed to equip young Aboriginal students to find and accept a place on the bottom rungs of the larger society but resulted in the loss of their language and culture as well as the connection to the land and their life of hunting and trapping.

Newcomers and Old-Timers (3rd Faultine)

-Involves the second and third people. -1967, Canadian immigration policy didn't focus on Europe anymore. They gave everyone a free chance to apply. This helped achieve a multicultural society. The expectations are the new comers must become Canadian. Do you become Canadian by simulation or legalized citizenship? -Old Canadians believe new Canadians are a threat to the economy. Is that person from Africa that is better trained them me going to take my job? -The problem in the 1980s was people are bulldozing cheap houses and making larger houses. This scared old Canadians that there neighbourhood was being destabilized. -The first European immigrants, the British, and the French, established the economic, political and social structure of Canada. -It is new comers bringing there own culture and rules to Canada and the old-timers building Canada roots and how they bump heads a bit. There is the charter of rights and freedom every Canadian has to follow. The muslim women's rules of covering up is in the grey area right now in the justice system.

What are the five demographic fault lines?

-Newcomers and Old-Timers: The issue here is the perception the old comers have on the new comers. Some out timers see the new arrivals as a strength. That the newcomers are a strength to growth and diversity. AN opposite view is the old timers seeing new comers as a threat to social economic status and threat to Canadian identity. Main destination of new comers are going west B.C. and Toronto and large cities. Making Canadian country more in favour of Urbanization -Regional Patterns of Immigration -Aboriginal Population: growing rapidly. Much of this growth is from western Canada and B.C. and Ontario. This will lead to land claims in the future. -French/English Balance: The French language is declining in Canada. What statistic tells us is that is it still strong in Quebec and Newfoundland. -Core/Periphery Population: Population growth in B.C. and Alberta is a new secondary core.

What are the four population zones

1. Densely populated: 19.4 million people living here (60% of Canada). This zone is highly urbanized and industrialized. This is like Toronto. There is rapid growth in this area as all of the urban population is located here. 2. Moderately populated: stretching from the maritimes to B.C. there are 12.6 million living here so 39% of the population. Population growth is slow in this zone and uneven 3. Sparsely Populated: population is 0.3 million is 1 percent of the population 4. Isolated Settlement: less then 0.1 million which is locate din the Arctic Zone 1 and 2 is 99% of Canada's population

What are three streams of Immigrants?- On midterm

1. Family Class: these people come to Canada to be reunited with there family (25%) 2. Refugee class: People who are fleeing (15%) 3. Economic or independent class: these are skilled workers and/or well-off people to come and invest in Canada (60%)

What are two geomorphic processes?

1. Gradation: Physical and chemical weathering (erosion and breaking down rock from wind and ice etc) 2. Orogenic Deformation: Something is changing in the landscape. It is folding or faulting. Looking for changes in the level or surface of the land

True or False: Alpine glaciation does not affect the cordillera and arctic lands?

False it does affect it

What is happening between the English and French speaking Canadians? (2nd fault line)

-Second fualtline started in 1769, when New France came to an end. But that is not the source of the tension. For about 100 years, Quebec economy and social systems was unchanged, it was the same. -Quebec Act (1774), is that it garentee's religious and linguistic freedom ( the quebec act extended the territory Northwords -Constitutional Act (1791), Quebec was split into two parts: Upper Canada (English speaking) and lower Canada (French speaking). -Union Act (1841), the outcome of the two portions were re-united. Upper and lower Canada were now a province together -1867, Quebec's English's speaking population was increasing as French was decreasing. Outside Quebec there was not religious and linguistic freedoms. -The Federal Governments reaction led to the idea among French people that their interests were being ignored. -Since the 1960s, Quebec (Government) has insisted on more autonomy, so more power in there internal affairs. People were given the opportunity to vote to stay apart of Canada -Do you want Canada to be soveren? Its redunite. It already is. -1980, Ottawa cut back some of the powers Quebec had. Later on, the government thought that was a bad idea. They now look at Quebec at a distinct society. -In 1969, the Official Languages Act recognized English and French as having equal status in the government of Canada. -In 1974, The Quebec government passed its Official Language Act making French the sole official language in the province. This was to foster the French language -Back in 1867, the population of Canada consisted of two main groups: British, comprising 61 percent and French, comprising 31 percent, forming 92 percent of the population. Only 21 percent of the population are french now in 2011. this is going to cause large barriers in Canada toward language.

What is the core and periphery theory?

-This model is based on John Friedmann's 1960 adaptation of the core/periphery model to Venezuela, where he expanded the number of periphery regions from one to three. These 4 regions-a coe and three peripheries- are easily adapted to Canada: -A core region centred on manufacturing (ontario and Quebec) -Rapidly growing region based on an expanding resource base (British Columbia and Western Canada) -Slow growing based on a declining resource base (Atlantic Canada) -Resource frontier region where many resources exist but few are viable (the Territorial North)

What are the 4 ocean currents that affect air temperature in coastal areas?

1. Alaska Current, this brings cold water from the pacific to the waters of British Columbia. 2. California Current, this brings warm water flowing North to the Vancouver Island but also flow to the South. 3. Labrador Current 4. Golf stream, which is warm water. As you move away from the coast there is an increase in temperature range and a decrease in precipitation. When you are down by the lake in the summer it will cooler but when re down by the slake in the winter it is warmer

What are the three sub regions in the Interior Plains?

1. Alberta Plateau 2. Saskatchewan Plain 3. Manitoba Lowland -They look like staircases and the fall of the mountains are called escapements. Known for wide stream rivers

What are the three sub regions within the Arctic Lands and what are the two time periods associated with them?

1. Arctic Platform: sedimentary rock that can be traced to the palezoic era 2. Arctic Coastal Plain: Same type of rock and era 3. Innuitian Mountains Complex: Metazoic era rocks

What are the four major drainage Basins?

1. Atlantic Basin: rivers near the great lakes drain into the Atlantic ocean. Main river is the Churchill River 2. Hudson Bay Basin: the largest drainage basin in Canada. Major river is the Saskatchewan river 3. Arctic Basin: drainage into the Arctic Ocean. Main river is the Mackenzie river. Second largest 4. Pacific Basin: smallest of them all. Drain's into the Pacific Ocean. Main river is the Fraser River Hydroelectric power is created from the basins and the movement of speed from the water

What are the two major physical factors that interact to feat Canada's Natural Landscapes?

1. Bedrock Geology 2. Climate (including glaciation)

Already stated, what are three basic components of population change?

1. Births 2. Deaths 3. Migration Population Change=Natural Increase + Net Migration Population Change= (Births-Deaths) + (Immigration-Emigration)

What are five major features in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence lowlands?

1. Both of these will have fairly flat lands (St. Lawrence part is flatter rand shorter then the great lakes)- low relief 2. Limestone uplands 3. The niagara escarpment 4. Glacier Features (Eskers aka Winding ridges, moraines aka linear ridges and drumlins aka hills) 5. Major river system

There are four major fault lines. Name them.

1. Centralist and Decentralists 2. Old and New Canadian 3. French and English 4. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal

What are the three types of rock?

1. Igneous rock: fire rock. This is the rock that has cooled from magma 2. Metamorphic Rock: changed rock. Transformed rock. Began as igneous or sedimentary rock and is changed from one form to another 3. Sedimentary Rock: layered rock. Formed on the floor of ocean or lakes. Just layers of sediments

What are three major Glacier Deposits

1. Moraines: these are linear and long in length 2. Till Plains: uniform glacier deposits 3. Drumlins: oval shaped hills

What are the seven climate zones of Canada and describe them

1. Pacific: warm and wet. Warm summers and mild winters and heavy precipitation and this is experienced in the winter months. The Pacific has no months when the temperature goes below freezing and has no water deficit 2. Cordillera: cool and dry. Mountainous environment. Precipitation is moderate. Winter is at a max. The temperature does below freezing for a couple months. This is a dry period during the summer months. 3. The Prairies: cool and dry. Summers are best described as cool and cold winters. Overall the precipitation is low but it does receive max precipitation in the winter months. The temperature does go below freezing. A water deficit is experienced in the summer months. 4. Great Lake- St. Lawrence: It experiences moderate temperatures (not to hot not to cold), and moderate precipitation. Warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is pretty much the same throughout the whole year. There is three and a half to 4 months of the year where the temp goes below freezing 5.Atlantic: cool and mild but wet. Summers are cool and winters are cold. Precipitation is pretty uniform (same), it is not uncommon to find max precipitation in the fall. No water deficit 6. Subarctic: corresponds with the Canadian Shield. It is cool and dry. Winters and summers are cool. Precipitation is low (region can experience a summer max) At least 6 months is below freezing 7. Arctic: Cold and dry. Both summer and winters are cold. Precipitation is extremely low. There is a water deficit for most of the year and at least 6 months where the weather goes below freezing

What are five key features seen in Arctic Lands?

1. Plateaus 2. Plains (flat land) 3. Mountains 4. Tundra Polygons (Cracking on land due to permafrost) 5. Pingos (hills/mountains that are composed of ice)

What are three major factors that affect Canada's Climate?

1. Solar Energy: the strength of solar energy of different latitudes. As latitudes increases, temperature decreases (moving from the equator towards the North Pole) 2. Air Masses: 4 Major air masses that affect Canada. 3. Distance from Oceans (and major inland bodies of water). Ocean currents bring warm water to cold air and they also do the opposite. There are four ocean currents that affect air temp in coastal areas.

What are the three groups of Indians differing between there special rights and freedoms?

1. Status Indian- Aboriginal person who is registered with the federal government 2. Non-Status Indian- These people cannot live on reserves 3. Treaty Indian- Status Indian belongs too a band which sign a treaty with the federal government. The treaties set aside lands, which will be reservations, the treaty sets aside money and thats in the form of annual payments. Everyone was mixing up what the treaties offered and didn't.

What are the top CMAs?

1. Toronto 2. Montreal 3. Vancouver 4. Ottawa 5. Calgary

What was the 5 major impact on trade agreements?

1. provincial companies is not looking at the rest of Canada for trade, going to other countries 2. Re-orientaiton of trade and exchange international 3. Economic Restructuring: in order for companies to survive, many companies have some to specialize in what they do however economic restricting has eliminate jobs. There is an increase in trade volume 4. there have been disputes on input goods 5. There is a trade imbalance and is in Canada's favour. Canada is importing more to U.S then U.S is to Canada

Canada consists of six regions. What are they?

1.Atlantic Canada (known for fisheries) 2.Quebec (Hydroelectric power) 3.Ontario (Automobile manufacturing) 4.Western Canada (Agriculture) 5.British Columbia (Forest industry) 6.Territorial North (Megaprojects)

What are the 10 vegetations in Canada?

1.Polar Desert: nothing grows here 2. Tundra: Treeless plains, flat lands, so no trees. Will find Xerophytic plants 3. Tundra-boreal Transition: a landscape that is similar to Tundra so flat. But we find small patches of coniferous trees 4. Boreal Forest: Coniferous trees- short trees 5. Coastal Rainforest: Receives a lot of rain. There are coniferous trees that are very tall and massive 6. Montane Forest: Coniferous trees and some grass lands 7. Parkland: transition region. Includes coniferous trees,but also includes grasses 8. Grassland: various types of grass lengths 9. Mixed Forest: transition area. Coniferous and deciduous trees 10. Broadleaf Forest: Deciduous trees

What is the timeline of the immigration policy?

1871-1901: was a period in people leaving Canada, there wasn't enough employment here 1931-1941: great depression WW1-1945: No one was coming into Canada but people were leaving Back in 1967, Canada changed its immigration policy. One thing needs to be highlighted, Canada got rid of its "preferred nationality policy" and opened itself up to the rest of the world 1971 there was an increase in immigration

When did Canada become half world and half urbanized (like city)?

1921. Ontario, Quebec and B.C. all become urban 10 years earlier, so 1911. All provinces hit that 50/50 level after WW2. This has to do with P.E.I because it has the lowest urbanization.

What is a cultural area?

A region which is based on 8 common characteristics 1. Similar natural environment 2. Social Organization 3. Dwelling types 4. Transportation methods 5. Food (diet) 6. Hunting and gathering Techniques 7. Tools 8. Clothing

Define Pluralistic Society

A society where small groups within the larger society are permitted to maintain their unique cultural identities; Multiculturalism

What is a soil zone and what are the 5 major soil zones?

A structured composite of minerals and organic materials and this lays on top of the bedrock 1. Cryosolic soil: Poorly drained, very thin and in some parts of the Arctic they are absent 2. Podzolic soil: found in the sub arctic and the pacific coast and Atlantic. Poorly drained and tend to be grey in colour. 3. Luvisolic soil: very well drained. the colour of them is grey-brown 4. Chernozemic soil: Very well trained. The colour of them is black or dark brown (best for agriculture). Located in the Prairies 5. Mountain Complex: Different types of soils and very with elevation

What is Urbanization?

At least 1000 or more people in a region is called urban population. Urbanization has been on the rise. about 82% of Canadian's are living in urbanization.

What are the two components to economic structure?

Formal: which has to do with economic transition and there is a chart from MLS Informal: Unconventional: paid work or unpaid from undeclared sources, legal or illegal. These jobs are the T-shirt jobs like under the table jobs. Maybe seasonal jobs or part-time. No one pays tax on it.

What was the perspective of the government and the Aboriginal about treaties?

From the perspective of the federal government, because the Aborginals have signed a treaty, they have given up there title to own that land , however, the Aboriginal people have very limited rights as land users. The government can do whatever they want with that land now, and don't have to compensate with the Aboriginals who have signed the treaty. Other perspective is that of the Aboriginal's people, there perspective is the opposite. The treaty, what they guarantee, is shared title and ownership of the land. So both parties have equal amount of the land.

What is the staples thesis?

Harold Innis's idea that the history of Canada, especially its regional economic and institutional development, was linked to the discovery, utilization and export of particular staple resources in Canada's vast frontier. It was expected that economic diversification would take place, making the region less reliant on primary resources. Innis proposed this thesis in the early 1930s and his ideas continue to influence Canadian scholars

What is the deference between Historic and Modern treaties?

Historic treaties are the treaties signed before 1975. The treaties are based on part time ownership of the Aboriginals Modern treaties were signed between federal and provincial government. Signed after 1975. Mostly the treaties are in Northern Canada, and all of these treaties are comprehensive land claim agreements. That just means that both Aboriginal groups and government share the land. That means that they have ownership and use the land, and have development rights. Allows the Aboriginal communities to be self-efficient

Difference between Integrate and assimilate?

Integrate: he or she is economically adaptive Assimilation: I am going to become more Canadian and drop my past culture. Places beyond European were places that were too different to be expected by the old Canadians

What is multiculturalism?

Is the governmental policy and it allows Canadian's to have ethic identity or a national identity

What is the Shariah Law?

Islamic religious law based on the Koran, the Muslim holy book' under most interpretations, Islamic law gives men more rights than women in meters of inheritance, divorce and child custody

What is the cordillera?

It covered only 16 percent of Canada. It is mainly composed of sedimentary rocks that can be traced o the cenozoic era. It is very mountainist. It is the west coast like Vancouver and up. Cordillera includes steep mountains. Also incline alpine glaciers. It folds are found on the Coast areas, and they are formed from glaciers. Folding is the bending of the Earth's crust

Describe the Appalachian Uplands

It covers 2 percent of Canada an they consist mainly of sedimentary rock formed in the Palezoic era. Uplands are rounded hills that underwent a variety of weathering and erosion process over a period of almost 500 million years. This has created peneplain which is a more or less level land surface caused by the wearing down of ancient mountains; represents an advanced stage of erosion. Many U-shaped valleys. Riding coast line and irregular base

Describe the Arctic Lands aka Polar Desert

It covers over nearly 10 percent of the area of Canada. It includes sedimentary rock.

Define what the Windsor-Quebec Corridor Axis is

It is Canada's most urbanized area. The urban core, has over 50% of Canadian cities. The rest of the cities in Canada are most spread out and greater

What is permafrost and what are four types of permafrost?

Permanently frozen soil that covers 67% of Canada Four types of permafrost: 1. Continous Permafrost: occurs in the higher latitudes of the Arctic climate zone where at least 80 percent of the ground is permanently frozen 2. Discountinous permafrost: occurs when 30-80 percent of the ground is permanently frozen. It is found in the subarea climatic zone where mean annual air temp ranges from -5 to -15. 3. Sporadic Permafrost: found mainly in the northern parts of the provinces, where less than 30 percent of the area is permanently frozen. 4. Alpine Permafrost: found in mountainous areas and takes on a vertical pattern as elevations of a mountain increase

What is continentalism?

Policies, like the free trade agreement, that promote Canadian trade and economic ties with the United States. Washington views continentalism along the same lines as Canada. However, earlier in its history, some in the US saw that country spreading across all of North America and this ideology was expressed by the concept of Manifest Destiny

What is another demographic trend?

Population Density: number of people per square km.

What is one more demographic trend?

Population Distribution: In general term, Canada population is unevenly distributed. the majority of the Canadian population are in small pockets that are located along the border of Canada and the U.S.A Ontario and Quebec are the core of Canada (62% of people live in Ontario and Quebec) while 40% of hat lives in Ontairo

What is one demographic trend?

Population Size: rapid national growth after 1850. Idea of doubling its figure is every 40 years. The population is increasing. Populations can also grow from 1. immigration 2. natural increase (births minus deaths) 3. territorial expansion (when provinces join). Ontario has held first and second place in the highest population

What is the geological Time and view the flow chart

Precambrian era- Canadian Shield Palaeozoic era- located to the east and north of the Canadian Shield Mesozoic era is the first era of Glaciers

What is the Canadian Shield also known as?

Precambrian shield

What is regional geography?

The geographic study of a particular part of the world. In such studies, people, interacting with their economic, physical, and social environments are perceived as placing their imprint on the landscape just as the landscape helps to determine their lives and activities

Define what isostatic rebound is

The gradual uplifting of the earth's crust following the retreat of an ice sheet that because of its weight, depressed the earth's crust. Also known as post-glacial uplift. The beginning process is called restrained rebound and ending with residual uplift.

what was the one sentence that is kind of confusing that the prof said?

The number of cities in each tier is inversely related to the size of the city

Define ecumene

The portion of the land that is settled. So the coastal line of the U.S and Canada is where major of the people reside.

What is crude density?

The way you calculate is you take the total population and divide that by the total area. Reason why it is crude is if you have a small sized place like P.E.I you will get a large density.

What is the super cycle theory?

Theory based on two premises: 1. that demand will tend to outstrip supply and thus keep prices high and 2. that in a global economic downturn, demand from industrializing countries will jeep price declines to a minimum

What are the two main trends in Canada?

There is a decline of eastern state cities and a rise of cities in the West

What are specific land claim agreements?

They have been put into place in order to fill place of the historic treaties

Define the Arctic Circle

To sum up what it is, is it is an imaginary line that works off of the sun's rays and winter splice and summer solstice

T or F: Canada's population has increased over 10 times from 1871 to 34 million in 2011. The population increase was not distributed evenly. By 2011, Ontario and Quebec hold 62 per cent of the population. The Western half of the country saw its population jump to 31 per cent of the population lives there.

True

True and False: In 2014, British Columbia is at 85.4% urbanized and Ontario is at 84.1% urbanized in 2014

True

True or False: -Around 9000 years ago, there was the emergence of the Indian Culture. The decadence. This culture is semi-nomadic -Around 5000 years ago, Paleo- Eskimo Culture (this group is not related at all) -Three large groups that crossed over. -The Inuit's are related to the Paleo-Eskimo Culture (this group was nomadic in appose to marine hunters)

True

True or False: All fault lines has the ability to destabilize Canada

True

True or False: Bangladesh is the most densely populated country with 1,000 people per km.

True

True or False: Canada is a country of MIGRATES. people here are on the move. BUT canada is a country of immigrants

True

True or False: Canada is shaped buy continental glaciation

True

True or False: Immigration is greater than emigration

True

True or False: In the past it was determination now it is our resources

True

True or False: The Canadian Shield has precambrian or metamorphic rock within

True

True or False: The Canadian-US trade remains the largest among any two con tries in the world

True

True or False: glaciers have shaped the mountains into V shaped valleys on the West Coast

True

True or False: there are V shaped valleys that have flattened the mountains in the Atlantic due to glaciers

True

True or False: The Crude Death rate has been declining since 1981 around 7% a year. Atlantic Canada and Western Canada are on the decline Above average in Alberta and Newfoundland

True False on the Incline False, Below average

True or False: First Canadians arrived 30 thousand years ago (old world hunters- that is the term referred to as the people who came to north America, they migrate from Asia to North America. People were able to move from Siberia to Alaska because there was no water back then as a barrier.

True. Thousands of years later those old world hunters begin to migrate south and east. These hunts lived nomadic lives, they migrated with their food sources. 11,500 years ago was the Paleo-Indian Culture that migrated. They hunted Buffalo as the main food source. In the North it was caribou

What is another name for tyrrell sea?

is another name for prehistoric Hudson Bay, namely as it existed during the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.

What is the capitalist world-system theory?

is based on the assumption that manufacturing cores have an inherent advantage over resource-based peripheries because over time, prices for manufactured goods increase more rapidly than those for resources. Industries centres become richer and richer over time compared to their peripheries because of this price advantage.

Define Regional Self-Interest

the aspirations, concerns, and interests of people living in a region and acted on by local politicians. Sometimes such efforts are designed to improve the prospects of their region at the expense of other regions or of the federal government

Elaborate more on the components of population change

we have always had more births than deaths. Natural increase is accounted for most of Canada's population growth till 1971. Crude birthrates look at the birth rate per 1000 individuals. They call it the crude birth rate because only women can have babies and not men. SO it is not accurate 1871-1941: crude birth rate has fallen. Urbanization aided in the birth rate fall. 1946-1966: have a period termed baby boom, where there is an increase 1966 and on so: a period term baby bust where the crude birth rate drops