Geology 1403 Lab Practical Final

The topography of a landscape can be shown by

all of the above

A direction of 315º in the azimuth system corresponds to

northwest

In an anticline, the _______________ rocks are exposed in the axial region of the fold, and beds typically dip _____________ one another.

oldest; away from

In a basin surrounded completely by mountains (like Death Valley), streams

***All of the above

To show topography in a rugged, mountainous area, the most appropriate contour interval would be

100 feet

You have been asked to draw a map of a part of your campus on a piece of 8½ × 11″ paper. You first try a scale of 1:1,000 but the paper is not large enough. Which of the following scales might work?

1:5,000

Two maps have been drafted so that each fills a sheet of 8½-inch × 11-inch paper, one at a scale of 1:24,000, the other at 1:62,500. Which of the following statements describes these maps correctly?

The map with the scale of 1:62,500 covers more area than the other

A benchmark is

a permanent marker on the ground that indicates location and elevation

V-shaped stream valleys are formed by

all of the above

Shoreline features are

among the most rapidly changing landscapes

Landforms in arid regions are more _________ than in humid regions because ____.

angular; soil creep is less common

Map projections

are needed to portray the nearly spherical shape of the Earth on a flat page. may significantly distort the shapes of continents and oceans. can be selected so as most accurately to show particular aspects of a feature. *** All of the above.

Cirques are

bowl-shaped depressions in which snowfields accumulate and create alpine glaciers

Small tick marks (hachures) on contour lines indicate

depressions

The latitude/longitude and UTM systems are used to

describe the location of points on the globe

Which of the following map elements is not shown on an aerial photograph?

elevations and slope steepness

Alpine (or mountain) glaciers

flow downhill through previously existing stream-carved valleys

Continental ice sheets

flow outward from the snow fields in which they form

The __________ of a stream are where it begins, and its __________ is where it flows into another body of water.

headwaters; mouth

Submergent shorelines are typically characterized by

highly irregular coastlines. numerous bays and headlands. sand bars and lagoons. ***All of the above

Streams are able to carry clasts ranging from mud to medium-sized boulders depending on their

kinetic energy

Contour lines on a map connect points

of equal elevation

A map scale of 1:24,000 means that

one inch on the map = 24,000 inches on the ground

Sediment deposited by meltwater beyond the terminus of a glacier or in tunnels beneath it is called

outwash

The datum on which all longitude is based is the

prime meridian

Emergent shorelines are typically characterized by

relatively straight coastlines. cliffs adjacent to the shore. uplifted shoreline features. ***all of the above

Physical weathering in arid regions is

slower than in humid regions because some processes are less effective

Dendritic, trellis, and rectangular drainage patterns are the result of the

structure and erodibility of the rocks underlying the region.

The shape of a sand dune and its position relative to the wind depends on

the amount of sand available. how constant wind direction is. the strength of the wind. ** All of the above

Information on the borders of a topographic map includes all except

the cost of the map

The term wave base refers to

the depth beneath waves to which water motion reaches

A drainage basin is

the entire area that feeds water into a stream

Strike and dip refer to

the orientation of a bed or fault

The gradient of a stream describes

the steepness of its path through the landscape

A vertical exaggeration of 1.00× on a topographic profile means

the vertical scale of the profile is the same as the map scale

"Base line" and "principal meridian" are reference lines in the

township and range (Public Land Survey) system

In the plate tectonic model, large-scale shear stress is found at

transform faults

A map scale of 1:24,000 means that

1 in. = 2,000 ft

To show topography in a flat coastal area, the most appropriate contour interval would be

5 feet

Vertical exaggeration is often used on maps and map profiles in order to

All of the above

The Public Land Survey System is used in all except

Massachusetts

A series of concentric contour lines may indicate

a hill

The base level of a stream may be

a lake into which it flows. a larger stream into which it flows. the ocean. *** All of the above.

The difference between a plunging and non-plunging fold is that

beds on both limbs of a plunging fold dip at the same angle

Arid landscapes tend to

change more slowly than humid landscapes

The datum on which all latitude is based is the

equator

The base level of a stream controls

how deeply it can erode its channel.

The sinuosity of a stream is a measure of

how much it meanders

Meridians of longitude

meet at the North and South Poles.

The zero contour line is also known as

sea level

If Earth entered another ice age and continental glaciers expanded (not likely in the current situation, but it's happened before),

sea level would drop and most stream gradients would decrease

. Sediment deposited directly from a retreating glacier is called

till

On a map with a scale of 1:48,000, a distance of 1 mile would be represented by __________ inch(es).

1

Contour lines on a topographic map

cannot cross

A stream channel is

the area in which its water normally flows

Floodplains are associated with

broad valleys with broadly meandering streams.

Streams deposit sediment when

water slows down.

Sediment particles move in a stream by

all of the above

Waves are caused by

wind

In a syncline, the _______________ rocks are exposed in the axial region of the fold, and beds typically dip _____________ one another.

youngest; toward

A good map must contain a way to accurately determine the

all of the above