Gerontology Final

How does the media contribute to improving attitudes towards older people?

by presenting more varied images of older people

According to Lee (2002), _____% of graduate schools of social work offered courses on aging

26.3%

Demographers often divide the older population into ____ groups

3

The less developed nations make up _____ of the world's population

3/4

Research shows that a decline in vision begins about the age of ____ for most people

30

A study by the National Counsel on Aging (Cutler, 2002) found that ____ % of older people felt that dear of crime was a very serious problem for them

36%

____% of older people believed that their later years were the best years of their lives

45

A person loses some hearing each year after age

50

Gerontologists define the group aged _____ as the young-old

65 and over

Gerontologists most often use the proportion of people age _____ as a measure of population aging

65 and over

The terms old, elderly, and aged in this book refer to people aged ___ and over.

65.

Palmore (2001) reports that ____% of older people experienced more than one incident of ageism

77%

The fastest growing age group in the country is the group aged

85 and over

According to a study conducted by the Unilever Company (2010), ______% of women aged 51-64 believed that it is time for society to change its views about women and aging

91%

Sociologists describe prejudice as...

A negative attitude toward a group or class of people.

______ is a genetic process that switches off the cell's ability to divide, thus controlling cell growth and cell death

Apoptosis

In 2000, the majority of the world's older people lived in

Asia

Which of the following reasons for studying aging was not given in the text? A. To help understand social issues B. To learn to work in a field that serves older people C. To enable older people to reverse or avoid the effects of aging D. To help older friends and relations to deal with issues of later life

C. To enable older people to reverse or avoid the effects of aging.

______ today has the largest population of older people in the world.

China

Historians credit ______ with the first use of the term gerontology in 1905

Elie Metchnikoff

______ is the lead destination state for migrating reitrees

Florida

Gerontologists

Gender effect

___ is the systematic study of aging.

Gerontology.

According to the International Longevity Center (2006), ageism can result in

Ideas, attitudes, beliefs, and practices that are biased against people based on their age

The country with the highest percentage of its population aged 65 and over is

Japan

Stereotyping can...

Lead to prejudice, discrimination, and inappropriate treatment.

_______ studies the phenomenon -- sickness, retirement, health -- from the subject's point of view

Phenomenology

______ studies how individuals understand and give meaning to their lives

Qualitative methods

______ allow researchers to gather a great deal of information on a wide range of issues

Quantitative methods

______ want to understand the changes that take place in the individuals over time

Social gerontologists

Binstock (2005) called new ageism an example of

a compassionate stereotype

Stereotypes, whether negative or compassionate, results in

a decrease in public support for older people

Creating a positive attitude towards aging among health care professionals requires

a gerontology curriculum that emphasizes problems with the elderly

Geriatrics is defined as

a medical specialty that deals with older people

Ageism in our culture is

a negative attitude towards aging

What types of activities create stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination against older people?

accepting television's portrayal of older people

Nosek and colleagues (2002) compared subjects'; attitudes towards various ideas, and found the strongest negative associations with

age

McCann and Ventrell-Monses (2010) say that 40 years after the ADEA's enactment, _______ continues to impede the achievement of equal treatment for the older people in the workplace

age discrimination

To have a more balanced view of later life, society needs to

allow for many ways to grow old

Some older people move to enjoy a new lifestyle at retirement. This type of move is called

amenity migration

Catherine Mayer (2009) coined the term ______ to describe the ageless self

amortality

In developing nations the combination of poor economics and increasing numbers of older people will result in

an increased burden on the young

Free radicals are molecules that have

an unpaired electron

Chemicals in the body called ______ bind and neutralize some free radicals

antioxidants

All of the body's systems decline with age, but each system declines

at a different rate

The interpretive perspective

can give a good understanding of how people interpret their social world

The Hayflick limit says that

cell division has a limit

Cumulative disadvantage theory is a type of

conflict theory

Older people tend to live in cities because of

cultural reasons and the desire to age in place

Which of the following is a major source of ageism? a) the media b) lack of knowledge c) educational institutions d) all of the above

d) all of the above

According to the free radical theory, free radicals can

damage tissues and cell proteins

Muscle and bones content _____ with age

decrease

New ageism refers to a(n)

desire to give more help to older people

Studies show that _____ can improve knowledge and attitude about aging

education

Society can reduce prejudice and ageism through

education and social action

Research studies on human subjects face ______ challenges

ethical

current research suggests that ____ can reduce osteoporosis in older women

exercise

The FAQ is designed to

explore people's knowledge about dying

Gerontologists work to replace myths and stereotypes of aging with

facts and knowledge

Advertisers who want to attract older consumers should

focus on personal development and deeper values

Austad (2009) defines biological aging as

gradual and progressive decay in physical function

According to the endocrine theory, the age-related decline in ______ may trigger health problems later in life

hormones

An increasing older population in developed countries, for example, will ________ government pension and health care costs in the future

increase

In the future, population aging will occur because of

increased longevity

The United Nations reports that the developed nations will experience _____ in their proportions of older people

increases

Barbara Barer, an anthropologist at the Univ. of California, reports that crimes against older people can lead to feelings of

inferiority and loss of self-esteem

The Internet offers a storehouse of information on aging, but proves no guide to the quality of information. Therefore, gerontologists must be

information literate

Biologists distinguish between two causes of aging: _______ aging due to normal physical functions, and ______ aging due to environment

intrinsic; extrinsic

According to sociologists, a theory

is a conceptual model of some aspect of life

According to Butler, one antidote to ageism is

knowledge

New ageism

leads to an increase in public support for older people

Age stratification theory views individual aging as a(n)

life-long process

The stereotype of the sophisticated, successful, beautiful senior

may lead to a new form of ageism: the ageless self

Studies by the National Council on Aging (2000) on the fear of crime among older people find that

more than one-third of older people felt that fear of crime is a serious problem for them

Palmore's research on the FAQ suggests that

most people know little about aging and have many misconceptions

The AARP (1999) conducted a study which showed that ____ had the highest rates of vulnerability to crime

older people with low incomes

Older women have a higher risk of bone fracture than older men because

osteoporosis due to menopause lowers bone density

One example of the conflict perspective is the

political economy theory

An increase in the median age of a society means that the

population has gotten older

Congress (McCann and Ventrell-Monses, 2010) enacted the ADEA to

promote the employment of older workers based on ability rather than age

Critical gerontologists often use _____ to conduct their research

qualitative methods

An end to ageism will

require that we develop a society that judges people by who they are and what they do rather than their age

Older people, in general feel ____ with their lives

satisfied

The normal functional decline that takes place in the human body over time is called

senescence

Changes in _____ and _____ have the greatest effect in a person's ability to function in later life

sight; hearing

Compared to men, women face a greater chance of being _____ in later life

single

According to Mead, symbolic interaction

studies how symbols shape social relations

Demographers use three measures to describe population. Which of the following is not a measure of population aging?

the educational level of population

According to the text, the study of aging has grown to include

the humanities

Demographers find that the migration patterns of society usually follow

the life course

The major source of ageism today is

the media

Both Palmore (1998) and the Univ. of Southern California (2004) show that

the most frequent misconceptions about aging come from negative views of old age

Researchers have suggested a number of ways to produce a more balanced view of aging. These include

thoughtful use of media, educational programs, and legislation

Which of the following is not a method that researchers use to gather data on gerontology?

uncontrolled studies in laboratories

The U.S. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits

unfair business practices

Older people seem more susceptible to victimization by fraud because they

usually have some wealth and fewer social supports

Student in the health sciences may have a negative attitude towards aging because they

usually treat only ill or institutionalized older people

Gerontologists use a number of research designs to look at the APC problem. Which of the following is not used to examine this problem?

vertical studies

Research methods provide

ways to collect, analyze, and report information

The less developed nations have

young populations with a small proportion of older people