GI questions

A nurse is preparing to perform an abdominal examination. The initial step would be which of the following? 1. Palpation 2. Inspection 3. Knee-chest position 4. Right Sims' position

2

A nurse provides instructions to a client following a liver biopsy. The nurse tells the client to: 1. Avoid alcohol for 8 hours 2. Remain NPO for 24 hours 3. Lie on the right side for 2 hours 4. Save all stools to be checked for blood

3.

A nurse is reviewing the orders of a client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Choose the interventions that the nurse would expect to be prescribed for the client. Select all that apply. 1. Administer antacids, as prescribed 2. Small, frequent high calorie feedings 3. Encourage coughing and deep breathing 4. Administer anticholinergics, as prescribed 5. Meperidine (Demerol) as prescribed for pain 6. Maintain the client in a supine and flat position

1, 3, 4, 5, Antacids are prescribed for suppression of GI secretion acute pancreatitis patient is normally placed on NPO status to rest the pancreas and suppress GI secretions. patient is prone to respiratory infection due to retroperitoneal fluid raises the diaphragm, which causes the client to take shallow, guarded abdominal breaths. Deep breathing and coughing is instituted. anticholinergics are prescribed to suppress GI secretion Meperidine (Demerol) is used to reduce pain positions that lessen the pain and decreased the tension to abdominal are: flex the trunk and draw the knees up to the chest; side-lying position with the head elevated 45 degrees

A client is admitted to the hospital with acute viral hepatitis. Which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse expect to note based upon this diagnosis? 1. Fatigue 2. Pale urine 3. Weight gain 4. Spider angiomas

1.

A client presents to the emergency department with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and is in moderate distress. Which nursing action would be the priority for this client? 1. Determination of vital signs 2. Complete abdominal physical examination 3. Thorough investigation of the precipitating events 4. Insertion of a nasogastric tube and Hematest of the emesis

1.

It has been determined that a client with hepatitis has contracted the infection from contaminated food. What type of hepatitis is this client most likely experiencing? 1. Hepatitis A 2. Hepatitis B 3. Hepatitis C 4. Hepatitis D

1.

Of the following infection control methods, which would be the priority to include in the plan of care to prevent hepatitis B in a client considered to be at high risk for exposure? 1. Hepatits B vaccine 2. Proper personal hygiene 3. Use of immune globulin 4. Correct hand-washing technique

1.

A nurse is teaching the client about an upcoming colonoscopy procedure. The nurse would include in the instructions that the client will be placed in which the following positions for the procedure? 1. Left Sims' position 2. Lithotomy position 3. Knee-chest position 4. Right Sims' position

1. left sims' position is the easiest way for colonoscopy to be introduced to the colon.

A nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis and a history of alcoholism and is monitoring the client for complications. Which o the following data would be a sign of paralytic ileus? 1. inability to pass flatus 2. loss of anal sphincter control 3. severe constant pain with rapid onset 4. firm, nontender mass palpable at the lower right costal margin

1. acute inflammation can cause paralytic ileum; therefore inability to pass flatus; also causes general pain or discomfort option 4: enlarged liver, is not a symptom of paralytic ileus

A nurse is monitoring a client for the early signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome. Which of the following symptoms will indicate this occurrence? 1. Sweating and pallor 2. Dry skin and stomach pain 3. Bradycardia and indigestion 4. Double vision and chest pain

1. early symptoms occur 5 to 30 minutes after eating: vertigo, tachycardia, syncope, sweating, pallor, palpitations, and the desire to lie down.

A client with hiatal hernia chronically experiences heartburn following meals. The nurse would teach the client to avoid which of the following, which is contraindicated with hiatal hernia? 1. Lying recumbent following meals 2. Eating small, frequent, bland meals 3. Raising the head of the bed on 6-inch blocks 4. taking histamine receptor antagonist medication, as prescribed

1. hiatal hernia - protrusion of portion o the stomach above the diaphragm. take small, frequent, mild taste meals. raise up the thorax after the meal or during sleep

A nurse is reviewing the record of a client with Crohn's disease. Which of the following stool characteristics would the nurse expect to see documented in the record? 1. Diarrhea 2. Constipation 3. Bloody stools 4. Stool constantly oozing from the rectum

1. non-bloody diarrhea, 4-5 times per day, increase in frequency and severity and duration.

A client with viral hepatitis has no appetite, and food makes the client nauseated. Which nursing intervention would be appropriate? 1. Offer small, frequent meals. 2. Encourage foods low in calories 3. Explain that high-fat diets are usually better tolerated 4. Explain that the majority of calories need to be consumed in the evening hours

1. patient needs high calorie and low fat food. monitor fluid and electrolyte imbalances

A client has undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The nurse places highest priority on which of the following items as part of the client's care plan? 1. Monitoring the temperature 2. Checking for return of a gag reflex 3. Giving warm gargles for a sore throat 4. Monitoring for complains of heartburn

2.

A client is admitted to the hospital with viral hepatitis and is complaining of a loss of appetite. In order to provide adequate nutrition, the nurse encourages the client to: 1. Select foods high in fat 2. Increase intake of fluids 3. Eat less often, preferably only three large meals daily 4. Eat a large supper when anorexia is most likely not as severe

2. 2500-3000 ml/day, includes nutritional fluids lack of appetite due to decreased bile secretion appetite is better in the morning

A nurses is reviewing the physician's orders written for a client admitted with acute pancreatitis. Which physician order would the nurse verify if noted on the client's chart? 1. NPO status 2. Morphine sulfate for pain 3. An anticholinergic medication 4. Prepare to insert a nasogastric tube

2. morphine may cause spasm of sphincter iddi Demerol is a better choice.

A client with acute pancreatitis is experiencing severe pain from the disorder. The nurse tells the client to avoid which position that could aggravate the pain? 1. sitting up 2. lying flat 3. leaning forward 4. flexing the left leg

2. pancreas is positioned retroperitoneally, thus lying flat and walking irritates the inflammation and edema.

A client with ascites is scheduled for a paracentesis. The nurse is assisting the physician in performing the procedure. Which of the following positions will the nurse assist the client to assume for this procedure? 1. Flat 2. Upright 3. Left side-lying 4. Right side-lying

2. the upright position helps the intestine to float posteriorly, which prevents laceration during catheter insertion.

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following gastrectomy. Which measure will the nurse instruct the client to follow to help prevent dumping syndrome? 1. Ambulate following a meal 2. Eat high-carbohydrate foods 3. Limit the fluids taken with meals 4. Sit in a high Fowler's position during meals

3.

An ultrasound of the gallbladder is scheduled for the client with a suspected diagnosis of cholecystitis. The nurse explains to the client that this test: 1. Is uncomfortable 2. Requires that the client be NPO 3. Requires the client to lie still for short intervals 4. Is preceded by the administration of oral tablets

3. do not need to be NPO may need to avoid carbonated drink for 48 hours before the test to reduce gas painless does not require administration of oral tablets.

A nurse is caring for a client following a Billroth II procedure. On review of the postoperative orders, which of the following, if prescribed, would the nurse question and verify? 1. Leg exercises 2. Early ambulation 3. Irrigating the nasogastric (NG) tube 4. Coughing and deep breathing exercises

3. usually irrigating the NG tube and repositioning the NG tube is not done after the Billroth surgery. If it is prescribed, it always needs to be verified.

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of chronic gastritis. The nurse anticipates that this client is at risk for which vitamin deficiency? 1. Vitamin A 2. Vitamin C 3. Vitamin E 4. Vitamin B12

4.

A nurse is evaluating the effect of dietary counseling on the client with cholecystitis. The nurse determines that the client understands the instructions given if the client states that which food item is acceptable to include in the diet? 1. Beef chili 2. Grilled steak 3. Mashed potatoes 4. Turkey and lettuce sandwich

4. decrease fat intake

A nurse is participating in a health screening clinic and is preparing teaching materials about colorectal cancer. The nurse would plan to include which risk factor for colorectal cancer in the material? 1. Age of 20 years 2. High-fiber, low-fat diet 3. Distant relative with colorectal cancer 4. Personal history of ulcerative colitis or gastrointestinal polyps

4. risk factors: >40 years; low fiber, high fat diet; first degree relative with colorectal cancer; history of bowel problem such as ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis

A nurse is monitoring for stoma prolapse in a client with a colostomy. The nurse would observe which of the following appearances in the stoma if prolapse occurred? 1. Dark and bluish 2. Sunken and hidden 3. Narrowed and flattened 4. Protruding and swollen

4. stoma prolapse - bowel protruding through the stoma. it has an elongated and swollen appearance.