Government Test 2

The first party system in the United States saw these parties competing for the Presidency? A. Federalist v Democratic-Republicans B. Federalist v Anti-federalist C. Democrats v Whigs D. Democrats v Republicans

A. Federalist v Democratic-Republicans

Children living in households where parents do not display a consistent political party loyalty are often _______________. A. Independents B. Republicans C. Democrats D. Libertarians

A. Independents

How does the primary process affect the positions of the various candidates for elective office? A. It makes them more ideologically extreme. B. It makes them more centrist. C. It has no discernable effect on the candidates. D. It makes them more likely to engage in policy debates with their opponents.

A. It makes them more ideologically extreme.

In the third party era, the Democrats received the majority of their support in the A. South B. North C. East D. West

A. South

Public opinion has not been consistent over the years. A. True B. False

A. True

Significant change in a person's political ideology is rare. A. True B. False

A. True

The Radio Act of 1927 was the first attempt by Congress to regulate broadcast media. A. True B. False

A. True

Today, women voters are more likely to vote Democrat than are male voters. A. True B. False

A. True

The media's ability to choose which issues or topics get attention is known as ________. A. agenda setting B. newsmaking C. spinning D. selective perception

A. agenda setting

When the parties in congress agree on an issue and pass legislation together, we call that A. bipartisanship B. unified Congress C. singularity D. a fantasy

A. bipartisanship

How does the U.S. media specifically socialize audiences? A. by choosing the way information is presented B. by adhering to government standards in the presentation of information C. by following a specific political party's opinion D. by offering programming at common viewing times

A. by choosing the way information is presented

A primary that only registered members of that party my vote. A. closed primary B. open primary C. closed election D. closed caucus

A. closed primary

A primary that only registered members of that party my vote. term-30 A. closed primary B. open primary C. closed election D. closed caucus

A. closed primary

How are collective goods different from private goods? A. collective goods offer broadly distributed benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits B. collective goods offer particularized benefits, while private goods are broadly distributed C. collective goods and private goods both offer particularized benefits D. collective goods and private goods both offer broadly distributed benefits

A. collective goods offer broadly distributed benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits

Which of the following would be considered an inside lobbying strategy? A. contacting legislators B. advertising on television C. holding rallies D. collecting dues

A. contacting legislators

When one party control the Presidency and the another party controls Congress, its called A. divided government B. gridlock C. unresponsive government D. dealignment

A. divided government

Of the following, which does the textbook identify as the most prominent agents of political socialization? A. family and school B. church and school C. school and friends D. friends and the media

A. family and school

________ is the process of giving a news story a specific context or background. A. framing B. priming C. narrowcasting D. convincing

A. framing

To overcome the free rider problem, many interest groups will offer material incentives to ___________. A. group members B. outsiders C. political party members D. lobbyists

A. group members

Most campaign coverage can be considered _____________ rather than ____________. A. horse-race coverage; in-depth B. in-depth; shallow C. fast; slow D. slow; fast

A. horse-race coverage; in-depth

Which of the following is the best example of a solidary incentive? A. joining a group to be with others like you B. joining a group to obtain a monetary benefit C. joining a group because you care about a cause D. joining a group because it is a requirement of your job

A. joining a group to be with others like you

Which of the following is a primary type of organization that lobbies on behalf of workers rights? A. labor union B. public interest research group C. corporation D. professional association

A. labor union

What is a political action committee? A. organization created to raise money for political campaigns and spend money to influence policy and politics B. organization that fundraises and spends to attach a candidate but not directly contribute to a candidate C. group of current office holders D. group of party members who are chosen to represent a particular candidate at the state'snominating convention

A. organization created to raise money for political campaigns and spend money to influence policy and politics

A formal statement of beliefs, opinions and policy stands of a the party, is known as a A. platform B. decision C. statement D. consensus

A. platform

The stance of the political party is called their A. platform B. wish list C. contract with America D. campaign promises

A. platform

While the Internet has opened up the world of news dissemination, is has also increasedthe amount of ________________. A. poorly written material B. quality material C. truly educational websites D. unbiased information

A. poorly written material

Which form of media is not overseen by the Federal Communications Commission? A. print B. television C. radio D. podcasts

A. print

What is the primary difference between private and public goods? A. private goods are items an individual can own; public goods benefit most or all citizens B. public goods are items an individual can own; private goods benefit most or all citizens C. public goods are produced collectively; private goods are produced privately D. none of the above

A. private goods are items an individual can own; public goods benefit most or all citizens

An election where the different candidates win a portion of the power (delegates) based on the portion of the votes received is called A. proportional representation B. 2 party system C. winner-take-all D. stupid

A. proportional representation

When the presidential popularity aids his party members during an off-year election to when, they are said to be A. riding his coattails B. pandering to him C. hoisting his sails D. riding his wake

A. riding his coattails

Laws that require federal and many state government proceedings and documents bemade available to the public are known as __________. A. sunshine laws B. whistleblower laws C. free access laws D. sunset laws

A. sunshine laws

Which type of research involves collecting data about public opinion by questioning a representative sample of the larger target population? A. survey research B. longitudinal research C. experimental research D. specific issue research

A. survey research

According to the text, partisan differences in values have ____________. A. widened B. closed C. become more complex D. become less complex

A. widened

Lack of wealth is not generally considered to be a barrier to interest group participation. A. True B. False

B. False

Most political scientists believe that American political parties have grown so weak organizationally that party affiliation has no impact in Congress and plays little role in elections. A. True B. False

B. False

Sophisticated public opinion polling has occurred for hundreds of years. A. True B. False

B. False

The FCC will not waive the equal-time rule for any news outlet. A. True B. False

B. False

The Republican and Democrat parties have always represented conservatism and liberalism, respectively. A. True B False

B. False

How does the Electoral College affect the American electoral system? A. It magnifies the popular support of the losing candidate. B. It discourages third-party candidacies. C. It ensures that the most popular candidate becomes president. D. It ensures that the president is supported by a majority of the population.

B. It discourages third-party candidacies.

A white, Protestant man from the upper class is most likely to vote for which political party? A. Democratic B. Republican C. Libertarian D. Democratic Socialist

B. Republican

How often do politicians use public opinion polls to guide their decisions and actions? A. always B. sometimes C. never D. daily

B. Sometimes

What are two barriers to the success of minor parties in the United States? A. Although minor parties have no problem getting the signatures they need, they must attract 25 percent of the votes in the general election to get public funding. B. There are variations in ballot access requirements between states, and some states require a large number of signatures to get on the ballot. C. Public funding is not available to minor-party candidates, and it is difficult to get the large number of signatures required to get on the ballot. D. There are variations in ballot access requirements between states, and public funding is not available to minor-party candidates.

B. There are variations in ballot access requirements between states, and some states require a large number of signatures to get on the ballot.

What is an iron triangle? A. a hypothetical arrangement among a president, congressional member, and a Supreme Court justice B. a hypothetical arrangement among an interest group, congressional committee member,and a bureaucratic agency C. a formal grouping of lobbyists, a congressional member, and the president D. a formal grouping of citizens, representatives, and judges

B. a hypothetical arrangement among an interest group, congressional committee member, and a bureaucratic agency

What is an iron triangle? A. a hypothetical arrangement among a president, congressional member, and a SupremeCourt justice B. a hypothetical arrangement among an interest group, congressional committee member, and a bureaucratic agency C. a formal grouping of lobbyists, a congressional member, and the president D. a formal grouping of citizens, representatives, and judges

B. a hypothetical arrangement among an interest group, congressional committee member, and a bureaucratic agency

Disturbance theory is the idea that ____________ can lead to interest group mobilization. A. an internal event B. an external event C. anger D. fear

B. an external event

If a media outlet pays more attention to candidate who poll well during the fall and the first few primaries of the season, which of the following is occurring? A. rally round the flag effect B. bandwagon effect C. appeasement effect D. incorrect polling

B. bandwagon effect

A party convention involves a gathering of __________ who nominate the party's presidential candidate. A. voters B. delegates C. politicians D. office holders

B. delegates

Which of the following would be considered an outside lobbying strategy? A. making phone calls on behalf of voters B. encouraging group members to contact representatives C. providing testimony D. collecting union dues

B. encouraging group members to contact representatives

In The Federalist No. 10, Madison argued that the system of checks and balances in the new constitution was designed to prevent __________. A. monarchies B. factions C. representative government D. Democracy

B. factions

James Madison defined ________ as statistical minorities who would organize around issues they felt strongly about. A. political parties B. factions C. protestors D. democracies

B. factions

The person currently holding office and is running for re-election is called the A. challenger B. incumbent C. winner D. front-runner

B. incumbent

Allison, a member of a local chapter of an environmental organization, is struggling to recruit people to help clean up public parks. She knows about the free-rider problem, but what would be a good way to get others to join the cause? A. advertise on a local radio station B. offer an incentive to join, such as a T-shirt or reusable grocery bag C. post on blogs about the benefits of cleaner communities D. none of the above

B. offer an incentive to join, such as a T-shirt or reusable grocery bag

What type of incentives appeal to someone's concern about a cause? A. solidary incentives B. purposive incentives C. material incentives D. negative incentives

B. purposive incentives

What does a lobbyist do? A. brings presidential candidates closer to potential voters B. represents an interest organization before government in exchange for compensation C. develop relationships between the Supreme Court and Congress D. hangs out in the lobbies of hotels and talks to potential voters

B. represents an interest organization before government in exchange for compensation

Regarding policy decisions, what areas are attempting to be balanced? A. satisfaction and safety B. rights and liberties C. liberties and safety D. necessities and luxuries

B. rights and liberties

Which of these things is obscured by the Bradley effect? A. inconsistencies in opinion B. socially objectionable opinions C. voter turnout D. margin of error

B. socially objectionable opinions

Nonprofit entities that can accept unlimited amounts in donations from corporations, unions, groups, and individuals are called __________. A. PACs B. super PACs C. Moving On organizations D. 501s

B. super PACs

Someone interested in protecting individual rights might join a group like__________________. A. the AFL-CIO B. the American Civil Liberties Union C. the League of Women Voters D. the American Federation of Teachers

B. the American Civil Liberties Union

Suffrage is __________. A. the voter registration process B. the ability to vote C. a limit to the right to vote D. the belief that voters should meet minimum criteria

B. the ability to vote

How is political socialization defined? A. learning to participate in public opinion polls B. the process by which we are trained to understand and join a country's political world C. learning how to vote D. a formal educational process about politics

B. the process by which we are trained to understand and join a country's political world

Howard Dean was the first major candidate to __________. A. to make a gaffe B. use the Internet to raise funds C. use emails for a campaign D. make a website

B. use the Internet to raise funds

What institutional feature of American politics effectively prevents the development of competitive third parties in the United States? A. a constitutional restriction B. winner take all system C. multi-member districts D. open-primary systems

B. winner take all system

When was the first public opinion poll taken? A. 1900 B. 1924 C. 1824 D. 1960

C. 1824

Which president is known for harnessing the power of radio to reach citizens? A. John F. Kennedy B. Teddy Roosevelt C. Franklin Roosevelt D. Herbert Hoover

C. Franklin Roosevelt

Which statement best explains the meaning of the term divided government? A. In Nebraska, the state legislature is unicameral and bipartisan. B. In countries with parliamentary government, there is no separation of power between the executive and the legislature. C. Most of the years since 1969 have been marked by one party controlling the White House and the other party controlling at least one chamber of the Congress. D. States with parliamentary systems have multiple parties. E. Due to strict enforcement of the Tenth Amendment by the Supreme Court over the past decade, power is now equally divided between the federal and state governments.

C. Most of the years since 1969 have been marked by one party controlling the White House and the other party controlling at least one chamber of the Congress.

How does a party nominate a presidential candidate? A. The party leadership selects the nominee at the party's annual meeting. B. The party convention selects delegates for the party caucus. C. The party caucus/primary selects delegates for the party convention. D. The party members directly vote for the nominee.

C. The party caucus/primary selects delegates for the party convention.

Of the following, which elected representative is most susceptible to polling pressure? A. the president B. a U.S. House member C. a U.S. Senator D. a state House member

C. a U.S. Senator

A party platform is: A. a statement outlining the party's history. B. the organization of the party's operatives. C. a statement of a political party's principles and issues. D. the platform from which speeches are made at the party convention. E. the tactics to be used to defeat the opposition party.

C. a statement of a political party's principles and issues.

Party organization begins A. at the national chair B. at the state chair C. at the precinct level D. with the grassroots

C. at the precinct level

When the ballot is so long that the voter loses interest and stops, it called A. a quitter B. ballot nullification C. ballot fatigue D. a tactic by the parties to fix the election.

C. ballot fatigue

What is the primary difference between classical liberals and modern liberals? A. opinions regarding education B. religious beliefs C. beliefs regarding government intervention D. extent of civil rights

C. beliefs regarding government intervention

Congressional approval ratings are mainly affected by ________________. A. world events B. midterm elections C. domestic events D. level of agreement between the parties

C. domestic events

The 1996 Telecommunications Act _______ the limit on the number of radio stations. A. increased B. eliminated C. dropped D. argued

C. dropped

The ___________ occurs when some individuals receive benefits without helping to bear the cost. A. collective good problem B. expectation problem C. free rider problem D. halo problem

C. free rider problem

What is an association? A. a group of public interest research groups that works together on specific issues B. a third party organization that represents the government regarding trade agreements C. groups of institutions that join with others, often within the same trade or industry D. a stand-alone organization that lobbies for specific issues

C. groups of institutions that join with others, often within the same trade or industry

The term diffuse support refers to ____________________. A. high voter turnout in presidential elections B. low levels of support for government C. high levels of support for government D. high voter turnout in midterm elections

C. high levels of support for government

Corporate interest groups seek to ________________________. A. work with labor unions to represent workers rights B. shed light on public concerns C. influence policy in a way that benefits them D. all of the above

C. influence policy in a way that benefits them

Organizations who want faster results than scientific polling can provide make use of ____________________. A. quick B. push C. instant D. random

C. instant

What did James Madison say about factions in Federalist no 10? A. they are the best way for people to focus on the common good B. they might prevent the ratification of the constitution C. limiting factions was worse than facing the evils they might produce D. limiting factions was better than facing the evils they might produce

C. limiting factions was worse than facing the evils they might produce

Congressional elections held in years when the president is not on the ballot are generally known as A. odd-year elections B. even year elections C. midterm elections D. Congress is never elected without the president being on the ballot as well.

C. midterm elections

Constitutionally, when does the presidential election occur in the United States? A. on the second Tuesday in November B. after the second Monday in November C. on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November D. in the first week of November

C. on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November

What makes an issue salient? A. people avoid it B. people are uninformed about it C. people think about it frequently D. it is interesting

C. people think about it frequently

In a country with a __________ system minor parties play a much more significant role in electoral politics. A. horse-race B. single-member-district with a plurality C. proportional representation D. plurality representation

C. proportional representation

n a country with a __________ system minor parties play a much more significant role in electoral politics. A. horse-race B. single-member-district with a plurality C. proportional representation D. plurality representation

C. proportional representation

What is the term used to describe the transition from one party being in control to another being in control? A. dealignment B. coalignment C. realignment D. alignment

C. realignment

redrawing district lines to mirror changes in population is called A. census B. reapportionment C. redistricting D. gerrymandering

C. redistricting

The wording of questions in surveys is important because it can _______________. A. increase the Bradley effect B. damage reputations C. skew survey results D. decrease the Bradley effect

C. skew survey results

Millennials are more likely to get their news from _______, while Baby Boomers are more likely to get their news from __________. A. radio; newspapers B. television; social media C. social media; television D. newspapers; radio

C. social media; television

Which of the following is an example of an astroturf movement? A. Women's suffrage B. Occupy Wall Street C. the Tea Party movement D. the New Patriots movement

C. the Tea Party movement

Incumbent presidents seeking reelection have an advantage over challengers because __________. A. their campaigns are paid for entirely with public funding B. they do not have to run in primaries or caucuses C. they can raise money more easily D. they can ensure that the media give them positive coverage

C. they can raise money more easily

Which of these groups was the last to win the right to vote in the United States? A. women B. African-Americans C. immigrants D. 18-year-olds

D. 18-year-olds

______________ is one of the most common heuristics in voting. A. Education B. Good marketing C. Good messaging D. Political party membership

D. Political party membership

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Citizens United case? A. Candidates can spend any amount of their personal funds on a campaign. B. Corporations and unions must create separate PACs to solicit funds for political purposes. C. Unions and corporations are severely limited with regard to their political donations. D. There is no limit to how much money unions or corporations can donate to super PACs.

D. There is no limit to how much money unions or corporations can donate to super PACs.

In which of the following ways do third parties affect American politics? A. They distract from important policy debates. B. They effectively disprove Duverger's Law. C. They intentionally alter election wins by their ideologically closest major party. D. They push major parties to incorporate new ideas or elucidate current ones.

D. They push major parties to incorporate new ideas or elucidate current ones.

Why is winning the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary important for a presidential campaign? A. The convention winner is determined by who wins the most states, so a small state victory is just as beneficial as winning California or Texas. B. It is important to win in these heavily conservative states because potential contributors donate more to conservative candidates. C. These two states enjoy a disproportionate share of wealthy voters who are able to bankroll the candidate's campaign. D. Winning in these early states builds momentum.

D. Winning in these early states builds momentum.

Which of the following is not an agent of political socialization? A. family B. a religious leader C. the media D. a U.S. Senator

D. a U.S. Senator

In what ways are lobbyists regulated? A. certain activities are prohibited B. contributions must be disclosed C. lobbying is prohibited immediately after leaving office D. all of the above

D. all of the above

In which areas do public interest research groups represent people? A. consumer protection B. the environment C. voter registration D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following will affect a poll's accuracy? A. question wording B. lack of knowledge on the part of the respondent C. surprise events D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Why might several competing corporations join together in an association? A. because they can all benefit from governmental policies B. because there is often strength in numbers C. because they often have common D. issues that may effect an entire industry D. all of the above

D. all of the above

__________ occurs when citizens use their personal recording devices and cell phones to capture events and post them on social media. A. media polarization B. free posting C. muckracking D. citizen journalism

D. citizen journalism

A U.S. Senator who votes to legalize marijuana (in line with what voters in their district want) is said to be practicing which theory? A. district appeasement B. voter affirmation C. constituent alignment D. delegate representation

D. delegate representation

Redrawing district line to benefit one group or to hinder another group is A. census B. reapportionment C. redistricting D. gerrymandering

D. gerrymandering

Over the past several decades, the number of contract lobbying firms has __________. A. generated great concern B. remained the same C. decreased D. increased

D. increased

While ______________ may be offensive or annoying to a reader or viewer, ________________ is often more difficult to notice. A. political bias; ideological bias B. conservatives; liberals C. liberals; conservatives D. overt content; covert content

D. overt content; covert content

A majority of polling today takes place through __________ and _____________. A. paper surveys; in person B. in person; phone C. Internet; in person D. phone; Internet

D. phone; Internet

Which of the following is an activity that all kinds of lobbyists regularly engage in? A. working the stock market B. providing legal counsel C. responding to emails and phone calls from voters D. providing decision-makers with information about an interest group's position on a particular issue

D. providing decision-makers with information about an interest group's position on a particular issue

Why does the U.S. political system fail to produce a major third party? A. multi-member districts and a proportional voting system B. single-member districts and a nonpartisan blanket primary system C. multi-member districts and a plurality (first-past-the-post) voting system D. single-member districts and a plurality (first-past-the-post) voting system

D. single-member districts and a plurality (first-past-the-post) voting system

The number of media conglomerates decreased from ___ to ____ in 2019. A. one; two B. three; four C. five; six D. six; five

D. six; five

Polls that informally collect opinions of a non-random population or group are _____________. A. casual poll B. scientific poll C. longitudinal poll D. straw polls

D. straw polls

Soft news is more prevalent in ________. A. Internet B. newspapers C. radio D. television

D. television

Whose votes elect the president? A. the people B. the states C. the political parties D. the Electoral College

D. the Electoral College

When the voters get fed up with candidate ads and decide not to vote at all, it called A. a normal response B. voter crash C. voter depression D. voter fatigue

D. voter fatigue

Party polarization is A. when parties lose the support of the constituents B. when parties come together to form a single unified system C. when parties identify with their base for election purposes D. when parties grow farther apart ideologically

D. when parties grow farther apart ideologically

During most presidential elections among the individual states A. you receive a portion of the electoral votes based on the percentage of the popular vote received B. the state will divide the electoral vote by the congressional district and will award one electoral vote for each district won by the candidate C. the popular vote is irrelevant and the state legislature chooses who will receive the electoral votes D. whichever candidate wins the popular vote will win all the of the electoral votes.

D. whichever candidate wins the popular vote will win all the of the electoral votes.

Among the following, which is most likely to substantially affect a president's approval rating? A. number of rallies B. support for particular policy C. personal style D. world events

D. world events